scholarly journals Prognostic markers of canine mammary tumours: Retrospective study of 142 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
M. S. Kovalenko ◽  
D. D. Bilyi ◽  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. N. Maslikov ◽  
N. I. Suslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Due to relevance of the problem, prediction of biological behaviour of neoplasias in mammary glands of dogs requires using contemporary approaches to the study, first of all, of ways of dissemination of tumour cells. One of them is studying the mechanisms of migration of cancer cells out of the neoplasm tissues with further dissemination and development of metastatic sites in the regional lymphatic nodes and remote tissues. We studied the survival period of bitches with tumours of the mammary glands following regional or unilateral mastectomy. Among malignant mammary tumours in bitches, the most often diagnosed were single tumours (57.5%), which histologically were classified to carcinomas – ductal (26.9%) and mixed type (21.9%). Probability of intratumoral invasion to blood vessels equaled 12.0%, to lymph vessels – 7.8%, lymph nodes – 12.8%. It depends on the histological type of the tumour, the most aggressive potentially being сomedocarcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Parameters of life expectancy and survival level after mastectomy depend on clinical stage of the disease (increase in the stage from the first to the third was characterized by decrease from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 9.4 ± 7.8 months), presence of angio/lymphatic invasions, presence of angiolymphatic invasion, but had no correlation with the size of the tumours. An important predictor of tumour-related death of dogs suffering neoplasias of the mammary glands is index vet-NPI, which has significant correlation with the clinical stage according to Owen and median survival. In particular, median survival in patients with the index lower than 4 exceeded the corresponding values in dogs with the index above 4 by 1.3 times. A promising direction of further research would be studying biological mechanisms of development of tumour emboli in the blood and lymph vessels, metastatic sites in lymph nodes, and also determining their role in pathogenesis of canine mammary tumours.

scholarly journals Analysis of prognostic factors for feline mammary tumours (overview information)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Dmytro Bilyi ◽  
Alona Hierdieva ◽  
Maksym Herhaulov ◽  
Viacheslav Vakulyk
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
High Level

An analysis of the results of modern studies on the importance of clinical and pathomorphological factors as predictors of feline mammary tumours is presented. The urgency of the problem of predicting the development of cancer in this species is conditioned by the possibility of their use as biological models in human medicine, high level of incidence, significant share in the distribution of malignant types of tumours, and controversial issues of etiology and pathogenesis. Despite significant developments in the study of causal relationships with regard to mammary neoplasms, the use of different methodological approaches to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tumours, often in combination with insufficient sampling in groups does not allow to objectively assess the degree of malignancy and invasive potential both in a particular animal and in a group of patients, and therefore – to predict their behaviour. Generalization of available information on the peculiarities of the clinical course and pathomorphological changes in mammary tumours is necessary for further formation of a unified register of neoplasms in cats, which will be the basis for better understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, identification of promising biological targets, development and clinical implementation of pathogenetically based effective protocols for the treatment and prevention of cancer in cats. The lack of a unified approach to the verification of neoplasions makes it difficult, and in some cases impossible, to use cancer such predictors as histologic type, tumour size, clinical stage, angio- and lymphoinvasion, patient life expectancy and recurrence-free period as independent predictive factors. A large amount of clinical material has been accumulated, mainly presented in a descriptive form, without correlation with other causative factors. Along with the indicated predictors of carcinogenesis, in recent years, the role of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the mechanisms of development and progression of feline mammary tumors has been actively studied, the influence on which allows obtaining a complex (multidirectional) therapeutic effect. Prospects for further research are the unification of clinical and pathomorphological diagnostic criteria and the establishment of a database of cats with cancer

Malignant Lymphoplasmacytoid Lymphomas. Clinical and Evolutive Data

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
B. Hoerni ◽  
C. Meugé ◽  
H. Eghbali ◽  
A. De Mascarel ◽  
M. Durand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cure Rate

A series of 31 cases of malignant lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (excluding Waldenstrom disease) is analyzed. Two-thirds of the patients initially had localizations elsewhere than in the lymph nodes and presented clinical stage I or II. The median survival is around 4 years and is particularly favorable for stage I and II patients who have received an association of radiotherapy and systematic chemotherapy; the estimated «cure rate » for these patients is around 80 %.

