BIOMARKERS OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN FULL-TERM INFANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
T.A. Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
New Biomarkers

Objective of the research: to assess the value of new biomarkers – erythropoietin (EPO), nitric oxide (NO), calcium ion for the early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in full-term newborns. Materials and methods: 100 full-term infants with NEC and 30 generally healthy infants (control group) were examined. In newborns of both groups in the first 2 weeks of life, plasma NO levels were determined by the colorimetric method (Caymans Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay Kit) using an ELISYS UNO HUMAN; EPO – by Human Enzyme Immunoassay ELISA Kit, calcium ions – by a photometric test with BioScreen MS2000. Results: an increase in EPO levels and a decrease in Ca+2 level were revealed in patients depending on the NEC stage. In patients with stage I NEC, EPO and NO values increased by 54% and 46%, respectively, and the Ca+2 values were decreased by 19% in comparison with indicators in children of the control group. In patients with stage II NEC, EPO values increased by 70%, NO – by 124%, and Ca+2 were decreased by 61% compared to the indicators of children in the control group. In patients with stage III NEC, EPO values increased by 100%, NO – by 222% compared with the indicators of children in the control group. Conclusion: EPO, NO, and Ca+2 are biomarkers of early diagnosis of NEC in term infants and detection of severe variants of the disease.

scholarly journals Clinical Investigations: Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Full-Term Neonates With Perinatal Asphyxia

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina E. Geneva ◽  
Maya B. Krasteva ◽  
Stefan S. Kostianev
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the capacity of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) to assess maturation processes in the development of the nervous system, and the characteristics of SEP in healthy full-term infants and full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia and their follow up until the age of 14 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SEP were studied in 21 healthy full-term infants and 38 full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia. The children with asphyxia were studied longitudinally until they were 14 months old. To assess the SEP we measured the latency of the P15, N20 and P25 components, the amplitude ratio N20/ P25 and inter-peak intervals P15-N20 and N20-P25. RESULTS: The component that was most typically always found in the SEP recordings of both healthy infants and those with perinatal asphyxia was N20. The mean latency values of P15, N20 and P25 were higher in the children with perinatal asphyxia (p ⋋ 0.001). The SEP amplitude was highly variable (CoV% = 76.6%). The latencies became shorter with age in asphyxia patients aged 0 to 14 months, the shortening being the greatest in the first trimester, while they showed no statistically significant differences in infants aged 6 to 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: SEPs in the neonatal period differ considerably from those of adults and older children in the morphology and longer potential latency, which can be accounted for by the incomplete myelination of nerve fibers. The changes in SEP latency in patients with HIE stages I and II follow the same pattern found in healthy children - latency became shorter with increasing age, which was most pronounced in the first 3 months. SEP latency was found to be correlated with height and age. No differences were found in the latency of potentials between healthy infants and infants with brain hemorrhage. Recording SEP is a sensitive method to assess the CNS in children with perinatal asphyxia and to monitor the maturation of the somatosensory pathway.

Necrotizing enterocolitis following intensive phototherapy in full-term newborns – is there a possible association?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arieh Riskin ◽  
Amir Kugelman ◽  
David Bader
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hemolytic Disease ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Clinical Awareness

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis is rare in full-term infants, and is currently not considered a known complication of phototherapy.Three cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term babies possibly associated to intensive phototherapy for treatment of early neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to isoimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn.Although rare, the association between occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term newborn infants and intensive phototherapy merits caution and clinical awareness to such possible complication. Presumptive explanation is that intensive phototherapy causes marked vasodilataion in the skin that may result in decreased perfusion of the intestine leading to ischemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This calls for further studies to investigate the effects of phototherapy on the vascular bed in the gut and other vital organs that could have clinical implications.

scholarly journals CATAMNESTIC OBSERVATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS IN PRETERM INFANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
M. Gonchar ◽  
A. Boichenko
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Heart Ventricles ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Term Newborns

