Species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district, India

Background: The incidence of malaria is on the raise in Raichur district of Karnataka in the recent years and there is not much studies on malaria from this region. A hospital and community-based study was conducted to know the species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district and to know the efficacy of rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria, against the gold standard ‘Microscopic examination’ of thick and thin smear.Methods: Blood samples from 676 children with clinical suspicion of malaria were tested by PBS study and RDT. Differentiation of malaria parasite is based on antigenic differences between pLDH isoforms. Results from the RDT were compared to those obtained by PBS.Results: A total of 302 (44.67%) samples were positive by PBS method of which 54 (8.0%) are Plasmodium falciparum, 248 (36.9%) are Plasmodium vivax and, while 218 (32.2%) were positive by RDT 37 (5.5%) Plasmodium falciparum, 181 (26.8%) Plasmodium vivax. In present study the overall incidence of Plasmodium vivax in Raichur district is 36.69% and Plasmodium falciparum incidence is 7.99% and none of the samples have tested positive for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species among the study group. The RDT showed sensitivities of 53.70% and 66.13% and specificities of 98.71% and 96.03%, respectively for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.Conclusions: Plasmodium vivax species remains the most common malarial parasite among the positive case by PBS method in Raichur district, but the incidence of plasmodium falciparum is on the rise which is a matter of concern. The RDT method has a low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malaria since the identification of the four-parasite species is not possible. The careful examination of a well-prepared and well-stained blood film currently remains the "gold standard" for malaria diagnosis.

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Alopecia in Children: The Most Common Causes

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.12.1.25 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Andrew V. Atton ◽

Walter W. Tunnessen

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Common Causes ◽

Historical Pattern

The differential diagnosis of alopecia in the pediatric age group is simplified by the fact that 90% to 95% of the cases are caused by four major entities: alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, tinea capitis, and trichotillomania. Careful examination of the scalp, hair, and historical pattern of the loss will usually be rewarded by the correct diagnosis.

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Prevalence Of Plasmodium Falciparum And P. Vivax Infection In Malaria Patients Of Matiranga, Khagrachhari

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9747 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Rubayet Elahi ◽

Hamida Khanum ◽

Mohammad Shafiul Alam ◽

Shariar Mustafa ◽

Milka Patracia Podder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Severe Form ◽

Malarial Parasite ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Age Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Different Growth Stages ◽

Group 1

The investigation was performed to study the different growth stages of malarial parasite found in the peripheral blood of malaria patients of Matiranga, Khagrachhari. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) was used to screen positive patient. The early trophozoite stages were measured 1.3 ? 1.6 μm, late trophozoites 2.5 ? 2.9 μm in diameter, microgametes 9?10 μm by 2 ? 3 μm and macrogametes 11 ? 12 μm by 2 ? 3 μm for Plasmodium falciparum. The early trophozoites 2.2 ? 3.0 μm and late trophozoites 3.3 ? 5.0 μm in diameter for Plasmodium vivax were measured. The patients of age group 1 (0 ? 10 years) were more (25%) vulnerable to the severe malaria (++++), which was 10% of the total infection, while only 10% patients of age group 2 (> 10 years) were suffering from severe form, only 0.6% of the total infection. In age group 1 (0 ? 10 yrs), + infection was 30%, ++ was 40% and +++ was 5%. In age group 2 (> 10 years), + infection was 26.66%, ++ 56.67% and +++ 6.67%, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9747 DUJBS 2012 21(1): 79-85

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Pseudoeosinophilia with Abnormal WBC Scattergram: an Important Diagnostic Clue on Hematology Analyzer

Nepalese Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/nmj.v4i2.41920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 502-505

Author(s):

Swathi C Prabhu ◽

Anita Tahlan ◽

Shreya Sharma ◽

Sarabmeet S Lehl

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Malaria Diagnosis ◽

Blood Film ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Malarial Parasite ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Peripheral Smear ◽

Peripheral Blood Film ◽

Significant Burden ◽

Diagnostic Clue

Malaria is one of the most common parasitic diseases causing a significant burden on health care, especially in India. Light microscopy, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis is time-consuming especially in a setup where the caseload is high and parasite index is low. Knowledge of abnormal scattergrams by the malarial parasite is very essential to suspect malaria and screen those cases thoroughly on a peripheral smear for accurate diagnosis. A timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial to the prognosis of this disease. Herein, we report a case of a 40-year-old male from Punjab who presented to the emergency with fever and an altered sensorium. Analyzer showed characteristic pseudo eosinophilia with greying of neutrophil eosinophil zone with double eosinophil cluster. According to flagging rules because of eosinophilia, peripheral blood film (PBF) was made and examined, which revealed Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes.

