Biological responses in Musca domestica to fipronil and chlorfenapyr exposures

Insect populations exist under acute and chronic exposures to lethal and sublethal insecticide concentrations. Among the sublethal effects of insecticides on insects are reductions in life span, development rates, population growth, fertility, fecundity, changes in sex ratio, deformities, changes in behaviour, feeding, searching, and oviposition. These effects may differ depending on the modes of action of insecticides, their doses, and developmental stage of application. This study evaluated the life-history parameters in Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera:Muscidae) strains that were exposed to two insecticides (fipronil and chlorfenapyr) with different modes of action at sublethal concentrations in each generation up to tenth. Two approaches to each insecticide’s exposure were used in this study, particularly in one approach, only adults M. domestica were exposed to fipronil or chlorfenapyr and in another approach, only larvae were exposed to each insecticide. The susceptibility of adult flies to these insecticides was assessed by resistance ratio based on results of non-choice feeding bioassays. Fipronil exposure at the sublethal concentration in each generation did not affect the susceptibility of adult M. domestica (in the tenth generation) to fipronil. The resistance ratio values revealed tolerance to chlorfenapyr in adults of M. domestica strains that were exposed to this insecticide, independent of the approach used to insecticide exposure. Most of the life-history parameters (such as durations of separate developmental stages, the emergence duration, the adult emergence ratio, the female ratio, and the number of eggs per female per day) of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth generations of the insecticide-exposed strains were similar to those of the control strain. At the same time, the sublethal effects of both insecticides fipronil and chlorfenapyr prolonged the larval duration (1.63–2.22 times) and the number of days from egg to adult (1.18–1.39 times) compared to the control strain. Further studies are needed to investigate a possible genetic variability in M. domestica in response to exposure of parental generation to sublethal doses of fipronil and chlorfenapyr.

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BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent106785-8 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 106 (8) ◽

pp. 785-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

G. S. Olton ◽

E. F. Legner

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Average Length ◽

Host Density ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Pupal Parasitoid ◽

History Of ◽

Parasitoid Development

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

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Effects of Larval Population Density and Food Type on the Life Cycle of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvaa165 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Meltem Kökdener ◽

Filiz Kiper

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Development Time ◽

Larval Density ◽

Larval Survival ◽

Food Type ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Larval Population ◽

Life History Parameters

Abstract Larval density is an important factor modulating larval resource-acquisition, influencing development of insects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of larval density and substrate content on some life-history parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae). This research was carried out from March 2019 through September 2019 at Animal Physiology Laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. Groups of 25, 100, 200, and 400 newly hatched M. domestica larvae were transferred to a polyethylene cup filled with different substrates (i.e., wheat bran, poultry meal, soybean meal) and kept at 25°C, 62% RH with a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used to analyze the data on the percentage of pupal and larval survival development time, pupal, and adult weight to evaluate the effect of density and rearing substrate. In this study, increasing larval density and nutrient content of food led to changes in the larval and pupal development time of M. domestica. The results also indicated that the weight of pupae and adult survival was negatively affected by increasing larval density. The wheat bran diet was superior to the other diets for all parameters tested. Our study indicated that life history parameters of Musca domestica are affected by the rearing conditions.

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Effect of Different Fruit Developmental Stages and Biochemical Metabolites of Pomegranate (Ponicaceae) on Life History Parameters of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 964-973

Author(s):

Zahra Abedi ◽

Ali Golizadeh ◽

Mahmoud Soufbaf ◽

Mahdi Hassanpour ◽

Ali Jafari-Nodoushan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Ectomyelois Ceratoniae ◽

Life History Parameters ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Abstract Plant–herbivore interactions can be influenced by plant developmental stages. Effects of four different developmental stages of pomegranate fruit (Hazelnut size, Walnut size, Juicy, and Ripe) were investigated on life table parameters, nutritional yield, and energy contents (protein, glycogen, and lipid) of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) under controlled conditions in two pomegranate cultivars, namely Shahvare-Danesefid and Esfahani-Daneghermez as susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively. Biochemical characteristics of the four developmental stages were determined, and a correlation was made with life-history and nutritional responses of E. ceratoniae. Significant differences were observed in developmental time and adult fecundity of E. ceratoniae across various tested stages in both pomegranate cultivars. The highest value of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was found in Juicy and lowest in Hazelnut-size stage of Shahvare-Danesefid. The highest rm value was on Walnut-size and Juicy stages, and the lower rate was obtained from the feeding of E. ceratoniae on Ripe and Hazelnut-size stages in Esfahani-Daneghermez. A higher relative growth rate (RGR) was observed in Juicy (in Shahvare-Danesefid) and Walnut-size stages (in Esfahani-Daneghermez) when compared with other developmental stages tested. Life-history parameters of E. ceratoniae were correlated with biochemical qualities of pomegranate stages. Results indicated Juicy (Shahvare-Danesefid) and Walnut-size stages (Esfahani-Daneghermez) were relatively susceptible pomegranate stages, and Hazelnut-size and Ripe stages were unsuitable for feeding of E. ceratoniae in Shahvare-Danesefid and Esfahani-Daneghermez, respectively. Findings of this research could aid in the development of integrated management programs of E. ceratoniae in pomegranate orchards.

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Inheritance, stability, cross-resistance, and life history parameters of a clothianidin-selected strain of house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116880 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 116880

Author(s):

Rizwan Mustafa Shah ◽

Sarfraz Ali Shad

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Musca Domestica ◽

House Fly ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Life History Parameters

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Influence of Hydrology on Life-History Parameters of Common Freshwater Fishes from Southern Florida

Fact Sheet ◽

10.3133/fs13902 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

William F. Loftus

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Freshwater Fishes ◽

Life History Parameters ◽

Southern Florida

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Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Farnesyl Acetate on Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Norazila Yusoff ◽

Idris Abd Ghani ◽

Nurul Wahida Othman ◽

Wan Mohd Aizat ◽

Maizom Hassan

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Sublethal Effect ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Female Ratio

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the most important pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the properties of selected farnesyl derivative compounds against P. xylostella. The toxicity and sublethal concentration (LC50) of farnesyl acetate, farnesyl acetone, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl chloride, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone were investigated for 96 h. The leaf-dip bioassays showed that farnesyl acetate had a high level of toxicity against P. xylostella compared to other tested farnesyl derivatives. The LC50 value was 56.41 mg/L on the second-instar larvae of P. xylostella. Then, the sublethal effects of farnesyl acetate on biological parameters of P. xylostella were assessed. Compared to the control group, the sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate decreased pupation and emergence rates, pupal weight, fecundity, egg hatching rate, female ratio, and oviposition period. Furthermore, the developmental time of P. xylostella was extended after being exposed to farnesyl acetate. Moreover, the application of farnesyl acetate on P. xylostella induced morphogenetic abnormalities in larval–pupal intermediates, adults that emerged with twisted wings, or complete adults that could not emerge from the cocoon. These results suggested that farnesyl acetate was highly effective against P. xylostella. The sublethal concentration of farnesyl acetate could reduce the population of P. xylostella by increasing abnormal pupal and adults, and by delaying its development period.

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