Action Verb Nosi `Cooking` in Bima Language: A Study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage

There are two subordinate structures in action verbs, namely uncompositional polysemy. Action verbs to do and happen are action verbs with uncomposed polysemy, including Cooking Nose. This research aims to find out the mapping and explication of the 'cooking' action verb. The method used is qualitative. The data source consists of oral data taken from key informants, written data collected from storybooks in the Bima language and language intuition. The technique used is interview and literature study. The data collection method is advanced, namely the agih method with the application of transformation and insertion techniques used to reveal the original meaning contained in BBM. The default meaning is used to determine the semantic structure of VBBm by explication or paraphrasing techniques. Each verb nosi cooking is based on: the tool, the model of movement, the part of the entity that is being treated, the result that the agent wants to achieve. The results show that the Bima language action verb 'Cooking' in general has a component mapping `X Doing something to Y` and therefore `Something happened to Y`. A number of words that contain the meaning of cooking: lowi, mbako, danda, salunga, puru, sanggowo, sanggapi, suje, ncango, and tumi, gule. This variant has unique semantic characteristics so that the meaning content of each word is different even though it is still in the same field of meaning (Cf. Adawiyah, 2021).

Development of a Systematic Course On Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) for Orthodontic Residency Program

Background: Orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs) offer absolute anchorage for clinical orthodontics. No systematic course on TADs has been described so far. The objectives of this study were to develop a systematic course on orthodontic TADs and to determine its teaching outcome.Methods: Five modules (fundamentals, anatomic sites, clinical applications, complications and insertion techniques, FACCI) were designed in this FACCI course on TADs. A total of 61 orthodontic graduate students from Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University were enrolled in this study. Baseline levels on the use of TADs were surveyed through a before-course questionnaire and the teaching outcomes were assessed through an after-course questionnaire.Results: After the course, significantly more students were willing to insert TADs by themselves (p<0.001). Students were significantly more familiar with the clinical applications of TADs for different types of tooth movements (p<0.001) and the insertion techniques of TADs at different anatomic sites (p<0.001). Before the course, most of the students had no knowledge on addressing TADs-associated complication and they were significantly more familiar with the techniques and skills of addressing TADs-associated complication after the course (p<0.001).Conclusions: The FACCI course on orthodontic TADs was effective and promoted the clinical applications of TADs in clinical practice among orthodontic graduate students.

Effects of Preheating and Sonic Delivery Techniques on the Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill Resin Composites

Clinical Relevance The internal adaptation of resin composites that are recommended to be placed with the conventional insertion technique could be improved when the resin composites are preheated prior to their placement. SonicFill 2 and VisCalor bulk show the best internal adaptation when they are inserted as per the manufacurer's recommended techniques. SUMMARY Objective: To compare the effects of conventional (hand-placed), sonic, or preheated insertion techniques on the internal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites. Methods and Materials: A total of 150 freshly extracted human third molars were used to prepare standardized cylindrical occlusal cavities. Teeth were divided into five main groups according to the resin composites: 1 incremental (Clearfil Majesty Posterior [CMP]) and four paste-like bulk-fill (SonicFill 2 [SF2], VisCalor bulk [VCB], Filtek One bulk-fill restorative [FBR], and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill [TEB]). Each main group was divided into three subgroups according to the placement technique: conventional, preheating, and sonic delivery (n=10). In the conventional placement technique, cavities were filled manually. In the sonic insertion technique, a specific handpiece (SonicFill Handpiece; Kerr Corporation) was used. In the preheating technique, a heating device (Caps Warmer, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used to warm the resin composites before placement. Internal voids (%) of the completed restorations were calculated with microcomputed tomography. Data was analyzed with two-way analysis of variacne followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (α=0.05). Results: All resin composites showed fewer internal gaps with preheating compared with the conventional placement (p&lt;0.05). For all resin composites other than SF2, preheating provided fewer internal gaps than that of the sonic placement (p&lt;0.05). Sonic placement led to fewer internal gaps compared with the conventional placement, but only for SF2 and FBR (p&lt;0.05). For the conventional placement, the lowest gap percentage was observed with the incremental resin composite (CMP, p&lt;0.05). Among all groups, the lowest gap percentages were observed for preheated VCB followed by sonically inserted SF2 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The best internal adaptation was observed in sonically inserted SF2 and preheated VCB, which were the manufacturers’ recommended insertion techniques. Preheating considerably improved the internal adaptation of all resin composites, except for that of SF2.

