scholarly journals The discovery of structural elements and zones of hydrothermal alterations by using ASTER satellite data in the margins of Gadabay and Murovdag ore districts (Lesser Caucasus, Azerbaijan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-527
Author(s):  
Mamoy I. Mansurov ◽  
Nazim A. Imamverdiyev ◽  
Vagif M. Karimov ◽  
Eyzangul F. Ganbarova ◽  
Turgay J. Damirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Alteration Zone ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Copper Porphyry ◽  
Copper Pyrite ◽  
Lithological Composition

The article considers the discovery of structural elements, zones of hydrothermal alterations and mineralization in the margins of Gadabay and Murovdag regions and the study of prospective areas for mineralization characterized by them by using ASTER satellite data. The main purpose of the research is the definition of the lithological composition of rocks, ring and linear structures and zones of hydrothermal alterations with the help of remote-sensing methods and by better technological development of special radiometric data. In order to detect the lithological composition of associated rocks of alteration zone of endogenous ores, 14 channel data of ASTER has been used. By using stereoscopic images obtained from ASTER data, it was determined that hydrothermal alterations are mainly represented by alunitization, kaolinization, sericitization, silication, pyropilitization and silification in the studied ore regions. These changes were shown to be characteristic for copper-porphyry, gold- copper pyrite, copper-polymetal and gold-copper-porphyry deposits. Strip ratios, principal component analysis (PCA), minimum of noise fraction (MNF) and selection method for least squares (LS) have been used to map hydrothermal alteration zones. The ring structures detected in the area, different fault fractures and lineaments are assessed as favourable geological structural factors for alteration and mineralization. The results obtained by ASTER image analysis confirm the presence of derivative minerals which are considered to be the product of hydrothermal alterations which are densely concentrated (kalium spathization, kaolinization, serictization, pyrophyllitization, alunitization) has been confirmed. The points each with private coordinates have been determined (defined) within separate areas with the help of remote data and relevant anomalous maps prepared. These points are considered favourable geological condition in terms of the type and intensity of hydrothermal alterations in the area. Such areas are considered a sign of indirect search significant for the detection of copper-polymetallic, copper-porphyry, copper-pyrite and gold-pyrite type of mineralization with epithermal origin in the region.

scholarly journals Halogen Chemistry of Hydrothermal Micas: a Possible Geochemical Tool in Vectoring to Ore for Porphyry Copper-Gold Deposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Arifudin Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Alteration Zone ◽  
Porphyry Deposits ◽  
Alteration Zones ◽  
Copper Porphyry ◽  
Copper Gold

Porphyry copper-gold deposit commonly exhibits an extensive alteration zone of hydrothermal micas particularly biotite and sericite. This study is aimed to analyze and utilize the chemistry of halogen fluorine and chlorine of biotite and sericite to be a possible tool in vectoring to ore for copper porphyry deposits. To achieve the objectives, several selected altered rock samples were taken crossing the Batu Hijau copper-gold mine from inner to outer of the deposit, and hydrothermal micas contained by the rocks were analyzed petrographically and chemically. Mineral chemistry was detected by electron microprobe analyzer, whilst biotite is petrographically classified as either magmatic or hydrothermal types. Sericite replacing plagioclase occurred as fine-grained mineral and predominantly associated with argillic-related alteration types. Biotites in the Batu Hijau deposit are classified as phlogopite with a relatively low mole fraction magnesium (XMg) (~0.75) compared to the “typical” copper porphyry deposit (~0.82). The relationship between the XMg and halogen contents are generally consistent with “Fe-F and Mg-Cl avoidance rules”.  F content in biotite and sericite decrease systematically from inner part of the deposit which is represented by early biotite (potassic) zone where the main copper-gold hosted, to the outer part of the deposit. However, chlorine in both biotite and sericite from each of the alteration zones shows a relative similar concentration, which suggests that it is not suitable to be used in identification of the alteration zones associated with strong copper-gold mineralization. H2O content of the biotite and sericite also exhibits a systematic increase outward which may also provide a possible geochemical vector to ore for the copper porphyry deposits. This is well correlated with fluorine content of biotite in rocks and bulk concentration of copper from the corresponding rocks.