CATAMNESTIC OBSERVATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR STATUS IN PRETERM INFANTSM.O. Gonchar, A.D. BoichenkoTo identify peculiarities of the diastolic function development of the heart ventricles in preterm infants following clinical and instrumental examination in the neonatal period and in the process of catamnestic observation the study involved examination of 244 preterm infants at gestation age from 260-7 to 376-7 weeks. Control group comprised 100 healthy full-term infants. The study showed that peculiarities of the development of diastolic function of the heart ventricles in prematurely born children included diastolic dysfunction by the type of delayed relaxation, which is typical for the fetus, until the child reaches the postconceptual age of 39-41 weeks. Normalization of the diastolic function of the heart ventricles occured in 46/61 (75.41 ± 5.51%, p = 0.1·10-6) prematurely born children to 5-6 months of actual age, in 15/61 (24.59 ± 5.51%) children to 6-8 months of actual age. Spontaneous closure of open oval window up to the age of 1 year occurred in 22/32 (68.75 ± 8.19%, p = 0.009) full-term newborns and in 21/61 (34.43 ± 6.08%) preterm infants. Hemodynamically significant patent arterial duct in 58.82 ± 11.94% of children spontaneously closes during the first three months of life. The incidence of myocardial dysfunction in newborns from mothers with extragenital pathology increased to 89.39 ± 3.79% versus 76.67 ± 5.46%, p = 0.046 children born from healthy women. The presence of extragenital pathology in mothers, including cardiovascular disorders, is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in preterm children.Key words: preterm infants, myocardial dysfunction, catamnesis.  КАТАМНЕСТИЧНЕ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ СТАНУ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ПЕРЕДЧАСНО НАРОДЖЕНИХ ДІТЕЙГончарь М.О., Бойченко А.Д.З метою визначення особливостей становлення діастолічної функції шлуночків серця у передчасно народжених дітей на підставі клініко-інструментального дослідження в неонатальний період та в процесі катамнестичного спостереження обстежено 244 передчасно народжені дитини зі строком гестації від 26 до 37 тижнів. Контрольна група – 100 здорових доношених новонароджених. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що до особливостей становлення діастолічної функції шлуночків серця у передчасно народжених дітей відноситься реєстрація діастолічної дисфункції за типом уповільненої релаксації, що є характерним для плода, до досягнення дитиною постконцептуального віку 39-41 тиждень. Нормалізація діастолічної функції шлуночків серця відбувається у 46/61 (75,41±5,51%, р=0,1·10-6) передчасно народжених дітей к 5-6 місяцю фактичного віку, у 15/61 (24,59±5,51%) дітей – к 6-8 місяцям фактичного віку. Спонтанне закриття відкритого овального вікна до віку 1 року відбувається у 22/32 (68,75±8,19%, р=0,009) доношених новонароджених та у 21/61 (34,43±6,08%) передчасно народжених дітей. У 58,82±11,94% дітей з гемодинамічно значущою ВАП відбувається її спонтанне закриття на протязі перших трьох місяців життя. Частота зустрічальності міокардіальної дисфункції у новонароджених від матерів з екстрагенітальною патологією зростає до 89,39±3,79% проти 76,67±5,46%, р=0,046 дітей народжених від здорових жінок. Наявність у матерів екстрагенітальної патології, в тому числі патології серцево-судинної системи, є факторами ризику розвитку серцево-судинних розладів у передчасно народжених дітей.Ключові слова: передчасно народжені діти, міокардіальна дисфункція, катамнез. КАТАМНЕСТИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У НЕДОНОШЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙГончарь М.А., Бойченко А.Д.С целью определения особенностей становления диастолической функции желудочков сердца у недоношенных детей на основании клинико-инструментального исследования в неонатальный период и в процессе катамнестического наблюдения обследовано 244 преждевременно рожденных ребенка со сроком гестации от 26 до 37 недель. Контрольная группа - 100 здоровых доношенных новорожденных. Установлено, что к особенностям становления диастолической функции желудочков сердца у недоношенных детей относится регистрация диастолической дисфункции по типу замедленной релаксации, что характерно для плода, по достижении ребенком постконцептуального возраста 39-41 недель. Нормализация диастолической функции желудочков сердца отмечается у 46/61 (75,41±5,51%, р=0,1·10-6) недоношенных детей к 5-6 месяцу фактического возраста, у 15/61 (24,59±5,51%) детей – к 6-8 месяцам фактического возраста. Спонтанное закрытие овального окна в возрасте 1 года зарегистрировано у 22/32 (68,75±8,19%, р=0,009) доношенных новорожденных и у 21/61 (34,43±6,08%) недоношенных детей. Спонтанное закрытие гемодинамически значимого ОАП у 58,82±11,94% детей происходит в течение первых трех месяцев жизни. Частота встречаемости миокардиальной дисфункции у новорожденных от матерей с экстрагенитальной патологией возрастает до 89,39±3,79% против 76,67±5,46%, р=0,046 детей рожденных от здоровых женщин. Наличие у матерей экстрагенитальной патологии, в том числе патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы, является факторами риска развития сердечно-сосудистых расстройств у недоношенных детей.Ключевые слова: недоношенные новорожденные, миокардиальная дисфункция, катамнез.

scholarly journals Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain During the First Year of Life

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2412
Author(s):  
Sonia González ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Silvia Arboleya ◽  
Cecilia Martínez-Costa ◽  
Gonzalo Solís ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Full Term ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Infant Weight Gain ◽  
First Year Of Life

The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.

