Alopecia in Children: The Most Common Causes

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Atton ◽  
Walter W. Tunnessen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Historical Pattern

The differential diagnosis of alopecia in the pediatric age group is simplified by the fact that 90% to 95% of the cases are caused by four major entities: alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, tinea capitis, and trichotillomania. Careful examination of the scalp, hair, and historical pattern of the loss will usually be rewarded by the correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Abhishek Patel ◽  
Srinivasa K. ◽  
Manjunath G. A.
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Background: The incidence of malaria is on the raise in Raichur district of Karnataka in the recent years and there is not much studies on malaria from this region. A hospital and community-based study was conducted to know the species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district and to know the efficacy of rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria, against the gold standard ‘Microscopic examination’ of thick and thin smear.Methods: Blood samples from 676 children with clinical suspicion of malaria were tested by PBS study and RDT. Differentiation of malaria parasite is based on antigenic differences between pLDH isoforms. Results from the RDT were compared to those obtained by PBS.Results: A total of 302 (44.67%) samples were positive by PBS method of which 54 (8.0%) are Plasmodium falciparum, 248 (36.9%) are Plasmodium vivax and, while 218 (32.2%) were positive by RDT 37 (5.5%) Plasmodium falciparum, 181 (26.8%) Plasmodium vivax.  In present study the overall incidence of Plasmodium vivax in Raichur district is 36.69% and Plasmodium falciparum incidence is 7.99% and none of the samples have tested positive for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species among the study group.   The RDT showed sensitivities of 53.70% and 66.13% and specificities of 98.71% and 96.03%, respectively for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.Conclusions: Plasmodium vivax species remains the most common malarial parasite among the positive case by PBS method in Raichur district, but the incidence of plasmodium falciparum is on the rise which is a matter of concern. The RDT method has a low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malaria since the identification of the four-parasite species is not possible. The careful examination of a well-prepared and well-stained blood film currently remains the "gold standard" for malaria diagnosis.

scholarly journals Tuberculous scleritis in a young Asian Indian girl—a case presentation and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lagan Paul ◽  
Manisha Agarwal ◽  
Shalini Singh ◽  
Prashant Katre ◽  
Aman Sumeet Arora
Keyword(s):  
Female Child ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Posterior Scleritis ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Anterior Scleritis ◽  
Infectious Scleritis

AbstractScleritis is the severe painful inflammation of the sclera, which can be infectious or non-infectious. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of infectious scleritis. TB, though endemic in countries like India, is rare in pediatric age group. We report a case of a 9-year-old female child who presented with bilateral non-necrotizing anterior scleritis with unilateral posterior scleritis secondary to TB. To our knowledge, this is a rare presentation in pediatric age group, and she is the youngest of few cases of tuberculous posterior scleritis reported in literature.

scholarly journals Colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis in a 6-year-old girl – A case report and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-327
Author(s):  
Reshma M ◽  
G. Sathibai Panicker ◽  
Reeba Mary Issac
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Neural Origin

Ganglioneuroma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare mesenchymal tumor of neural origin, especially in childhood. They are categorized into three different morphological subtypes, namely, polypoid ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuromatous polyposis (GP), and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. Patients with ganglioneuromas have different presentations depending on the location, extent, and size of the lesion. We report here a case of colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis, presenting as abdominal pain and chronic constipation in a 6‑year‑old girl. Although GP cases are reported in adult age group, cases in pediatric age group are rare. Only a few cases are reported in the literature of GP in the pediatric age group. Although rare, this disorder must be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis in every patient with symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, and lower intestinal bleeding, to avoid a delayed diagnosis.

Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Talus in a Child: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Okay ◽  
Yavuz Yıldız ◽  
Tarık Sarı ◽  
Ayse Nur Toksoz Yildirim ◽  
Korhan Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽  
Radiological Healing

Background Primary Rosai-Dorfman disease of bone is a rare disorder. Radiologic and clinical evaluation is insufficient in differentiating malignancy from these lesions. Methods We present a talar lesion in a 17-month-old boy who presented with deterioration in gait pattern, limping, pain, and swelling of the left ankle of 4-months' duration. Curettage and demineralized bone matrix grafting were performed. Results At 1 year after surgery, complete clinical and radiological healing was obtained. Conclusions Primary RDD of bone may present a diagnostic challenge. The condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of lytic or lucent lesions of the skeleton. Curettage and grafting provide satisfactory outcomes in talar RDD lesion in the pediatric age group.

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Children: Study of Five Cases and Review of the Literature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-923
Author(s):  
Alfred Sisto ◽  
Patricia Feldman ◽  
Laurent Garel ◽  
Ernest Seidman ◽  
Pierre Brochu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Young Infants

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in five children is described and 78 cases in the pediatric age group are reviewed. In 24% of the cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis is not associated with an underlying disease and may appear to be prolonged cholestasis of infancy. When an associated condition is present, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, in particular ulcerative colitis, is most common (47%). Histiocytosis X and a variety of immune disorders account for 15% and 10% of cases, respectively. Primary sclerosing cholangitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease in the pediatric age group, even in young infants. Results of this survey demonstrate that neither clinical features nor liver function tests are reliable diagnostic predictors, that histologic changes are often nonspecific, and that cholangiography is essential to establish the correct diagnosis.

Atypical Osteoid Osteoma of sacral region in pediatric age group: a case report

2017 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
Sakshi Dewan ◽  
Naveen Bhardwaj ◽  
Mir Aziz ◽  
Shilpa Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Sacral Region ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Congenital Lumbar Hernia in an 8-Month-Old Boy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mansy ◽  
Mostafa Kotb ◽  
Mohamed Abouheba
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Lumbar Hernia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Operative Repair ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Organ Systems

Congenital lumbar hernias are uncommonly seen in the pediatric age group, with only about 60 cases reported in the literature. It is usually accompanied by a multitude of congenital anomalies involving different organ systems of the body. For instance, it may involve the ribs, spine, muscles, and the kidneys. Herein, we report a case of congenital lumbar hernia in an 8-month-old boy who underwent an operative repair using a mesh with an uneventful outcome.

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