scholarly journals Analysis of prognostic factors for feline mammary tumours (overview information)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Dmytro Bilyi ◽  
Alona Hierdieva ◽  
Maksym Herhaulov ◽  
Viacheslav Vakulyk
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Degree Of Malignancy ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
High Level

An analysis of the results of modern studies on the importance of clinical and pathomorphological factors as predictors of feline mammary tumours is presented. The urgency of the problem of predicting the development of cancer in this species is conditioned by the possibility of their use as biological models in human medicine, high level of incidence, significant share in the distribution of malignant types of tumours, and controversial issues of etiology and pathogenesis. Despite significant developments in the study of causal relationships with regard to mammary neoplasms, the use of different methodological approaches to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tumours, often in combination with insufficient sampling in groups does not allow to objectively assess the degree of malignancy and invasive potential both in a particular animal and in a group of patients, and therefore – to predict their behaviour. Generalization of available information on the peculiarities of the clinical course and pathomorphological changes in mammary tumours is necessary for further formation of a unified register of neoplasms in cats, which will be the basis for better understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, identification of promising biological targets, development and clinical implementation of pathogenetically based effective protocols for the treatment and prevention of cancer in cats. The lack of a unified approach to the verification of neoplasions makes it difficult, and in some cases impossible, to use cancer such predictors as histologic type, tumour size, clinical stage, angio- and lymphoinvasion, patient life expectancy and recurrence-free period as independent predictive factors. A large amount of clinical material has been accumulated, mainly presented in a descriptive form, without correlation with other causative factors. Along with the indicated predictors of carcinogenesis, in recent years, the role of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the mechanisms of development and progression of feline mammary tumors has been actively studied, the influence on which allows obtaining a complex (multidirectional) therapeutic effect. Prospects for further research are the unification of clinical and pathomorphological diagnostic criteria and the establishment of a database of cats with cancer

scholarly journals Prognostic markers of canine mammary tumours: Retrospective study of 142 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
M. S. Kovalenko ◽  
D. D. Bilyi ◽  
P. M. Skliarov ◽  
S. N. Maslikov ◽  
N. I. Suslova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Due to relevance of the problem, prediction of biological behaviour of neoplasias in mammary glands of dogs requires using contemporary approaches to the study, first of all, of ways of dissemination of tumour cells. One of them is studying the mechanisms of migration of cancer cells out of the neoplasm tissues with further dissemination and development of metastatic sites in the regional lymphatic nodes and remote tissues. We studied the survival period of bitches with tumours of the mammary glands following regional or unilateral mastectomy. Among malignant mammary tumours in bitches, the most often diagnosed were single tumours (57.5%), which histologically were classified to carcinomas – ductal (26.9%) and mixed type (21.9%). Probability of intratumoral invasion to blood vessels equaled 12.0%, to lymph vessels – 7.8%, lymph nodes – 12.8%. It depends on the histological type of the tumour, the most aggressive potentially being сomedocarcinoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma and ductal carcinoma. Parameters of life expectancy and survival level after mastectomy depend on clinical stage of the disease (increase in the stage from the first to the third was characterized by decrease from 12.8 ± 9.5 to 9.4 ± 7.8 months), presence of angio/lymphatic invasions, presence of angiolymphatic invasion, but had no correlation with the size of the tumours. An important predictor of tumour-related death of dogs suffering neoplasias of the mammary glands is index vet-NPI, which has significant correlation with the clinical stage according to Owen and median survival. In particular, median survival in patients with the index lower than 4 exceeded the corresponding values in dogs with the index above 4 by 1.3 times. A promising direction of further research would be studying biological mechanisms of development of tumour emboli in the blood and lymph vessels, metastatic sites in lymph nodes, and also determining their role in pathogenesis of canine mammary tumours.

Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 2053-2065
Author(s):  
Ranliang Cui ◽  
Chaomin Wang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Yichao Wang ◽  
Yueguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Combined Detection

Background: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer are increasing annually. Breast cancer seriously threatens women's health and quality of life. We aimed to measure the clinical value of CPN1, a new serum marker of breast cancer and to evaluate the efficacy of CPN1 in combination with CA15-3. Methods: Seventy samples of breast cancer with lymph node metastasis, seventy-three samples of nonmetastatic breast cancer and twenty-five samples of healthy human serum were collected. Serum CA15-3 concentration was determined by Roche Elecsys, and serum CPN1 concentration was determined by ELISA. Results: In breast cancer patients, serum CPN1 concentration was positively correlated with tumour size, clinical stage and CA15-3 concentration (r = 0.376, P<0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal critical concentration of CPN1 for breast cancer diagnosis was 32.8pg/ml. The optimal critical concentration of CPN1 in the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was 66.121pg/ml. CPN1 has a greater diagnostic ability for breast cancer (AUCCA15-3=0.702 vs. AUCCPN1=0.886, P<0.0001) and metastatic breast cancer (AUCCA15-3=0.629 vs. AUCCPN1=0.887, P<0.0001) than CA15-3, and the combined detection of CA15-3 and CPN1 can improve the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer (AUCCA15-3+CPN1=0.916) and for distinguishing between metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer (AUCCA15-3+CPN1=0.895). Conclusion: CPN1 can be used as a new tumour marker to diagnose and evaluate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. The combined detection of CPN1 and CA15-3 is more accurate and has a certain value in clinical application.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Erica Husser ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Marie Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of Cancer: Introduction of New Drugs in the Treatment and Prevention of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6115
Author(s):  
Boris Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Adrenergic Signaling ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Research on the neurobiology of cancer, which lies at the border of neuroscience and oncology, has elucidated the mechanisms and pathways that enable the nervous system to modulate processes associated with cancer initiation and progression. This research has also shown that several drugs which modulate interactions between the nervous system and the tumor micro- and macroenvironments significantly reduced the progression of cancer in animal models. Encouraging results were also provided by prospective clinical trials investigating the effect of drugs that reduce adrenergic signaling on the course of cancer in oncological patients. Moreover, it has been shown that reducing adrenergic signaling might also reduce the incidence of cancer in animal models, as well as in humans. However, even if many experimental and clinical findings have confirmed the preventive and therapeutic potential of drugs that reduce the stimulatory effect of the nervous system on processes related to cancer initiation and progression, several questions remain unanswered. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically evaluate the efficiency of these drugs and to discuss questions that need to be answered before their introduction into conventional cancer treatment and prevention.

Sentinel Lymph Node Molecular Ultrastaging in Patients With Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prognosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1588-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Mocellin ◽  
Dave S.B. Hoon ◽  
Pierluigi Pilati ◽  
Carlo R. Rossi ◽  
Donato Nitti
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Purpose Molecular biology-based ultrastaging of cancer is already part of the standard management of patients with hematologic malignancies, whereas the evidence for solid tumors is much more debated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) –based detection of melanoma cells in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of patients with melanoma represents an appealing prognostic tool. However, no consensus exists on the clinical implementation of this prognostic indicator for the management of these patients. Methods Twenty-two studies enrolling 4,019 patients who underwent SLN biopsy for clinical stage I to II cutaneous melanoma were reviewed. Correlation of PCR status with TNM stage, disease recurrence rates, and survival was assessed by means of association statistics and formal meta-analysis, respectively. Results PCR status correlated with both TNM stage (stage I to II v III; PCR positivity, 95.1% v 46.6%; P < .0001) and disease recurrence (PCR positive v negative; relapse rate, 16.8% v 8.7%; P < .0001). PCR positivity was also associated with worse overall (hazard ratio [HR], 5.08; 95% CI, 1.83 to 14.08; P = .002) and disease-free (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.86 to 6.24; P < .0001) survival. Statistical heterogeneity was significant, underscoring the variability among overall effect estimates across studies; metaregression and subgroup analysis did not identify clear-cut sources of heterogeneity, although some study design variables were suggested as potential causes. Conclusion PCR status of SLN appears to have a clinically valuable prognostic power in patients with melanoma. Although the heterogeneity of the studies so far published warrants caution to avoid overestimating the favorable results of pooled data, our findings strongly support additional investigation in this field.

