Health Care for Children of Migrant Families

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-740
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Seasonal Farm Workers

Migrant and seasonal/farm workers constitute a major portion of the labor force in the American food industry. By harvesting and processing farm crops, they contribute positively to agricultural communities and the American economy. Currently, the office of Migrant Health estimates that nationwide there are between 3 and 5 million migrant and seasonal farm workers and dependents. The average annual income for migrant and seasonal farm workers is well below the poverty level (US Dept of Health and Human Services, unpublished data, 1988). Because health care insurance is invariably beyond the reach of migrant family budgets, and employers of farm workers rarely provide health care benefits for their employees, these families are usually uninsured. In some cases, these families lack US citizenship or are in this country illegally, which complicates obtaining health care for their children. Medicaid enrollment is also complicated by migration because aliens must meet eligibility requirements in each state to which they migrate, and only US citizens are eligible. Because of their income and mobile life-style, migrant worker families often find that comprehensive child health care (health maintenance, anticipatory guidance, and preventive medicine) essentially is not available. Migrating families must seek health care whenever it is available. This results in a pattern of service that usually is fragmented and ad hoc. Migration not only interrupts continuity of care but it also contributes to a lack of knowledge about a community's health services and/or jeopardizes eligibility for these services by conflicting with residency requirements. Other problems that delay or prevent access to health care for the children of migrant families include language barriers and differences in culture.

Health Care for Children of Farmworker Families

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Migrant And Seasonal Farmworkers ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Seasonal Farmworkers ◽  
Wage Earners

Migrant and seasonal farmworkers constitute a major portion of the labor force in the American agricultural industry. By harvesting and processing farm crops, they contribute positively to farm communities and the American economy. In 1988, the Office of Migrant Health estimated that nationwide migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their dependents numbered between 3 and 5 million.1 The majority of farmworkers are married and/or have children. Only 10% to 25% of farmworkers are estimated to be unauthorized workers. The average annual income for migrant and seasonal farmworkers is well below the poverty level despite the prevalence of families with two wage earners. Although most farmworker families qualify for some type of public assistance, only 18% actually receive it.2 Because health care insurance is invariably beyond the reach of farmworker family budgets, and employers of farmworkers rarely provide health care benefits for their employees, these families are usually uninsured. In some cases, these families lack US citizenship or are in this country illegally, further limiting access to health care for their children. Medicaid eligibility is complicated by migration, because different eligibility requirements must be met in each state. Because of their income level, lack of insurance, and mobile lifestyle, families of farmworkers often find that comprehensive child health care (health maintenance, anticipatory guidance, and preventive medicine) is essentially unavailable. Additionally, recent changes in immigration policy and economic developments have resulted in a rapid growth of population that is not parallelled by the growth of health care facilities. Other problems that delay or prevent access to health care for the children of farmworker families include language barriers and differences in culture.

scholarly journals Physical Injuries and Burns among Refugees in Lebanon: Implications for Programs and Policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Al-Hajj ◽  
Moustafa Moustafa ◽  
Majed El Hechi ◽  
Mohamad A. Chahrour ◽  
Ali A. Nasrallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
P Value ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Physical Injuries

Background: Refugees are prone to injury due to often austere living conditions, social and economic disadvantages, and limited access to health care services in host countries. This study systematically quantified the prevalence of physical injuries and burns among the refugee community in Western Lebanon and examined injury characteristics, risk factors and outcomes. Method: We conducted a cluster-based population survey across 21 camps in the Bekaa region of Lebanon from February to April 2019. A modified version of the Surgeons Overseas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) tool v 3.0 was administered to the head of the refugee household and documented all injuries sustained by family members over the last 12 months. Descriptive and univariate regression analyses were performed to understand the association between variables. Results: 750 heads of household were surveyed. 112 (14.9%) household sustained injuries in the past 12 months, 39 of which (34.9%) reported disabling injuries that affected their work and daily living. Most injuries occurred inside the tent (29.9%). A burn was sustained by at least one household member in 136 (18.1%) households. The majority (63.7%) of burns affected children under 5 years and were mainly due to boiling liquid (50%). Significantly more burns were reported in households where caregivers have the inability to lockout children while cooking (25.6% vs 14.9%, p-value=0.001). Similarly, households with unemployed head significantly had more reported burns (19.7% vs 13.3%, p-value=0.05). Nearly 16.1% of injured refugees were unable to seek health care due to lack of health insurance coverage and financial liability. Conclusion: Refugees suffer injuries and burns with substantial human and economic repercussions on individuals, their families and the host healthcare system. Resources should be allocated to designing safe camps and implementing educational and awareness programs with special focus on heating and cooking methods.

scholarly journals Iran's Health Tourism Market during and after the Corona Pandemic and: Letter to the editor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojjat Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Arab ◽  
Jalal Saeedpour ◽  
Ghasem Rajabi Vasokolaei ◽  
Hiwa Mirzaii
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

The importance of maintaining and restoring health has always made human beings seek health care. Lack of proper access to health care, price and quality differences, as well as other factors among different countries have led to the formation of a long-standing industry called health tourism. Outbreak of coronavirus throughout the world has shocked and affected most countries. In this regard, the health tourism market of Islamic Republic of Iran was no an exception and was affected by this crisis. To meet this challenge, stakeholders of the health tourism market should determine their recession during this period, strengthen their weaknesses, and use the available opportunities. In this study, we intended to investigate effect of the coronavirus prevalence on the health tourism market of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