scholarly journals Application of a mass movement susceptibility model in the heterogeneous Miocene clastic successions of the Slovenj Gradec Basin, northeast Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ivančič ◽  
Jernej Jež ◽  
Blaž Milanič ◽  
Špela Kumelj ◽  
Andrej Šmuc
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Susceptibility Model ◽  
Lithological Composition ◽  
Geological Research

In Slovenia, mass movements are not only a threat to the population, but also a major environmental and social science challenge. Lithologically heterogeneous areas have been found to be problematic, and the Miocene Slovenj Gradec basin (in northeast Slovenia) is one such area. For this area, we developed landslide and rockfall susceptibility maps based on detailed geological research combined with statistical modeling schemes. Crucial factors include lithological composition, land use, geological structural elements, slope curvature, aspect and inclination, and bed dipping. The approach taken in the development of mass movement susceptibility maps presented here is transferable to other areas defined by heterogeneous lithology. Such maps could prove useful spatial planning, forestry, environmental protection, landscape architecture, and other fields.

scholarly journals Geodynamic and structural factors of porphyritic objects localization in Sikhote-Alin

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Viktor Nevstruyev ◽  
Olga Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Sikhote Alin ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Tectonic Disturbances ◽  
Pacific Slab ◽  
Moho Depths ◽  
Objects Localization

Ore bearing porphyritic systems of Sikhote-Alin form linear zones in Cretaceous volcanic belt. They are limited to zones of tectonic disturbances at Moho depths of 19-25 mi (30-40 km). Pacific slab lies at around 340 miles (548 km) below the volcanic belt, which matches the slab depth of porphyritic deposits formation belts in the Andes and Indonesia-Tonga region. Formation of porphyry copper systems is linked to the processes of metalliferous fluids intrusion at slab destruction areas near asthenosphere.

Improved Methods for PCA-Based Reconstructions: Case Study Using the Steig et al. (2009) Antarctic Temperature Reconstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan O’Donnell ◽  
Nicholas Lewis ◽  
Steve McIntyre ◽  
Jeff Condon
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Improved Methods

Abstract A detailed analysis is presented of a recently published Antarctic temperature reconstruction that combines satellite and ground information using a regularized expectation–maximization algorithm. Though the general reconstruction concept has merit, it is susceptible to spurious results for both temperature trends and patterns. The deficiencies include the following: (i) improper calibration of satellite data; (ii) improper determination of spatial structure during infilling; and (iii) suboptimal determination of regularization parameters, particularly with respect to satellite principal component retention. This study proposes two methods to resolve these issues. One utilizes temporal relationships between the satellite and ground data; the other combines ground data with only the spatial component of the satellite data. Both improved methods yield similar results that disagree with the previous method in several aspects. Rather than finding warming concentrated in West Antarctica, the authors find warming over the period of 1957–2006 to be concentrated in the peninsula (≈0.35°C decade−1). This study also shows average trends for the continent, East Antarctica, and West Antarctica that are half or less than that found using the unimproved method. Notably, though the authors find warming in West Antarctica to be smaller in magnitude and find that statistically significant warming extends at least as far as Marie Byrd Land. This study also finds differences in the seasonal patterns of temperature change, with winter and fall showing the largest differences and spring and summer showing negligible differences outside of the peninsula.