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Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in an infant with adrenocortical virilizing tumor

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802002000300007 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 120 (3) ◽

pp. 87-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marcos Tobias-Machado ◽

Jairo Cartum ◽

Telma Murias Santos-Machado ◽

Heloísa Amaral Gaspar ◽

Alexandre Sibanto Simões ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Laparoscopic Resection ◽

Adrenal Tumors ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽

Design Case

CONTEXT: Adrenocortical virilizing tumors are rare in the pediatric age group. Laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard method for treatment of adrenal functional tumors under 6 cm in size, in adults. There has been very little use of laparoscopy in children and there is no report of its application in the treatment of adrenal carcinoma in childhood. DESIGN: Case report. CASE REPORT: We performed the first laparoscopic resection using retroperitoneal access for the treatment of an adrenocortical virilizing tumor in a pediatric patient. We believe that retroperitoneoscopic access is a viable and promising option for the treatment of adrenal tumors in children.

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Basic Electroencephalogram and It Is Common Clinical Applications in Children

10.5772/intechopen.94247 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raafat Hammad Seroor Jadah

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Main Indication ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Ancillary Test ◽

Electrical Impulses ◽

The Brain

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neurophysiological study that monitors electrical activity of the brain. EEG is an essential investigational tool to analyze and record electrical impulses of the brain and considered to be the gold standard electrophysiological test which can be used to help diagnose epilepsy. EEG can also be used to diagnose and evaluate other conditions such as sleep disorders, neurometabolic diseases with encephalopathy and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is also an essential ancillary test in other conditions such as brain death assessment. However, it is essential not to entirely rely on EEG for an absolute diagnosis of epilepsy as the main indication of EEG in general and in Pediatric age group in particular is to categorize different types of seizure and epilepsy syndromes for further evaluation and management.

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Identification of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax on digital image of thin blood films gf

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp933-944 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 933

Author(s):

Hanung Adi Nugroho ◽

Made Satria Wibawa ◽

Noor Akhmad Setiawan ◽

E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati ◽

Ratna Lestari Budiani Buana

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Malaria Diagnosis ◽

Texture Features ◽

Support Vector ◽

Nearest Neighbour ◽

Multi Layer Perceptron ◽

Mlp Classifier

Observing presence of Plasmodium parasite of stained thick or thin blood films through microscopic examination is a gold standard for malaria diagnosis. Although the microscopic examination has been extensively used, misidentification might occur caused by human factors. In order to overcome misidentification problem, several studies have been conducted to develop a computer-aided malaria diagnosis (CADx) to assist paramedics in decision-making. This study proposes an approach to identify species and stage of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax on thin blood films collected from the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Adaptive k-means clustering is applied to segment Plasmodium parasites. A total of 39 features consisting of shape and texture features are extracted and then selected by using wrapper-based forward and backward directions. Classification is evaluated in two schemes. The first scheme is to classify the species of parasite into two classes. The second scheme is to classify the species and stage of parasite into six classes. Three classifiers applied are k-nearest neighbour (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Furthermore, to facilitate the multiclass classification, one-versus-one (OVO) and one-versus-all (OVA) methods are implemented. The first scheme achieves the accuracy of 88.70% based on MLP classifier using three selected features. While the accuracy gained by the second scheme is 95.16% based on OVO and MLP classifier using 29 selected features. These results indicate that the proposed approach successfully identifies the species and stage of parasite on thin blood films and has potential to be implemented in the CADx system for assisting paramedics in diagnosing malaria.

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Atypical Osteoid Osteoma of sacral region in pediatric age group: a case report

European Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.24911/ejmcr/1/7 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 28-31

Author(s):

Shashi Sharma ◽

Sakshi Dewan ◽

Naveen Bhardwaj ◽

Mir Aziz ◽

Shilpa Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Osteoid Osteoma ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Sacral Region ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Group A

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Congenital Lumbar Hernia in an 8-Month-Old Boy

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000511006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 431-435

Author(s):

Mohamed Mansy ◽

Mostafa Kotb ◽

Mohamed Abouheba

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Lumbar Hernia ◽

The Body ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Operative Repair ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Organ Systems

Congenital lumbar hernias are uncommonly seen in the pediatric age group, with only about 60 cases reported in the literature. It is usually accompanied by a multitude of congenital anomalies involving different organ systems of the body. For instance, it may involve the ribs, spine, muscles, and the kidneys. Herein, we report a case of congenital lumbar hernia in an 8-month-old boy who underwent an operative repair using a mesh with an uneventful outcome.

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