A Review of Data on the Health Sector of the United States January 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Hellander
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Maintenance Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Care Systems

This report presents data on the state of U.S. health care at the end of 2001. It provides information on access to health care, inequalities in incomes and medical care, the increasing costs of health care and health insurance, and the role of corporate money in the provision of health care and the development, marketing, and patenting of pharmaceuticals. The author also looks at the state of health maintenance organizations, the results of some recent surveys on physicians' and public opinion on managed care, and news about the nursing professions. Also provided is an update on Congressional activity on health care legislation, the role of health care industry money in politics, and some developments in health care systems elsewhere in the world.

scholarly journals Medicaid Expansion and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care: Applying the National Academy of Medicine Definition of Health Care Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802199129
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Dominic Hodgkin ◽  
Michael P. Johnson ◽  
Frank W. Porell
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Since 2014, 32 states implemented Medicaid expansion by removing the categorical criteria for childless adults and by expanding income eligibility to 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for all non-elderly adults. Previous studies found that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion improved rates of being insured, unmet needs for care due to cost, number of physician visits, and health status among low-income adults. However, a few recent studies focused on the expansion’s effect on racial/ethnic disparities and used the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) disparity approach with a limited set of access measures. This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of Medicaid expansion on racial/ethnic disparities in access to health care for U.S. citizens aged 19 to 64 with income below 138% of the federal poverty line. The difference-in-differences model compared changes over time in 2 measures of insurance coverage and 8 measures of access to health care, using National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2010 to 2016. Analyses used the NAM definition of disparities. Medicaid expansion was associated with significant decreases in uninsured rates and increases in Medicaid coverage among all racial/ethnic groups. There were differences across racial/ethnic groups regarding which specific access measures improved. For delayed care and unmet need for care, decreases in racial/ethnic disparities were observed. After the ACA Medicaid expansion, most access outcomes improved for disadvantaged groups, but also for others, with the result that disparities were not significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Health and Socio-economic Implications of Poverty in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (29) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Sacchidanand Majumder ◽  
Soma Chowdhury Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Chronic Fever ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The objective of this study was to explore the influences of the health and socio-economic factors associated with the poverty level of households in Bangladesh, through an analysis of data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). A total of all 12,240 households was considered in this study. CBN method was applied for estimating poverty of the household. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors that influence the household’s poverty. The results showed that the probability of the household being poor was higher when the household’s head suffered from various chronic diseases like chronic fever, injuries/disability, eczema, leprosy, and asthma/breathing trouble as compared to the household whose head didn’t suffer from any chronic diseases. From the analysis, it was also found that when a large number within household suffered from any chronic disease, the probability of the household being poor was increased. The household that had no access to health care was poorer than the household that had access to health care. The results also showed that with increased investment in health, the probability of the household being poor was decreased. The results showed that rural households were poorer than urban households. Monthly income, land ownership, construction materials of walls and roofs, types of the latrine, source of drinking water, household size; age, sex, and employment status of the household’s head all had a significant impact on the poverty level of the household.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and International Labor Migration in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Philip Martin
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Seasonal Farm Workers

Two thirds of the 272 million international migrants in 2019 were employed in the destination country. Demographic and economic inequalities between countries, combined with globalization that reduced barriers to migrants, were expected to continue to increase the number of international migrant workers. Covid-19 closed many national borders to non- essential travelers, with limited exceptions. Seasonal farm workers were one of the notable exceptions, suggesting that many governments do not expect local workers to fill seasonal farm jobs despite record-high unemployment rates. For agriculture, the longer term effects of the pandemic include faster mechanization, more guest workers, and rising imports. Responses are likely to vary by commodity and be shaped by government policies. This article provides a review of the distribution and activities of the world’s 164 million international migrant workers in 2017, including the 111 million in high-income countries. The analysis focuses on the North American migrant worker and the differences between their integration in the agricultural industries. American agricultural systems are integrating in the sense that Canadian blueberries, Mexican avocados and U.S. meat trade freely, but the farm workforces in each country are increasingly Mexican.

scholarly journals Migrant health situation when detained in European immigration detention centres: a synthesis of extant qualitative literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Van Hout ◽  
Cassie Lungu-Byrne ◽  
Jennifer Germain
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Purpose Many migrants are detained in Europe not because they have committed a crime but because of lack of certainty over their immigration status. Although generally in good physical health on entry to Europe, migrant detainees have complex health needs, often related to mental health. Very little is known about the current health situation and health care needs of migrants when detained in European immigration detention settings. The review aims to synthesize the qualitative literature available on this issue from the perspectives of staff and migrants. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertook a synthesis of extant qualitative literature on migrant health experience and health situation when detained in European immigration detention settings; retrieved as part of a large-scale scoping review. Included records (n = 4) from Sweden and the UK representing both detainee and staff experiences were charted, synthesised and thematically analysed. Findings Three themes emerged from the analysis, namely, conditions in immigration detention settings, uncertainties and communication barriers and considerations of migrant detainee health. Conditions were described as inhumane, resembling prison and underpinned by communication difficulties, lack of adequate nutrition and responsive health care. Practical implications It is crucial that the experiences underpinning migration are understood to respond to the health needs of migrants, uphold their health rights and to ensure equitable access to health care in immigration detention settings. Originality/value There is a dearth of qualitative research in this area because of the difficulty of access to immigration detention settings for migrants. The authors highlight the critical need for further investigation of migrant health needs, so as to inform appropriate staff support and health service responses.

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