Mortality and Morbidity in Infants Less Than 1,001 Grams Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
John M. Driscoll ◽  
Yvonne T. Driscoll ◽  
Mary E. Steir ◽  
Raymond I. Stark ◽  
Barbara C. Dangman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Intellectual Deficit ◽  
Static Encephalopathy ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

A prospective study of 54 infants with birth weights of 1,000 gm or less was conducted over a period of two years. Of the 26 infants who survived, 24 weighed between 750 and 1,000 gm; two infants died after discharge and one was lost to follow-up, leaving 23 in whom serial observations were made over 18 months to 3 years of age. The incidence of neurologic deficit in these infants was 17% and of intellectual deficit, 13%. Of the four who were abnormal neurologically, two had spastic quadriparesis, one static encephalopathy, and one hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage. The three with intellectual deficit had a developmental quotient <85. Of the perinatal factors examined, only birth asphyxia correlated significantly with both neonatal mortality and subsequent morbidity. Six (26%) of the surviving infants had mild, nonblinding retrolental fibroplasia; only one of them had a significant refractive error that required corrective lenses for vision. Sepsis was a significant contributor to neonatal mortality in ten of 28 infants who died, but was detected in only one survivor. Although the prognosis for the infant weighing 1,000 gm or less at delivery has improved significantly, there is promise for still further improvement by reducing perinatal asphyxia.

scholarly journals Does Forehand Racquet Handgrip influence Incidence and Type of Wrist Injury in Tennis? A Preliminary Study in Indian Tennis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sharad Prabhakar ◽  
Mandeep S Dhillon ◽  
Himmat Dhillon ◽  
Sidak Dhillon ◽  
Dharam S Meena
Keyword(s):  
Daily Practice ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Wrist Injury ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

ABSTRACT Introduction Tennis is one of the major global sports, with over 75 million players participating in the game in more than 200 countries affiliated with the International Tennis Federation. The upper extremity is particularly susceptible to injury in tennis because of the use of the racquet, which acts as a lever, and due to the effect of repetitive stroke play on the dominant limb. Materials and methods Between July 2009 and October 2010, in a prospective study involving players at a local tennis academy, 219 tennis players were evaluated for wrist injury. A specialized injury proforma was filled up for these players and parameters, such as injury type, mechanism of injury, forehand racquet grip (eastern, western and semiwestern), missed time from game, and treatment (medical or surgical) were recorded. The players were grouped into low-intensity players (those with average daily practice hours < 2.5) and high-intensity players (with ≥ 2.5 daily average practice hours). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association of different wrist injuries with type of forehand handgrip. Results Out of 219 players, 14 players were lost to follow-up. Out of the remaining 205 players, a total of 157 (76%) players were aware of the type of handgrip they were using, while 18 (9%) players did not have any knowledge of their handgrip. The remaining 30 (15%) players were found to be confused as far as handgrip was concerned. Out of 157 players who had knowledge regarding handgrip, 102 players were using the semiwestern grip, 44 were using the western grip, and the remaining 11 were using the eastern type of handgrip. There were seven injuries sustained in the wrist and hand. Due to the relatively small number of wrist injury cases, no statistical correlation could be derived between handgrip use and specific injuries in the upper limb. Conclusion In tennis players with wrist injuries, different grips of the racquet are not related to the anatomical site of the lesion. Previous studies have correlated the type of handgrip with the pattern of wrist injuries. Though we have 219 players in our study, the players who sustained wrist injuries were less (7). Thus, we were unable to find any correlation between type of handgrip and pattern of wrist injuries. Further studies are required so as to understand the biomechanics of tennis injuries. How to cite this article Prabhakar S, Dhillon MS, Meena DS, Dhillon H, Dhillon S. Does Forehand Racquet Handgrip influence Incidence and Type of Wrist Injury in Tennis? A Preliminary Study in Indian Tennis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):1-4.

scholarly journals A prospective study to evaluate the acceptance, efficacy, side effects and expulsion rates of post-placental intrauterine device

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4821
Author(s):  
Richa S. Sankhe ◽  
Meenal T. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Insertion Techniques ◽  
Insertion Efficacy ◽  
Post Placental ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: This study was conducted to know the factors associated with acceptability of immediate post placental IUCD insertion in women and to know the level of safety, efficacy and expulsion of post placental insertion of IUCD.Methods: This study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Kasturba General Hospital, Mumbai over a period of 1 year. Women admitted and delivered at KGH were informed and counselled regarding intrauterine devices regarding its insertion, efficacy and side effects. Cu T 380A was inserted within 15 minutes of delivery of placenta and membranes in women who gave consent and had no contraindications for IUD insertion. All these women were followed for 6 months in the post insertion period.Results: Total number of women counselled was 400 over the period of six months from August 2015 to January 2016. Out of these only 250 women gave consent for PPIUCD insertion. 50 were lost to follow up.  200 women were followed, out of which 15 women had expulsion, 15 women had excessive bleeding, 20 women complained of pelvic pain, bleeding and abdominal pain together was found in 25 women. 160 out of 200 continued with the method   while the rest discontinued.Conclusions: Based on present study it may be concluded that post placental intrauterine device is an effective method of contraception. Proper counselling and insertion techniques would further improve the acceptability and reduce the expulsion rates.