scholarly journals Associations of serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) with risk factors for progression in nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumours clinical stage 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Dieckmann ◽  
Cansu Dumlupinar ◽  
Arlo Radtke ◽  
Cord Matthies ◽  
Renate Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Purpose Lymphovascular invasion (LV1) and presence of > 50% embryonal carcinoma (> 50% EC) represent risk factors for progression in patients with clinical stage 1 (CS1) nonseminomatous (NS) testicular germ cell tumours. As serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) are capable of detecting small amounts of GCT, we evaluated if LV1 and > 50% EC are associated with M371 levels. Methods M371 serum levels were measured postoperatively in 153 NS CS1 patients and both pre- and postoperatively in 131 patients. We registered the following factors: age, tumour size, LV status, > 50% EC, teratoma in primary, preoperative elevation of classical tumour markers. M371 expression was compared among subgroups. The ability of M371 to predict LV1 was calculated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Multiple regression analysis was used to look for associations of M371 levels with other factors. Results Postoperatively elevated M371 levels were found in 29.4% of the patients, but were neither associated with LV status nor with > 50% EC. Likewise, relative decrease of M371 was not associated. ROC analysis of postoperative M371 levels revealed an AUC of 0.5 for the ability to predict LV1 while preoperative M371 had an AUC of 0.732. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant associations of preoperative M371 levels with LV status (p = 0.003), tumour size (p = 0.001), > 50% EC (p = 0.004), and teratoma component (p = 0.045). Conclusion Postoperatively elevated M371 levels are not associated with risk factors for progression in NS CS1 patients. However, the significant association of preoperative M371 expression with LV1 deserves further evaluation.

Molecular analysis of childhood primitive neuroectodermal tumors defines markers associated with poor outcome.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 2478-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
W G Scheurlen ◽  
G C Schwabe ◽  
S Joos ◽  
J Mollenhauer ◽  
N Sörensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
High Level

PURPOSE The diagnostic and prognostic significance of well-defined molecular markers was investigated in childhood primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using microsatellite analysis, Southern blot analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), 30 primary tumors and six CSF metastasis specimens were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomes 1q31, 6q, 9q22, 10q, 11, 16q22, and 17p13.1 and/or high-level amplification of the c-myc gene. Experimental data were compared with clinical stage and outcome. RESULTS LOH of chromosome 17p13.1 was found most frequently (14 of 30 tumors, six of six CSF metastasis specimens); LOH of chromosomes 10q, 16q22, 11, 6, 9q22, and 1q31 was observed in 20.6%, 20%, 14.3%, 12%, 10%, and 0%, respectively. Eight of 32 tumors and CSF specimens showed amplification of c-myc. All tumors with amplification of c-myc were resistant to therapy and had a fatal outcome (mean survival time, 9.3 months). Tumors that displayed LOH of chromosome 17p were associated with metastatic disease. The prognosis of these tumors was worse only when associated with amplification of c-myc. Three of three patients with LOH of 9q22 relapsed. CONCLUSION In our study, amplification of c-myc was a poor-prognosis marker in PNET. LOH of chromosome 17p was associated with metastatic disease. Molecular analysis of primary tumors using these markers may be useful for stratification of children with PNET in future prospective studies. The other aberrations investigated were not of significant prognostic value, but may provide an entry point for future large-scale molecular studies.

scholarly journals Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cancer Patients. Time for a Change in Paradigm

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz ◽  
Piotr Skalij ◽  
Piotr Tokajuk ◽  
Barbara Politynska ◽  
Anna M. Wojtukiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Selection Of

Thrombosis is a more common occurrence in cancer patients compared to the general population and is one of the main causes of death in these patients. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been the recognized standard treatment for more than a decade, both in cancer-related thrombosis and in its prevention. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a new option for anticoagulation therapy. Recently published results of large randomized clinical trials have confirmed that DOAC may be a reasonable alternative to LMWH in cancer patients. The following review summarizes the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of DOAC in the treatment and prevention of cancer-related thrombosis. It also draws attention to the limitations of this group of drugs, knowledge of which will facilitate the selection of optimal therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document