scholarly journals Morphology of forest ravined soil formation on deluvial loams

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
V. M. Yakovenko ◽  
N. A. Bilova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Individual

The paper establishes the general features of the soil morphogenesis in ravined forests of Dnieper Prysamaria and genetic relationships of forest soils with zonal chernozem under herbaceous associations based on the detection of morphological properties that are «lithogenic», that is inherited from deluvial material and «pedogenic» features formed directly in the forest soil. The study area is located on the Dnieper Prysamaria (Dnipropetrovsk region) within the area of the steppes. The trial areas are incorporated in the upper Deep ravine, located in the upland part of watershed landscape. Catena is represented by five typical sections – between edging of the ravined forest and the field in the middle thirds of the slopes of the northern and southern exposures and in the thalweg of the ravine. Samples for meso-morphological studies were selected by genetic horizons, samples for soil horizons were selected using a soil drill. Basic morphological characteristics were determined in the laboratory (except for the hardness index). The mathematical processing of the results was carried out by methods of nonparametric statistics (method K-means). It was found that, despite the temporal and spatial disorder of deluvial material deposition processes and the differences of the water regime in the thalweg on the slopes, in the ravined biogeocenoses the forest soils are formed with common features of morphological organization of the genetic profile of the individual and morphological properties. The uniformity of the general structure is shown in a set sequence and the power of the genetic horizons, polycyclic and texture eluvial-illuvial differentiation of the genetic profile. The uniformity of the changes in the profile of the individual morphological properties is shown in the form of colour options of genetic horizons (due to humus content talus deposits), changing the particle size distribution of horizons in accordance with the general differentiation profile on eluvial and illuvial (due lessivage) part, changes in the morphology and dimensions of structural units related to changes in the structure of hardness horizons intensive leaching of carbonates from the profile of forest soils. The necessity of research processes clayization profile in situ, their role in the morphogenesis of compacted horizons are noted. There are two groups of properties that make it possible to analyze the micromorphology level communication between the soils in the catena. The first – a lithogenic conditionally or diluvial material properties, which persist for a long time in a forest soil – granulometry and less coloration horizons. The second – a pathogenic properties, sharply differing in the studied soils associated with the peculiarities of morphogenesis of a particular genetic profile and specific genetic horizon. These include the level of occurrence of carbonates in the profile and intensity of effervescence, the morphology of the structural units, the hardness of the genetic horizons, the level of spot colour. Cluster analysis identified a statistically illustrates the differences between the morphological structure of the soil catena, combining in one cluster the ravined soils on deluvial deposits under forest vegetation, and in the other – the soils on the loess under herbaceous vegetation. The contrast of differences increases down the profile.

scholarly journals Distribution of humus in fraction of structural units of gray forest soil of Ranged Pobuzhya

2013 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Denys
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Use

In this work presents the results of the research content of humus light gray and gray forest soils of Ranged Pobuzhya. We characterized the contents of humus in soils of different structural aggregates of agricultural use. Found that with decreasing size of the aggregates the humus content are increases and soil under forest characterized by the best indicators of humus content. Key words: gray forest soils, light gray forest soil, humus, aggregates, structure.

scholarly journals Evaluating agrogenic structurization of soil variants under different application modes in the Forest-Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Bulygin ◽  
O. V. Demydenko ◽  
V. A. Velychko ◽  
M. A. Tkachenko ◽  
S. V. Vitvitskyi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
High Level

Aim. To develop the general normalized statistical model of organizing the structural state of the investigated soils, to determine the vector of direction and criteria of appraising structurization of soil variants in the Forest-Steppe on macro- and microaggregate levels of organization to obtain objective and integral information about the quality status of soil structure and to determine the critical level of degradation, when the residual resistance against the latter is lost. Methods. Field (investigated agrophysical properties of the most common variants in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: gray forest soil, meadow-chernozem soil, typical chernozem), laboratory (air-dried sieving of soil), statistical-analytical (fractal, factor, cluster, non-parametric statistics). Results. The combined study of the change in the state of soil structure in the most common soils in the Forest-Steppe on two hierarchy levels demonstrated the presence of soil-genetic interval in valuable structural units. The appraisal of several distribution series of structural soil units by dimensions in terms of stability using fractal indices and the structurization of agronomically non-valuable fraction of microaggregates of 0.7 and demonstrated the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series, namely, stability or trend. The re-grouping of soil structure constituents occurs by dimensions depending on the soil type, and microaggregates in the amount of 0.25 mm are mostly involved in structural aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and less so in more valuable structural units of >1 mm. Conclusions. It was determined that meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic impact (introduc- tion of mineral fertilizers and treatment methods). Its coeffi cient of macroaggregation was at a high level and in case of sowing perennial grasses with the introduction of fertilizers - at a very high level. Gray forest soil was found to be less resistant to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and typical chernozem was the most susceptible to agrophysical degra- dation: the macroaggregation coeffi cient was at a very low level. The microaggregation coeffi cient increased from typical chernozem to gray forest soil and meadow-chernozem which demonstrated the increase in humus content and biogenicity in the presented series of soil variants