Carbohydrate Malabsorption in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Linda Sue Book ◽  
John J. Herbst ◽  
August L. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Carbohydrate Intolerance ◽  
Prospective Investigation

A prospective investigation was conducted to determine if infants with necrotizing enterocolitis had evidence of carbohydrate intolerance prior to the onset of clinical symptoms of advanced disease. Stool specimens were examined for fecal reducing substances with Clintest tablets from well, full-term infants and sick premature infants. Only two of 45 (4.4%) formula-fed, full-term infants demonstrated higher than 2 + fecal reducing substances. Ten of 14 (71%) formula-fed premature infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis had higher than 2 + reducing substances detected in their stools. Daily measurement of fecal reducing substances can be a useful adjunct in the management of sick premature infants.

Kernicterus in Otherwise Healthy, Breast-fed Term Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jeffrey Maisels ◽  
Thomas B. Newman
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Know How ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Objective. To document the occurrence of classical kernicterus in full-term, otherwise healthy, breast-fed infants. Methods. We reviewed the files of 22 cases referred to us by attorneys throughout the United States during a period of 18 years, in which neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was alleged to be responsible for brain damage in apparently healthy, nonimmunized, full-term infants. To qualify for inclusion, these infants had to be born at 37 or more weeks' gestation, manifest the classic signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy, and have the typical neurologic sequelae. Results. Six infants, born between 1979 and 1991, met the criteria for inclusion. Their peak recorded bilirubin levels occurred 4 to 10 days after birth and ranged from 39.0 to 49.7 mg/dL. All had one or more exchange transfusions. One infant had an elevated reticulocyte count (9%) but no other evidence of hemolysis. The other infants had no evidence of hemolysis, and no cause was found for the hyperbilirubinemia (other than breast-feeding). Conclusions. Although very rare, classic kernicterus can occur in apparently healthy, full-term, breast-fed newborns who do not have hemolytic disease or any other discernible cause for their jaundice. Such extreme elevations of bilirubin are rare, and we do not know how often infants with similar serum bilirubin levels escape harm. We also have no reliable method for identifying these infants early in the neonatal period. Closer follow-up after birth and discharge from the hospital might have prevented some of these outcomes, but rare, sporadic cases of kernicterus might not be preventable unless we adopt an approach to follow-up and surveillance of the newborn that is significantly more rigorous than has been practiced. The feasibility, risks, costs, and benefits of this type of intervention need to be determined.

Neonatal Polycythemia: I. Early Diagnosis and Incidence Relating to Time of Sampling

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Shohat ◽  
Paul Merlob ◽  
Salomon H. Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

The dynamic changes occurring in hematocrit and blood viscosity within the first 18 hours of life were studied in 50 full-term infants who were vaginally delivered and had weight appropriate for gestational age. In all cases, the cord was clamped within 30 seconds and cord blood was collected from the vein and artery. Subsequently, samples were taken from a peripheral vein at ages 15 minutes, and 2, 4, 6, and between 12 to 18 hours. Both the Hct and blood viscosity reach their peak at age 2 hours. The incidence of neonatal polycythemia varied greatly with age. Thus at the age of 2 hours, ten infants (20%) were polycythemic, whereas by age 6 hours only six (12%) of these infants were still polycythemic and by age 12 to 18 hours only one infant (2%) was polycythemic. A linear correlation was found between cord Hct levels and peripheral venous Hct levels by age 2 hours. None of the infants with cord blood Hct levels ≤56% had developed polycythemia, whereas ten of the 12 infants with cord Hct levels >56% developed polycythemia. In this particular group of infants, cord blood Hct levels may be used for the screening of neonatal polycythemia.

