Slow Prepubertal Linear Growth but Early Pubertal Growth Spurt in Patients With Shunted Hydrocephalus

Objective. To evaluate growth and to compare anthropometric measures and the degree of physical maturation in children with shunted hydrocephalus with those in healthy children. Methods. One hundred fourteen patients (62 male) and 73 healthy subjects (38 male) 5 to 20 years of age were analyzed for growth data and current auxology, stage of puberty, and bone age. Results. Boys with hydrocephalus were shorter than control boys during their first 8 years of age, and no catch-up growth was observed until puberty. Girls with hydrocephalus were of the same size at birth as the control girls, but their linear growth retarded during the first years of life, leading to reduced relative height between the age of 5 to 8 years. The pubertal growth spurt occurred earlier in boys with hydrocephalus (age at midgrowth spurt, 12.1 vs 13.3 years), and a similar trend was seen in girls (10.0 vs 10.7 years). The final height was again reduced, especially in boys. Patients with hydrocephalus were more obese than control subjects, girls more often than boys. Relative bone age was retarded in prepubertal (-0.42 vs 0.32 SD) and accelerated in pubertal patients (0.54 vs -0.19 SD). Conclusions. Children with hydrocephalus experience slow linear growth in prepuberty, but they have an earlier adolescent growth spurt. Together these factors result in a reduced final height. An increase in relative weight emerges in the preadolescent period, and this phenomenon is accentuated after puberty, leading to an increased prevalence of obesity.

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Bone Age at Onset of Pubertal Growth Spurt and Final Height in Normal Children

Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1297/cpe.4.129 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mari Satoh ◽

Toshiaki Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Final Height ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Bone Age ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Normal Children ◽

Pubertal Growth

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Prepubertal urinary estrogen excretion and its relationship with pubertal timing

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00374.2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 299 (6) ◽

pp. E990-E997 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lijie Shi ◽

Thomas Remer ◽

Anette E. Buyken ◽

Michaela F. Hartmann ◽

Philipp Hoffmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pubertal Timing ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Breast Development ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Estrogen Production

Whether prepubertal estrogen production impacts on the timing of puberty is not clear. We aimed to investigate prepubertal 24-h estrogen excretion levels and their association with early and late pubertal markers. Daily urinary excretion rates of estrogens of 132 healthy children, who provided 24-h urine samples 1 and 2 yr before the start of the pubertal growth spurt [age at takeoff (ATO)], were quantified by stable isotope dilution/GC-MS. E-sum3 (estrone + estradiol + estriol) was used as a marker for potentially bioactive estrogen metabolites and E-sum5 (E-sum3 + 16-epiestriol + 16-ketoestradiol) for total estrogen production. Pubertal outcomes were ATO, age at peak height velocity (APHV), duration of pubertal growth acceleration (APHV-ATO), age at Tanner stage 2 for pubic hair (PH2), genital (G2, boys) and breast (B2, girls) development, and age at menarche. Prepubertal urinary estrogen excretions (E-sum3 and E-sum5) were not associated with ATO, APHV, and age at PH2 but with duration of pubertal growth acceleration ( P < 0.01) in both sexes. Girls with higher E-sum3 reached B2 0.9 yr ( P = 0.04) and menarche 0.3 yr earlier ( P = 0.04) than girls with lower E-sum3. E-sum3 was not associated with age at G2 in boys ( P = 0.6). For most pubertal variables, the associations with E-sum3 were stronger than with E-sum5. In conclusion, prepubertal estrogens may not be critical for the onset of the pubertal growth spurt but are correlated with its duration in both boys and girls. Prepubertal estrogen levels may already predict the timing of girls' menstruation and breast development but do not appear to affect sexual maturation in boys.