scholarly journals Total Endoscopic Transcanal Cartilage Myringoplasty: A Prospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. e440-e444
Author(s):  
Dipesh Shakya ◽  
Arun KC ◽  
Ajit Nepal ◽  
Nirmala Tamang
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Closure Rate ◽  
Hearing Results ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Air Conduction ◽  
Hearing Evaluation

Introduction Middle ear surgeries, including myringoplasty, have increasingly utilized endoscopes as an adjunct to or as a replacement for the operative microscope. Objectives The objective of the present study was to evaluate the graft uptake rate and to evaluate the hearing results. Methods This is a prospective study. We have analyzed 139 patients who underwent surgery for chronic otitis media (COM) of the mucosal type. All of the surgeries were performed exclusively under total endoscopic transcanal approach using tragal cartilage as graft, underlay technique. We have evaluated the postoperative graft uptake and performed a hearing evaluation at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks, and at 6 months. Results During the study period, 139 patients were included, out of which 13 were lost to follow-up; therefore, only 126 patients were assessed. All of the cases were performed under total endoscopic approach. As for the surgical outcome at the postoperative otoscopy, 3 cases had initial uptake at 3 months and failed later; therefore, complete closure of the perforation was observed in 97.6% (n = 123) of the patients 6 months after the intervention.Four patients presented with preoperative anacusis; therefore, only 122 patients were included for hearing evaluation. The preoperative air conduction threshold (ACT) and airbone gap (ABG) were 43.34 ± 11.53 and 24.73 ± 7.89, respectively.Postoperatively, the ACT and ABG closure were 28.73 ± 15.75 and 11.91 ± 8.41, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion The endoscopic approach for myringoplasty offers excellent visualization; avoids postaural approach, enables a faster recovery, requires less hospital stay, with excellent graft closure rate and improved functional outcomes.

Infants Weighing 1,000 Grams or Less at Birth: Developmental Outcome for Ventilated and Nonventilated Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
Alan D. Rothberg ◽  
M. Jeffrey Maisels ◽  
Stephen Bagnato ◽  
James Murphy ◽  
Kathleen Gifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

The neurodevelopmental outcome at a mean age of 40 months was investigated in 23/25 surviving infants of birth weights ≤1,000 gm. Eight infants required intubation and assisted ventilation and 17 were not ventilated. One ventilated infant was lost to follow-up and one nonventilated infant was a victim of sudden infant death syndrome at age 6 months. Fifteen (65%) had a good outcome but the differences between ventilated and nonventilated infants were striking. Thirteen (81%) of the nonventilated group were normal, but only two ventilated survivors (28%) were normal (P &lt; 0.05). Cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia occurred in three (43%) of the ventilated survivors and in none of the nonventilated infants (P &lt; .02). The requirement for assisted ventilation in these very low-birth-weight infants is associated with significant morbidity. Improvement in outcome may depend as much upon better understanding and management of prenatal events as upon improvements in neonatal care.

scholarly journals Acceptability, continuation and satisfaction of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) and delayed insertion: a comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Neha Jain ◽  
Nishat Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Postpartum period is an ideal time to counsel and begin contraception as women are strongly motivated at this time, also being convenient for both patients and health-care providers. Copper T 380A is a safe, highly effective method of contraception and has become the method of choice of many women for attaining their reproductive goals.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted from February 2012 and November 2013 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh, U.P.Results: 386 clients were counseled for immediate postpartum IUCD insertion (GROUP-I), out of which 34.2% clients accepted for insertion but 24.3% actually got it inserted. 337 clients were counseled for extended IUCD insertion (GROUP-II) out of these 61.1% clients accepted but only 16.5% actually got it inserted. 10.63%, 6.02% and 5.19% clients in GROUP-I and 16.22%, 13.11%, 11.54% GROUP-II went lost to follow up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months respectively. Continuation rates in GROUP-I after 6 months was 73.4% in GROUP-I and 59.5% in GROUP-II. Among the clients who continued, 92.7% were satisfied in GROUP-I and 81.8% in GROUP-II.Conclusions: Immediate postpartum IUCD has better acceptability, continuation and satisfaction profile when compared to extended insertion. 