Apnea Recordings of Healthy Infants at 40, 44, and 52 Weeks Postconception

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-730
Author(s):  
Israel M. Stein ◽  
Ann White ◽  
Joseph L. Kennedy ◽  
Roberta L. Merisalo ◽  
Harvey Chernoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Highly Correlated

A total of 129 recordings of the respiratory activity of 46 normal full-term infants were obtained continuously for 24 hours in the hospital nursery at 3 days of life and in the home environment at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after birth. The pediatric pneumogram (PPG) technique, an impedance method, was used. Pneumogram data over longer than 16 hours was obtained on 77% of infants monitored. No infants experienced apnea longer than 15 seconds in duration at 40 and 44 weeks postconception. or greater than 11 seconds at 52 weeks postconception. Twenty-four hour plots of hourly apnea frequency revealed a marked variability, with evidence of clustering of apneic episodes during periods of reported sleep. Longest apnea time and hourly frequency of apneic episodes were highly correlated.

scholarly journals Head circumference and anterior fontanel measurements in newborns

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizal Agus Tiansyah ◽  
Irawan Mangunatmadja ◽  
Aman Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Anterior Fontanel ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Head Growth ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

Background Head growth and anterior fontanel (AP) closureare passive processes in response to brain growth. The growthof the brain and skull starts in the third week of intrauterinegestation. roth processes run simultaneously as a part of integralgrowth, along 'With increasing gestational age, until post􀀿birth.Measurement of head circumference (He) and AF in newbornsis done to determine if the brain and skull grew normally duringthe intrauterine period.Objectives To investigate the differences in He and AF sizebetween preterm and full􀀿term infants, and the relationshipbetween gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) to Heand AF size.Methods This was a descriptive analytic study on preterm andfull􀀿term newborns. Measurement of HC and AF was conductedin three phases: just after birth, 1x24 and 2x24 hours of age.Analysis of HC and AF size differences between preterm and fullterm subjects was performed, as well as analysis of the correlationbetween GA and BW to HC and AF size.Results Two hundred fifty newborns completed the study. Therewere 180 full􀀿term and 70 preterm subjects. Median HC in full􀀿term and preterm male subjects were 34 cm (range 31􀀿37 cm)and 31 cm (27􀀿34 cm), respectively. Median HC in full􀀿termand preterm female subjects were 33 cm (31􀀿36 cm) and 32 cm(27􀀿3S.S cm), respectively. Median AF in full􀀿term and pretermmale subjects were 2.17 cm (1.0SA.6 cm) and 2.22 cm (1.3SA.Scm), respectively, and in full􀀿term and preterm female subjectswere 2.02 cm (lA.1S cm) and 2.22 cm (0.7SA cm), respectively.The HC of preterms were significantly lower than the fullterms(P<O.OOl), however the AF size was not different between these2 groups of newborns (P =0 .28). Correlation test between GA andBW to HC size revealed a positive correlation (r=0.620, P<O.OO 1and r=0.801, P<O.OOl, respectively), but not to AF size (r=􀀿 0.06,p􀁀 0.279 and F- 0.049, P􀁀0.44, respectively).Concl usions We found that the HC size of pre terms wassignificantly lower than thefullterms, but no significant differences in AF size between the two groups. GA and BW were associatedwith HC size, but not associated to AF size. [paediatr lndones.2012;52:145-51].

The Lowering of Bilirubin Levels in Full-Term Newborns by the Effect of Combined Massage Therapy and Phototherapy Practice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoufeh Ahmadipour ◽  
Mahnaz Mardani ◽  
Azam Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Parastoo Baharvand ◽  
Mohammad Nazeri
Keyword(s):  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
And Control

Objective Various therapeutic treatments have been prescribed for decreasing the bilirubin level. Massage therapy is one of the neonate treatments for jaundice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of combined massage therapy and phototherapy on neonatal jaundice. Study Design This study was performed at Shahid Madani Hospital in the city of Khorramabad in 2016, where 83 healthy full-term infants were enrolled. They were selected through convenience sampling and then were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The control group (n = 43) received phototherapy, whereas infants in the intervention group (n = 40) received 4 days of massage and phototherapy. The serum bilirubin level, frequency of stooling and amount of urination, duration of hospitalization, and feeding frequency were analyzed using SPSS by descriptive and analytical statistics (mixed regression models). Results Baseline levels of bilirubin were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). The bilirubin level was measured as 13.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL in the intervention group on day 1. It stood at 14.4 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the control group, which was not statistically significantly different. However, the mean bilirubin level was decreased on day 4 of hospitalization to 7.4 ± 0.56 mg/dL and 9.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL, showing a significant difference decrease in the intervention and control group (p < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Intervention had a significant role in decreasing the bilirubin level, amount of urination, and duration of hospitalization of full-term infants suffering from hyperbilirubinemia.

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