Canine Malignant Mammary Tumours I. Sarcomas

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Misdorp ◽  
E. Cotchin ◽  
J. F. Hampe ◽  
A. G. Jabara ◽  
J. von Sandersleben
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cystosarcoma Phyllodes ◽  
Stromal Sarcoma ◽  
Mammary Tumours

Forty-five canine mammary sarcomas that had metastasized were pooled from several institutes, studied, and classified. The classification was based on morphology and did not include any histogenetic interpretation. In addition, one case was studied by histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Canine mammary sarcomas often have multidifferentiation (bone, cartilage, and fat) which is not unusual in human mammary sarcomas. Sarcomas resembling (malignant) cystosarcoma phyllodes in women appear to be very rare in the dog. Canine fibrosarcomas had a morphological resemblance to ‘stromal’ sarcoma or ‘fibrosarcoma’ in the woman. Five sarcomas without infiltrative growth, anaplasia, or mitotic activity had metastasized. In dogs and women the lungs are often involved by metastases, but, unlike in the human, metastases in the regional lymph nodes are also relatively common in the dog. There is need for further studies on the histogenesis and biological behaviour of mammary sarcomas.

PREOPERATIVE SPECT-CT VISUALIZATION OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODES IN PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL CANCER: PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Sergey Kanaev ◽  
M. Bisyarin ◽  
Pavel Krzhivitskiy ◽  
I. Berlev ◽  
Sergey Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Iliac Region ◽  
Internal Iliac

Purpose: to determine preoperative SPECT-CT localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in women with cervical cancer. Materials and methods: SPECT-CT visualization of SLN was performed in 44 women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer. SPECT-CT examinations started 120-240 min after peritumoural injections of 99mTc-radiocolloids (200-300MBq in 0.4-1ml). All visualized LNs with uptake of radiocolloids were regarded as SLN. In all women we determined topography of SLN and lymph-flow patterns. Results: SLN were successfully visualized in 93.1% cases (41/44 women). The bilateral pattern of lymph flow was mentioned in 26 (63.4%), monolateral - in 15 (36.5%) cases. SLN localized in external iliac region in 25 (60.9%), internal iliac - in 14 (34.1%), obturator - in 22 (53.6%), presacral - in 1 (2.4%), common iliac region - in 21 (53,8%) cases. Uptake of radiocolloids in paraaortal lymph nodes was mentioned in 14 (34.1%) women Conclusion: SPECT-CT visualization of SLN can give important information for surgery and radiotherapy planning.

scholarly journals New insights in the expression of stromal caveolin 1 in breast cancer spread to axillary lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Scatena ◽  
Giovanni Fanelli ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Michele Menicagli ◽  
Paolo Aretini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that a loss of expression of caveolin in the stromal compartment (sCav-1) of human invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) may be a predictor of disease recurrence, metastasis and poor outcome. At present, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of sCav-1 at the metastatic sites. We therefore studied sCav-1 expression in IBCs and in their axillary lymph nodes to seek a correlation with cancer metastasis. 189 consecutive invasive IBCs (53 with axillary lymph node metastases and 136 without) were studied by immunohistochemistry, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Cav-1 antibody. In IBCs sCav-1 was evaluated in fibroblasts scattered in the tumor stroma whereas in lymph nodes sCav-1 was assessed in fibroblast-like stromal cells. For the first time, we observed a statistically significant progressive loss of sCav-1 from normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors limited to the breast to metastatic axillary lymph nodes, through normal/reactive axillary lymph nodes of tumors with axillary metastatic spread. These data indicate that Cav-1 expressed by the stromal compartment of lymph nodes, somehow, may possibly contribute to metastatic spread in IBC.

scholarly journals Intra-mammary lymph nodes, an overlooked breast cancer prognostic tool?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Hashem ◽  
Ahmed Abdelmoez ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Rozeka ◽  
Hazem Abdelazeem
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Surgical Data

