Children With Self-Injurious Behavior

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Hyman ◽  
Wayne Fisher ◽  
Marianne Mercugliano ◽  
Michael F. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Individuals With Mental Retardation

Self-injurious behavior is a serious problem that is not uncommon among individuals with mental retardation. Medical and developmental characteristics of 97 children, adolescents, and young adults (age range 11 months to 21 years, 11 months) assessed and treated for self-injurious behavior in a specialized, interdisciplinary inpatient unit between 1980 and 1988 were reviewed. This population differed from those reported in previous studies in that it was of school age and predominantly community based. Severe or profound mental retardation was present in 82.5% of our patients. The causative diagnoses associated with self-injurious behavior were similar to those of severe mental retardation alone. Associated disabilities represented at greater than expected frequencies included pervasive developmental disorders, visual impairment, and a history of infantile spasms. Most patients (81.4%) engaged in more than one type of self-injurious behavior. The most common topographies were head banging, biting, head hitting, body hitting, and scratching. Physical injury was documented in 77% of cases; the injuries most frequently reported were excoriations, scars/callus formation, hematomas, and local infection. As community placement of handicapped individuals continues to increase, pediatricians will be called upon to monitor patients who engage in self-injurious behavior.

PREVALENCE OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN A PEDIATRIC OUTPATIENT CLINIC POPULATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-929
Author(s):  
Sonya Oppenheimer ◽  
Pearl Whitman ◽  
Hedy Rutman ◽  
Kirsten Werrenrath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
School Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Clinic Population

For a period of 4 weeks, all children coming to the pediatric outpatient clinics at Babies and Childrens Hospital were screened for possible mental retardation. On the basis of history and clinical observation, 125 were referred to a special diagnostic team. Of these, 68 proved to have measured intelligence below 75 which gives an over-all prevalence rate for this clinic population of 9.4%. This is higher than previously reported prevalence rates indicating that this is a high-risk population. The results of this investigation contrasted with the results of other surveys in that (1) the number of severely retarded nearly approximated the number of mildly retarded (42.6 compared with 57.4%); (2) a definite medical diagnosis was established in the majority of cases 54.4%); and (3) the cases were fairly evenly distributed over the total age range with about 10% prevalence in the children under the age of 5 years. A high percentage (nearly 42%) of the school-age clinic children of normal intelligence had a history of academic failure. Mental retardation is presented as a modifiable symptom rather than a disease which must follow a predetermined course. The children identified as retarded by this survey may not be permanently handicapped but they are assumed to have special needs. The implications for pediatric management and preventive services are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Mortality of babies enrolled in a community-based support programme: CONI PLUS (Care of Next Infant Plus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J Waite ◽  
Robert C Coombs ◽  
Angela McKenzie ◽  
Charlotte Daman-Willems ◽  
Marta C Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Age Range

ObjectiveTo report mortality in babies enrolled on a community-based programme, Care of Next Infant Plus (CONI PLUS), which primarily supports parents anxious because of previous sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in their extended family or following an apparent life threatening event (ALTE) in their baby.DesignProspective observational study from 1996 to 2010 in the UK.ResultsOf 6487 babies enrolled, 37 died (5.7 per 1000). There were 2789 (43.0%) SUDI related babies of whom, six died suddenly and unexpectedly (2.15 per 1000). Four babies were sharing a sofa at night or a bed with parent(s) who smoked or had consumed alcohol. Of the 1882 (29.0%) babies enrolled following an ALTE, five died suddenly and unexpectedly (2.66 per 1000): four unexplained and one due to infection. None occurred while sharing a sleep surface, and at least three died during the day. The remaining 1816 (28%) babies were enrolled for other reasons. Seven died suddenly and unexpectedly (3.85 per 1000), two were unexplained and none associated with bed sharing.ConclusionsThe number of SUDI deaths in babies enrolled on CONI PLUS is higher than expected from UK averages. Deaths in babies enrolled because of family history of SUDI were mostly associated with inappropriate sharing of a sleep surface at night and mostly outside the peak age range for sudden infant death. The opposite is true for those enrolled following an ALTE. The number of deaths is small but findings suggest a different mechanism for death in these two groups.

scholarly journals A clinical study of phenomenology in subjects with pervasive developmental disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Chaudhari ◽  
Vivek Agarwal ◽  
Prabhat Sitholey
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Atypical Autism