Leaf anatomy of Carex humilis does not correlate with orographic, geological and bioclimatic habitat conditions in C&SE Europe

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Jakovljević ◽  
Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić ◽  
Snežana Vukojičić ◽  
Nevena Kuzmanović ◽  
Dmitar Lakušić
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a multivariate morphometric study of leaf anatomical characters in different, geographically very distant populations of taxon Carex humilis from Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania with the aim to reveal the trends of population differentiation. Analyses were performed on the cross-section of 173 leaves collected from 12 populations. In order to establish the overall morphological variation and relationships between individuals from all populations, principal component analyses (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) have been done. The UPGMA clustering analyses based on leaf anatomical characters and habitat climatic characteristics were carried out to explore whether the observed anatomical differences are a result of adaptive responses. Regression analysis (linear regression) was performed to identify the level of correlation between leaf anatomical characters and basic orographic, geological, and bioclimatic habitat characteristics. Quite unexpectedly, most of observed groups are formed of geographically very distant populations which are living in extremely different climatic and geological conditions, indicating that general anatomical differentiation in Carex humilis in C&SE Europe cannot be explained by the environmental impacts, and basically do not represent an adaptive response to different climatic or geological condition.

scholarly journals A Remote-Sensing-Based Alteration Zonation Model of the Duolong Porphyry Copper Ore District, Tibet

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5073
Author(s):  
Fojun Yao ◽  
Xingwang Xu ◽  
Jianmin Yang ◽  
Xinxia Geng
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Aster Data ◽  
Alteration Zoning ◽  
Ore District

Remote sensing (RS) of alteration zones and anomalies can provide information that is useful for geological prospecting and exploration. RS is an effective method for porphyry copper mineral exploration and prospecting prediction. More specifically, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) data, which include 14 spectral channels from visible light to thermal infrared, are useful in such cases. This study uses visible-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared ASTER data together with surface material spectra from the Duolong porphyry copper ore district to construct an RS-based alteration zonation model of the deposit. In this study, an RS alteration zoning model is established based on ground-spectral alteration zoning results. The methods include PCA (Principal Component Analysis), Ratio, and Slope methods. The information obtained by each method is different. RS-based alteration zonation is developed based on the intersection of maps, resultant from the different methods for extracting information related to different minerals. The alteration zonation information extracted from ASTER RS data is consistent with geological observations. Using information from the RS-based model, we mapped the alteration minerals and zones of the Duolong ore district, thereby identifying prospecting target areas of the deposit.

scholarly journals Mineral Exploration in Mawat Region, Kurdistan-Iraq, Based on Satellite Data and Terrain Prospection

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-272
Author(s):  
Marinko Oluić ◽  
Sreten Romandić ◽  
Ratko Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Lithological Composition ◽  
Color Composite ◽  
Host Rocks

The main goal of the presented exploration was to estimate potential for mineralization in the Mawat ophiolitic massif in Kurdistan, Iraq. The aim of the study was to explore existing copper mineralization and assessor elements gold, platinoids and chromium. Geological exploration detected two types of Cu occurrence a) secondary Cu carbonates (malachite) and b) Cu sulfides (chalcopyrite-pyrite). The Mawat region is mostly built of ultrabasic and basic rocks: peridotites, gabbros, serpentinites and basalts which are heavily deformed, with faults mostly oriented NNW-SSE, and NE-SW. The first phase of exploration comprised digital processing of ASTER and QuickBird satellite images, with appropriate geometrical and radiometric corrections and transformation into coordinate system. Color composite images were produced in different scales. They served to define lithological composition, tectonic settings, location of the points of interest etc. The field work was designed to check satellite data in situ, with focus on perspective rock formations, which might host copper mineralization, and other elements. The host rocks of the ore occurrences are primarily gabbros and metagabbros intersected by diabase dykes, epidote and quartz veins. Secondary mineralization is the product of surficial weathering and it is represented by malachite and limonite. The geophysical survey was very useful in the detection of area with elevated induced polarization and low resistivity. Three perspective areas have been selected for detailed explorations: Waraz, Mirava-Chenara and Konjirin-Kuradawi. The concentration of copper varies highly in very wide ranges; the maximum measured concentration of Cu was determined in Waraz area 6.7%. Some rock samples also show concentration of gold from 0.36 to 2.59 ppm Au. Keywords: Mawat ophiolitic massif, geologic-geophysical explorations, copper mineralization, Kurdistan-Iraq

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document