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Age of onset of a normally timed pubertal growth spurt affects the final height of children

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/pr.2015.104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 351-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yehuda Limony ◽

Sławomir Kozieł ◽

Michael Friger

Keyword(s):

Age Of Onset ◽

Final Height ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth

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Management of Puberty for Optimal Auxological Results in β-Thalassaemia Major

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2001-s205 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (s2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manuela Caruso-Nicoletti ◽

V. De Sanctis ◽

L. Cavallo ◽

G. Raiola ◽

L. Ruggiero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Stature ◽

Final Height ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Height Gain

AbstractShort stature is present in a significant percentage of patients affected by β-thalassaemia major. Growth failure of patients with thalassaemia is multifactorial. The most important contribution is attributed to the toxic effect desferrioxamine and to endocrine disorders, due to iron overload. The commonest endocrine complication is hypogonadism. The growth pat- tern of patients with thalassaemia is characterized by normal growth during childhood, a deceleration of growth velocity around age 9-10 years, and a reduced pubertal growth spurt. In addition, reduced growth of the trunk is often present. Short stature and short trunk are more evident at pubertal age. Hypogonadism is usually considered responsible for the pubertal growth failure, as well as the aggravation of body disproportion at pubertal age. However, data suggest that pubertal height gain and final height are reduced in both patients with spontaneous puberty and patients with induced puberty. It is concluded that several aspects of peripubertal growth in patients with thalassaemia remain to be clarified.

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Body Mass Index and Height in the Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measures Study

Neurology Genetics ◽

10.1212/nxg.0000000000000638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. e638

Author(s):

Maya Patel ◽

Ashley McCormick ◽

Jaclyn Tamaroff ◽

Julia Dunn ◽

Jonathan A. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Body Mass ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Friedreich Ataxia ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Pubertal Growth ◽

Z Scores ◽

Reference Cohort

Background and ObjectivesBody mass index (BMI) and height are important indices of health. We tested the association between these outcomes and clinical characteristics in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), a progressive neuromuscular disorder.MethodsParticipants (N = 961) were enrolled in a prospective natural history study (Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measure Study). Age- and sex-specific BMI and height Z-scores were calculated using CDC 2000 references for participants younger than 18 years. For adults aged 18 years or older, height Z-scores were also calculated, and absolute BMI was reported. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses tested the associations between exposures, covariates, and BMI or height measured at the baseline visit. In children, the superimposition by translation and rotation analysis method was used to compare linear growth trajectories between FRDA and a healthy reference cohort, the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (n = 1,535 used for analysis).ResultsMedian age at the baseline was 20 years (IQR, 13–33 years); 49% (n = 475) were women. A substantial proportion of children (17%) were underweight (BMI-Z < fifth percentile), and female sex was associated with lower BMI-Z (β = −0.34, p < 0.05). In adults, older age was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.09, p < 0.05). Regarding height, in children, older age (β −0.06, p < 0.05) and worse modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS) scores (β = −1.05 for fourth quartile vs first quartile, p < 0.01) were associated with shorter stature. In girls, the magnitude of the pubertal growth spurt was less, and in boys, the pubertal growth spurt occurred later (p < 0.001 for both) than in a healthy reference cohort. In adults, in unadjusted analyses, both earlier age of FRDA symptom onset (=0.09, p < 0.05) and longer guanine-adenine-adenine repeat length (shorter of the 2 GAA repeats, β = −0.12, p < 0.01) were associated with shorter stature. Both adults and children with higher mFARS scores and/or who were nonambulatory were less likely to have height and weight measurements recorded at clinical visits.DiscussionFRDA affects both weight gain and linear growth. These insights will inform assessments of affected individuals in both research and clinical settings.

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STEROIDAL INDUCTION OF THE PREMATURE GROWTH SPURT IN PREPUBERTAL BOYS FOR EXCESSIVE HEIGHT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0500317 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 317-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. James Whitelaw ◽

Thomas N. Foster ◽

William H. Graham

Keyword(s):

Linear Growth ◽

Final Height ◽

Bone Age ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Sex Characteristics ◽

Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽

Growth Increase ◽

Genital Development ◽

Anabolic Therapy ◽

Prepubertal Boys

ABSTRACT Five prepubertal males ranging in age from 8–11 and whose estimated heights were all over 195 cm were treated by the induction of a premature puberty with testosterone oenanthate 200 mg twice monthly for 9 months in 4 and 5 months in one. During the first 8 months their linear growth increase ranged between 13.7 and 6.4 cm. There was also a corresponding sharp increase in weight of as much as 17.24 kg in one patient. The bone age advanced 51 months in a 9 year old boy, while in the eldest, age 11, the advance was only 24 months. There is a definite lag in the radiological evidence of epiphyseal acceleration for the first 3–4 months of anabolic therapy. After discontinuation of therapy, evidence of acceleration may persist for a like period. The final height of 4 boys is far under the estimated height on the Bayley table, the fifth is still not determined. Genital development and secondary sex characteristics were noted after the first month of therapy. The growth spurt induced by testosterone oenanthate duplicated that normally seen in the 12–14 year old boy. There is no psychic disturbance by the induction of puberty.