Abstract Background Due to the high variability of incidence and prevalence of intra-mammary lymph nodes (IMLNs), they might be overlooked during clinical and radiological examinations. Properly characterizing pathological IMLNs and detecting the factors that might influence their prevalence in different stages of breast cancer might aid in proper therapeutic decision-making and could be of possible prognostic value. Methods Medical records were reviewed for all breast cancer patients treated at the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University between 2013 and 2019. Radiological, pathological, and surgical data were studied. Results Intra-mammary lymph nodes were described in the final pathology reports of 100 patients. Five cases had benign breast lesion. Three cases had phyllodes tumors and two cases had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). All ten cases were excluded. The remaining 90 cases all had invasive breast cancer and were divided into two groups: one group for patients with malignant IMLNs (48) and another for patients with benign IMLNs (42). Pathological features of the malignant IMLN group included larger mean tumor size in pathology (4.7 cm), larger mean size of the IMLN in pathology (1.7 cm), higher incidence of lympho-vascular invasion (65.9%), and higher rate of extracapsular extension in axillary lymph nodes (57.4%). In addition, the pathological N stage was significantly higher in the malignant IMLN group. Conclusion Clinicians frequently overlook intra-mammary lymph nodes. More effort should be performed to detect them during preoperative imaging and during pathological processing of specimens. A suspicious IMLN should undergo a percutaneous biopsy. Malignant IMLNs are associated with advanced pathological features and should be removed during surgery.

Appropriate Extent of Lymphadenectomy in Segmentectomy: A Multicenter Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Handa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsutani ◽  
Takahiro Mimae ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyata ◽  
Hiroyuki Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Oncological Outcome ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Stage Ia ◽  
Group 5

Abstract Background The significance of lymphadenectomy is yet to be fully examined in segmentectomy. We compared the oncological outcomes of mediastinal lymph node dissection (LND) and hilar LND for lung cancer treated with segmentectomy via a multicenter database using propensity score-matched analysis. Methods We reviewed 357 clinical stage IA radiologically solid-dominant lung cancer patients who underwent segmentectomy with lymphadenectomy. The extent of LND was classified into systematic/lobe-specific mediastinal LND and hilar LND only groups. Postoperative results after segmentectomy with mediastinal LND (n = 179) and hilar LND (n = 178) were analyzed for all patients and their propensity score-matched pairs. Results Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free interval (RFI) rates for the mediastinal LND group were determined to be not significantly different compared with the hilar LND group in all non-adjusted cohorts. In the propensity score-matched cohort (129 pairs), mediastinal LND harvested more lymph nodes compared with hilar LND, and both groups had significantly different pathological stages (P = 0.015). Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 10 (7.8%) patients in the mediastinal LND group and 4 (3.1%) in the hilar LND group. The mediastinal LND group tended to have better prognosis than the hilar LND group (5-year CSS rates, 97.4% vs 93.2%; 5-year RFI rates, 93.5% vs 88.5%). Conclusions Mediastinal LND was found to provide more appropriate pathological staging compared with hilar LND in patients with segmentectomy by harvesting more lymph nodes. In addition, mediastinal LND might lead to better oncological outcome than hilar LND in segmentectomy.

Incidence and treatment of feline renal lymphoma: 27 cases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2098436
Author(s):  
Ashlyn G Williams ◽  
Ann E Hohenhaus ◽  
Kenneth E Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hematopoietic Malignancy ◽  
Renal Lymphoma ◽  
Multicentric Lymphoma

Objectives Lymphoma is the most common feline hematopoietic malignancy. Incidence of renal lymphoma has not been reported as a subset of a large population of feline lymphoma cases. Previous studies have reported renal lymphoma as both a singular entity as well as a component of multicentric disease. The clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, therapy and outcomes related to renal lymphoma have not been reported since Mooney et al in 1987. This retrospective study aimed to describe the incidence of renal lymphoma, clinical signs, treatment and survival. Methods Using a database of cats diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2008 and October 2017, cats with renal lymphoma were selected for further analysis. Cases were retrospectively staged according to Mooney et al (1987) and Gabor et al (1998). Data collected included age, clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic imaging findings, lymphoma diagnostic method(s), treatment protocol(s) and survival time. Analyses comparing median survival based on therapy administered, renal lymphoma vs multicentric lymphoma, central nervous system involvement, presence of azotemia, anemia and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage at diagnosis were performed. Results From a population of 740 cats with lymphoma, 27 cats had renal lymphoma (incidence, 3.6%), and 14 of those cats had multicentric lymphoma. Fewer stage IV and V cases were identified in this data set compared with Mooney et al; however, not all cats were completely staged. Median survival (range) for cats receiving corticosteroids alone compared with those receiving an L-CHOP (L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisolone)-based protocol was 50 days (20–1027 days) in the corticosteroid group and 203 days (44–2364 days) for the L-CHOP group ( P = 0.753) for cats that died secondary to lymphoma. Conclusions and relevance Neither clinical stage nor other factors were predictive of survival. Prospective studies are required to determine the optimal chemotherapy protocol.

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