Background: Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) are group of developmental disorder with impairments in interaction, communication and behaviour. The study aims to explore the phenomenological aspects of subjects with PDD.Methods: Patients in Psychiatry outpatient department (OPD), presented with impairment in social- interaction, language, communication and mental retardation were assessed for features of PDD by applying Developmental Behaviour Check List (DBCL), ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research and Multi-Axial version of ICD-10. The subjects were assessed for severity of PDD on Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).Results: Total number of screened positive cases were 20, in which males were over-represented (90%). Majority belonged to urban locality (65%) and nuclear family (75%). Cases of childhood autism were found in all age groups, while childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett’s disorder and atypical autism were found in younger subjects. No family history of PDD was found in 1st degree relatives of PDD subjects. Five subjects (25%) had birth and perinatal complication.Conclusions: The mean age at presentation of the children with PDD was 8.12 years. Eighty percent (80%) of the subjects had severe autism on CARS.  Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity were present in 90%, 80% and 45% of subjects respectively.

Fragile X Syndrome: Recognition in Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Aaron Simko ◽  
Lusia Hornstein ◽  
Shirley Soukup ◽  
Nancy Bagamery
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Nasal Bridge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Findings

In recent years, a number of articles have appeared in the literature concerning the fragile X syndrome; however, in few cases was the diagnosis of the syndrome in young children discussed. A review of 20 children younger than 7½ years of age who had the fragile x syndrome seen at the Cincinnati Center of Developmental Disorders was undertaken in an attempt to establish guidelines that would aid the practicing physician in determining which children should have a chromosomal analysis. All children were developmentally delayed; 95% had speech delays. Short attention span with hyperactivity, temper tantrums, mouthing of objects persisting at an age beyond when it would be expected, autistic behaviors, and poor gross motor coordination were seen in 50% or more of the children. Mental retardation was present in the family history of 65%, and 90% had a family history of at least one of the following mental retardation, learning disabilities, or hyperactivity. The most common physical findings were long and/or wide and/or protruding ears, prominent jaw and/or long face, high arched palate, and a flattened nasal bridge. The fragile x syndrome can be recognized by noting key aspects of the behavioral and family histories as well as the physical findings.

Challenging Behaviour in People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Assessment and Intervention Team

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S475-S475
Author(s):  
K. Courtenay ◽  
S. Jaydeokar
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Community Based ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
Age Range

ObjectivesPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) present with behaviours that challenge community services. Community models of care as alternatives to hospital care exist but are often vary in their function. Certain strategies have been developed to manage challenging behaviour in people with ID. Data from a three-year period on a community-based service for people with ID and challenging behaviour that uses an objective, multi-disciplinary approach is presented.MethodsA case note survey of adults with ID under the care of the Assessment and Intervention Team (AIT), a challenging behaviour service in the London Borough of Haringey.ResultsOver the three-year period, 65 adults were managed by AIT. Forty-four were male and 21 were female. The age range was 21–64 years of age. The level of ID was mild ID 61%, moderate 39%. Diagnoses included psychotic disorder (25%); mood disorder (20%); developmental disorder (40%); dementia (10%); challenging behaviour (45%). Six people (11%) were admitted to hospital during their time with AIT. The length of care under AIT ranged from four to fourteen months.ConclusionsAIT managed effectively people with ID living in the community who presented with complex problems putting their placement at risk. The rate of hospital admission was reduced in this period compared with the previous three years. The length of stay in in-patient services was reduced. The most common reasons for the behaviours included mental illness and ‘challenging behaviour’. People with developmental disorders were a large proportion. Community alternatives are effective with positive benefits to the person.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Speech and Prosody Characteristics of Adolescents and Adults With High-Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Rhea Paul ◽  
Jane L. McSweeny ◽  
Ami Klin ◽  
Donald J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asperger Syndrome ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Age Range

Speech and prosody-voice profiles for 15 male speakers with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and 15 male speakers with Asperger syndrome (AS) were compared to one another and to profiles for 53 typically developing male speakers in the same 10- to 50-years age range. Compared to the typically developing speakers, significantly more participants in both the HFA and AS groups had residual articulation distortion errors, uncodable utterances due to discourse constraints, and utterances coded as inappropriate in the domains of phrasing, stress, and resonance. Speakers with AS were significantly more voluble than speakers with HFA, but otherwise there were few statistically significant differences between the two groups of speakers with pervasive developmental disorders. Discussion focuses on perceptual-motor and social sources of differences in the prosody-voice findings for individuals with Pervasive Developmental Disorders as compared with findings for typical speakers, including comment on the grammatical, pragmatic, and affective aspects of prosody.

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