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Pubertal growth of 1,453 healthy children according to age at pubertal growth spurt onset. The Barcelona longitudinal growth study

Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.anpede.2018.01.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

Antonio Carrascosa ◽

Diego Yeste ◽

Antonio Moreno-Galdó ◽

Miquel Gussinyé ◽

Ángel Ferrández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Growth ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Growth Study ◽

Pubertal Growth

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Estimation of Pubertal Growth Spurt Parameters in Children and Adolescents Living at Moderate Altitude in Colombia

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.718292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Antonio Cossio-Bolaños ◽

Ruben Vidal-Espinoza ◽

Juan Minango-Negrete ◽

Pedro R. Olivares ◽

Luis Urzua-Alul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Final Height ◽

Peak Height ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Moderate Altitude ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Pubertal Growth Spurt ◽

Peak Height Velocity ◽

Pubertal Growth

ObjectiveKnowledge of the biological parameters of pubertal growth spurt allows verification of secular changes and exploration of the timing of puberty. The aim of the study was to estimate final height, age at peak height velocity (APHV), and peak height velocity PHV (cm/y) in children and adolescents living at moderate altitude in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was designed in 2.295 schoolchildren from Bogotá (Colombia) with an age range from 5.0 to 18.9 years. Height (cm) was assessed. Preece–Baines model 1 (1PB) was used to make inferences about mathematical and biological parameters.ResultsThe five mathematical parameters estimated in general have reflected quality in the fit to the model, reflecting a small residual error. Final height was reached in boys at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm and in girls at 157.9 ± 0.2 cm. APHV was estimated at 12.71 ± 0.1 years in boys and 10.4 ± 0.2 years in girls. Girls reached APHV 2.2 years earlier than boys. In relation to PHV (cm/y), boys reached higher growth speed in height (7.4 ± 0.4 cm/y), and in girls it was (7.0 ± 0.2 cm/y).ConclusionIt was determined that final height was reached at 170.8 ± 0.4 cm in boys and 157.9 ± 0.2 cm in girls, and APHV (years) and PHV (cm/ye) were reached relatively early and with average peak velocity similar to Asian and Western populations. A large-scale longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.

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Growth and development in girls with Turner's syndrome during early therapy with low doses of estradiol

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.112s157 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S157-S163 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K.W. KASTRUP ◽

_ _

Keyword(s):

Growth Velocity ◽

Final Height ◽

Bone Age ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

First Year ◽

Turner's Syndrome ◽

Turner’S Syndrome ◽

Early Therapy ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Early therapy with a low dose of estrogen (estradiol-17β) was given to 33 girls with Turner's syndrome (T.s.) for a period of 4 years. The dose (0.25-2 mg/day) was adjusted every 3 months to maintain plasma estradiol in the normal concentration range for bone age. Growth velocity was compared with that of untreated girls with T.s. All girls were above age 10 years. Bone age was below 10 years in 11 girls (group I) and above 10 years in 22 girls (group II). Growth velocity in the first year of treatment in group I 7.5 ± 1.3 cm (SD) with mean SD score (SDS) of +4.3 and in group II 4.9 ± 1.3 with mean SDS of +3.5. Growth velocity decreased in the following years to 1.6 ± 1.0 cm, SDS -1.44 in group I and 0.9 ± 0.6cm, SDS -2.34 in group II during the fourth year. Withdrawal bleeding occurred in 16 girls of group II after the mean of 23 (range 15-33) months and in 3 girls of group I after 15 to 51 months of treatment. The treatment did not cause an inappropriate acceleration of pubertal development. Breast development appeared in most girls by 3 months of treatment. Pubic hair appeared by 12 months of treatment in group I; it was present in most girls in group II at start of treatment. Final height is known for 12 girls of group II; it was 144.2 ± 4.5 cm. The final height as predicted at the start of therapy was 142.2 ± 5.3 cm. Bone age advanced in the first year of treatment by 2 years. Early treatment with small doses of estrogens induces a growth spurt and normalizes the events of puberty. This will presumably decrease the psychological risks associated with abnormally delayed development.

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