scholarly journals Restoration of fertility of gray forest soil for management of intensive and organic agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
M.A. Tkachenko ◽  
I.M. Kondratiuk ◽  
A.I. Pavlichenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
High Level

The scientific substantiation of the authors on the essence of reproduction of fertility of acid gray forest soils, its types and forms of manifestation, factors of increase and regulation under conditions of intensive and organic agriculture is presented. An in-depth analysis of the amount of humus in loamy soils, a set of agrotechnological measures and patterns aimed at preventing the degradation of acidic gray forest soils and protection of their fertility in the agrocenosis with different technologies for growing crops. The optimal parameters of humus content and reserves and ways to achieve at a consistently high level of basic nutrients in gray forest soils with organic and intensive use are determined. Based on many years of research, the main issues are considered and the effectiveness of action and aftereffects of periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers is proved, and the effectiveness of one and a half dose of ameliorant for long-term intensive mineral load in agrocenosis is substantiated. The comparative productivity of agrocenosis for III and IV rotation on gray forest soil for organic farming is given.

scholarly journals Structural and functional acid-base properties of gray forest soil of Ranged Pobuzhya

2013 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Denys
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Agricultural Use

In this work presents the results of the research of acid-base changes in the structural properties of aggregates in light gray and gray forest soils Ranged Pobuzhya. The present article describes pH of water extract and pH in saline structural units of soils of different agricultural use. Found that with decreasing size of the aggregates decreases acidity. Key words: gray forest soils, light gray forest soil, pH water, pH saline, aggregates, structure.

scholarly journals Technique for preparation thin sections of structural soil aggregates of certain size fractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
V. M. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Large Soil

Morphological properties of poil aggregate aer developed in the process of pedogenesis and reflect the complex of structure formation processes. The peds' size, shape, and internal structure are peculiar to each corresponding soil type and genetic horizon. The technique proposed allows preparing thin sections on every sizes of structural units and, in contrast to known methods, it provides not only a ped immobilization in the mass of fixing material, but also pore space saturation with natural resin. It is also possible to prepare the sections with marking of large aggregates orientation in space; it requires application of gypsum marks on the aggregate surface in the process of their sampling from the soil profile. The technique modified consists of following stages: selection of aggregates with required fractions; preparation of sections with separate aggregates larger than 5 mm; preparation of sections with aggregations smaller than 5 mm. In preparation of aggregates larger than 5 mm, a technique similar to that of preparing large soil block samples is used because it makes possible to process each soil aggregate separately. Another approach is required for processing of structural units up to 5 mm in size because it is impossible to prepare a section of individual issue with this size. The problem is solved when the units are saturated and processed not separately, but as a whole block sample which include a mass with peds of separate fraction. For this purpose, it is required to prepare cups comprised of walls from thick paper and a gypsum bottom. For preparation the caps use a gypsum in the form of fine white powder rapidly solidified in addition of water in a certain proportion and forms a firm bottom of the paper сup. Cut out a square of 4×4 cm in size and a strip from thick paper and glue them together to gain a tube of 5 cm in height and 1.5–2 cm in diameter (i.e. 10×5 cm). Apply on the paper squares a prepared gypsum mass sufficient to retention of the paper tube until gypsum hardening.  Fill a fraction of aggregates into the prepared cup in one-third of its height and cover it with prepared fixing substance with solvent. Saturation is carried out in accordance with the standard technique of section preparing using natural resins (Gagarina, 2004). After complete saturation, paper cups with a mass of aggregates in them turn into monoliths that should be processed in the same way as large soil samples. As a result of all operations, significant number of structural soil aggregates with same sizes may be found within the section plane.

scholarly journals The influence of deluvial processes on macro- and micromorphology of ravined forest soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
V. M. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Profiles