Stress distribution of different lumbar posterior pedicle screw insertion techniques: a combination study of finite element analysis and biomechanical test

At present, the pedicle screw is the most commonly used internal fixation device. However, there are many kinds of common posterior pedicle screw insertion techniques performed to reconstruct the lumbar stability. Therefore, spinal surgeons often face a difficult choice. The stress distribution of internal fixation system is an important index for evaluating safety. Unfortunately, little had been known about the difference of stress distribution of screw-rod systems that established by Roy-Camille, Magerl and Krag insertion techniques. Here, combination of finite element analysis and model measurement research was adopted to evaluate the difference of stress. Following different pedicle screw insertion techniques, three lumbar posterior surgery models were established after modeling and validation of the L1–S1 vertebrae finite element model. By analyzing the data, we found that stress concentration phenomenon was in all the postoperative models. Roy-Camille and Magerl insertion techniques led to the great stress on screw-rod systems. Then, fresh frozen calf spines were selected as a model for subsequent measurements. Fitted with a specially designed test pedicle screw, L5–L6 vertebrae were selected to repeat and verify the results of the finite element analysis. With the aid of universal testing machine and digital torque wrench, models simulated flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation. Finally, the strain value was captured by the strain gauge and was then calculated as the stress value. Krag and Magerl were found to be the safer choice for pedicle screw insertion. Overall, our combination method obtained the reliable result that Krag insertion technique was the safer approach for pedicle screw implantation due to its relatively dispersive stress. Therefore, without the consideration of screw size, pedicle fill, bone density, and bone structures, we recommend the Krag insertion technique as the first choice to reconstruction of lumbar stability. Additionally, the combination method of finite element analysis and strain gauge measurement can provide a feasible way to study the stress distribution of spinal internal fixation.

Calculation Methods of Solution Chemical Potential and Application in Emulsion Microencapsulation

Several new biased sampling methods were summarized for solution chemical potential calculation methods in the field of emulsion microencapsulation. The principles, features, and calculation efficiencies of various biased Widom insertion sampling methods were introduced, including volume detection bias, simulation ensemble bias, and particle insertion bias. The proper matches between various types of solution in emulsion and biased Widom methods were suggested, following detailed analyses on the biased insertion techniques. The volume detection bias methods effectively improved the accuracy of the data and the calculation efficiency by inserting detection particles and were suggested to be used for the calculation of solvent chemical potential for the homogeneous aqueous phase of the emulsion. The chemical potential of water, argon, and fluorobenzene (a typical solvent of the oil phase in double emulsion) was calculated by a new, optimized volume detection bias proposed by this work. The recently developed Well-Tempered(WT)-Metadynamics method skillfully constructed low-density regions for particle insertion and dynamically adjusted the system configuration according to the potential energy around the detection point, and hence, could be used for the oil-polymer mixtures of microencapsulation emulsion. For the macromolecule solutes in the oil or aqueous phase of the emulsion, the particle insertion bias could be applied to greatly increase the success rate of Widom insertions. Readers were expected to choose appropriate biased Widom methods to carry out their calculations on chemical potential, fugacity, and solubility of solutions based on the system molecular properties, inspired by this paper.

A current guide to airway management in prehospital patient care

A patent airway linking the nose and mouth with the lungs is essential to life. In emergency care, individuals may experience airway difficulties for many reasons including major trauma, airway inflammation and altered consciousness. Airway management is therefore a core skill for paramedics and other practitioners working in prehospital care. This article reviews the anatomy and physiology of the airway before moving on to consider causes of airway obstruction. A look-listen-feel approach to airway assessment is described, followed by a discussion of techniques used to clear, open and maintain the airway. Commonly used airway devices including oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and supraglottic airways are evaluated, and their indications and insertion techniques discussed. The use of endotracheal intubation by paramedics is also evaluated.

A guide to airway management

A patent airway linking the nose and mouth with the lungs is essential to life. Critically ill people often experience airway difficulties for reasons including alterations in consciousness, the use of sedating medications, and inflammatory changes within the airway. Airway management is therefore a core skill for any clinician caring for critically ill people. This article briefly reviews the anatomy and physiology of the airway before moving on to consider causes of airway obstruction. A look-listen-feel approach to airway assessment is described, followed by a discussion of techniques used to clear, open and maintain the airway. Commonly used airway devices including oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal and supraglottic airways are evaluated, and their indications and insertion techniques discussed. The role of the endotracheal tube in the critically ill person is also considered.

Effects of practitioner’s experience on the clinical performance of ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization: a randomized trial

We investigated whether two needle insertion techniques for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization differ in the number of needling attempts and complication rate between inexperienced and experienced practitioners. A total of 308 patients requiring IJV catheterization were randomly assigned into one of four groups: IJV catheterization performed by inexperienced practitioners using either Seldinger (IE-S; n = 78) or modified Seldinger technique (IE-MS; n = 76) or IJV catheterization performed by experienced practitioners using either Seldinger (E-S; n = 78) or modified Seldinger technique (E-MS; n = 76). All catheterizations were performed under the real-time ultrasound guidance. The number of needling attempts was not significantly different between the two techniques within each experience group (between IE-S vs. IE-MS P = 0.550, between E-S and E-MS P = 0.834). Time to successful catheterization was significantly shorter in the E-S group compared to E-MS group (P < 0.001) while no significant difference between IE-S and IE-MS groups (P = 0.226). Complication rate was not significantly different between the two techniques within each experience group. Practitioner’s experience did not significantly affect the clinical performance of needle insertion techniques during ultrasound-guided IJV catheterization except the time to successful catheterization. Regarding the number of needling attempts and complication rate, both techniques could be equally recommended regardless of practitioner’s experience.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03077802).