The management of quinsy—a prospective study

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 986-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Chowdhury ◽  
M. C. M. Bricknell
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Abscess Tonsillectomy ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractA prospective study for the treatment of quinsy was undertaken between January 1989 and September 1991. This was to determine whether abscess tonsillectomy reduces inpatient stay without increasing operative risk compared to incision and drainage combined with interval tonsillectomy. Fifty-three patients were entered into the study. Twenty-one had abscess tonsillectomy and 32 had incision and drainage. This study showed that there is a 95 per cent probability that abscess tonsillectomy reduces hospital stay by between 2.04 and 4.84 (Student's t test t = 5.01; df = 31, p<0.001) days compared to incision and drainage followed by interval tonsillectomy. This is a significant saving in time and resources. Abscess tonsillectomy reduces patients lost to follow-up, avoids the social inconvenience of a second admission, effectively relieves symptoms, treats a contralateral abscess and is the only method of treating children with a quinsy. We recommend abscess tonsillectomy should be performed for quinsy where expertise and facilities are available.

scholarly journals Perinatal Asphyxia: Factors Associated with Noncompliance in the specialized Outpatient Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Záira Moura da Paixão Freitas ◽  
Carlos Umberto Pereira ◽  
Débora Moura da Paixão Oliveira ◽  
Clarissa Melo Menezes ◽  
Edênya Santos da Silva Félix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of preventable brain injury. Between four and nine million newborns develop birth asphyxia. It is estimated that 1.2 million evolve to death and at least the same number develops important disabling neurological sequels. These children need to be accompanied by experts, especially in the first year of life. The continuity of care after hospital discharge should be guaranteed so that there is follow-up care to those who are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. To identify factors associated with dropout of outpatient specialized treatment of children diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia. The study was conducted in neonatal care clinic specializing in a reference hospital for high-risk births in the state of Sergipe. 98 children with perinatal asphyxia discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of this hospital participated in the study. Results: the children who were followed up were  between two months to two years old, and predominantly male 69. Ten children were discharged at age 24 months and had important neurological sequels. Thirty-one children  were discharged aged  10 to 20 months without deficit and 35  remained in regular monitoring. There was a record of 22 cases of noncompliance, before the sixth medical consultation. Among the reasons for the doctor following the abandonment of the follow-up service, there were more reasons regarding the absence of symptoms (and distance from home). The absence of symptoms and distance from the capital were associated with the abandonment of outpatient treatment of anoxic children. Outpatient services should be organized to minimize the follow-up abandon situations. Keywords: Ambulatory Care. Asphyxia Neonatorum. Health Planning. ResumoAsfixia perinatal é uma das principais causas de lesão cerebral evitável. Cerca de quatro a nove milhões de recém-nascidos desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhão evoluem para óbito e desenvolvem sequelas neurológicas incapacitantes. Essas crianças precisam ser acompanhadas por especialistas, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. A continuidade da assistência após a alta hospitalar deve ser garantida para que haja seguimento do cuidado aos que apresentam maior risco de morbimortalidade. Identificar fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento ambulatorial especializado de crianças diagnosticadas com asfixia perinatal. Estudo desenvolvido no ambulatório de assistência neonatal de uma maternidade referência para partos de alto risco no estado de Sergipe. Participaram do estudo 98 crianças anoxiadas egressas da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal dessa maternidade. As crianças acompanhadas tinham entre dois meses a dois anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino 69. Dez crianças receberam alta por idade aos 24 meses, apresentando sequelas neurológicas importantes. Trinta e uma crianças receberam alta entre 10 a 20 meses sem déficit e 35 mantiveram-se em acompanhamento regular. Houve o registro de 22 casos de abandono do tratamento, antes da sexta consulta médica. Entre os motivos para o abandono do seguimento no serviço de follow-up, predominaram a ausência de sintomas e a distância do domicílio. A ausência de sintomas e a distância da capital estiveram associadas ao abandono de tratamento ambulatorial de crianças anoxiadas. Os serviços ambulatoriais devem estar organizados para minimizar situações de abandono do seguimento. Palavras-chave: Assistência Ambulatorial. Asfixia Neonatal. Planejamento em Saúde.

scholarly journals CLINICAL RESPONSE OF A BRAND OF ARTEMETHER- LUMEFANTRINE IN CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS OLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
JOHN EDJOPHE ARUTE ◽  
VALENTINE UCHE ODILI ◽  
EMMANUEL AGBAMU ◽  
WINIFRED AITALEGBE OJIEABU
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Parasitological Response

Malaria is a major health concern in children aged less than five years old, globally. In Nigeria, it was estimated that 300,000 children die annually from malaria. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the clinical response of a brand of arthemether-lumefantrine (AL) for clearing parasitaemia in children aged less than five years old. This was a prospective study of the clinical and parasitological responses to the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria using a popular dispersible brand of AL 20/120 mg. A hundred participants within 6–59 months with P. falciparum malaria were enrolled in the study and participants who could not complete the follow-ups were excluded. The drug was administered to participants following same dosage regimen on days 0, 1, 2 and followed-up on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 in which the participants were assessed clinically and parasitologically. Data was analysed using MS-Excel 2010 and SPSS version 18. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess clinical outcomes. The study showed that 73 participants completed the 28 days follow-up while 27 participants were lost to follow-up. Clinical outcome revealed no early treatment failure (ETF), one late clinical failure (LCF), 10 parasitological failures and 62 adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPF). Clinical response was 84.9%, cumulative success and failure rate was 93.6% and 6.4%, respectively, on day 28. The clinical response of AL was efficacious. The failure rate of 6.4% could likely be as a result of reinfection within the period of follow-up.

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