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of deluvial processes on the formation of macro- and micromorphological properties of forest soils on the example of ravined biogeocenoses of Dnieper Prysamarya. Ravined forest biogeocenoses have a long history of development associated with the evolution of land cover in Postpleistocene epoch. One of the factors of soil formation in ravines is deluvial process as a natural phenomenon typical for the landscapes of the present steppes. Ravined forest soils in the catena in the upper reaches of the ravine Glyboky have been studied. They are situated on the upland part of the watershed-gulch landscape in 2 km tonorth of the Andreevka village Novomoskovsk district Dnepropetrovsk region. The methods of macromorphological and micromorphological study of genetic profiles of soils have been used. It is established that ravined forest ecosystems are subjected to intensive influence of deluvial processes, whereby, morphogenesis of ravined soil has a complex peculiar character, which results to theformation of specific morphological properties. It is revealed that the source rock for the forest chernozem on the slopes and formeadow-forest soils of the thalweg are loamy humus deluvial deposits, unlike the ordinary chernozem near the ravines formed on loess rocks. Modern deluvial deposits are the materialof surface horizons of chernozems adjacent to ravine territories. Ravines act as storage ofhumus material of steppe chernozem rendered by adjacent areas. The peculiarities of the morphological structure of the profiles of the soils indicate the intensity of involvement of deluvial material in the processes forest chernozem formation. The different effects of slope processes on the structure of the investigated soil catenahave been revealed. Ordinary chernozem near forest edges have signs of erosion of the surface horizons, while the forest soils of slopes and thalweg are characterized by superpower profile. It is found that the profile of the thalweg and forest soils tends to develop, increasing its power in the two lateral directions: down – thanks to the vertical flow of substances (lessivage, intensive movement of soil invertebrates, the development of the root system); up – the deposition of lessivage material. Deluvial processes connected with lessivage ones as theytransport the new mass of finely divided material into the body of forest soil.

Carbon forms and functions in forest soil. papers from the eighth North American forest soils conferences

Geoderma ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
M.M. Wander
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
North American

scholarly journals Image Simulations of Ge Twin Boundaries.

1992 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Mckernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Twin Boundaries ◽  
Large Unit ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Image Simulations

AbstractGeneral high-angle tilt grain boundaries may be described by an arrangement of repeating structural units. Some grain-boundary defects may also be modeled by the incorporation of structural units of related boundary structures into the boundary. The simulation of these structures requires the use of prohibitively large unit cells. The possibility of modeling these boundaries by the superposition of image simulations of the individual structural units isinvestigated.

scholarly journals Effect of systematic application of mineral fertilizers and long-term aftereffect of liming on the organic matter of light-grey forest soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
N. A. Kodochilova ◽  
T. S. Buzynina ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
E. A. Katerova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The studies on assessment of changes in the content and composition of soil organic matter under the influence of the systematic use of mineral fertilizers (NPK)1, (NPK)2, (NPK)3 against the background of the aftereffect of single liming in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 h. a. (control – variants without fertilizers and lime) were conducted in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region in a long – term stationary experiment on light-grey forest soil. The research was carried out upon comple-tion of the fifth rotation of the eight-field crop rotation. The results of the study showed that for 40 years (from 1978 to 2018) the humus content in the soil (0-20 cm) decreased by 0.19-0.52 abs. % in variants as compared to the original (1.60 %); though, humus mineralization was less evident against the background of long-term use of mineral fertilizers compared to non-fertilized control. The higher humus content in the topsoil was noted in the variants with minimal (NPK)1 and increased (NPK)2 doses of fertilizer – 1.41 and 1.25 %, respectively. The humus content in non-fertilized soil and when applying high (NPK)3 doses of mineral fertilizers was almost identical – 1.08-1.09 %. The predominant group in the composition of humus were humic acids, the content of which in the experiment on average was 37.8 % of the total carbon with an evident decrease from 42.6 % in the control to 31.8% when applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers. The aftereffect of liming, carried out in 1978, was unstable and did not significantly affect the content and composition of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Contrasting Medical and Legal Standards of Evidence: A Precision Medicine Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Marchant ◽  
Kathryn Scheckel ◽  
Doug Campos-Outcalt
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
The Individual

As the health care system transitions to a precision medicine approach that tailors clinical care to the genetic profile of the individual patient, there is a potential tension between the clinical uptake of new technologies by providers and the legal system's expectation of the standard of care in applying such technologies. We examine this tension by comparing the type of evidence that physicians and courts are likely to rely on in determining a duty to recommend pharmacogenetic testing of patients prescribed the oral anti-coagulant drug warfarin. There is a large body of inconsistent evidence and factors for and against such testing, but physicians and courts are likely to weigh this evidence differently. The potential implications for medical malpractice risk are evaluated and discussed.

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