Assessment of ecological plasticity and stability of sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in Ukrainian Steppe

Modern hybrids of sunflower show a pronounced response to changes in agrometeorological conditions of their growing. The research was carried out during 2013-2015 under conditions of insufficient moisture in the Southern steppe of Ukraine. Field and mathematical-statistical methods were used. A comparative assessment of levels of ecological stability was made for 7 sunflower hybrids (the company “Pioneer”). The application of plasticity and stability analysis by the Eberhard-Russell method allows carrying out an integrated assessment of new hybrids in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions and a reaction norm of genotypes to cultivation technology. In the dry steppe zone the sunflower realizes 45% of its genetic yield potential. The highest yield of the studied hybrids was observed in 2013 when, despite the unfavourable hydrothermal index of the year, the minimum relative air humidity during the flowering period was optimal (61.8%). A certain number of genotypes are characterized by the average group value of the plasticity index of yield (i.e. close to 1), namely: PR64LE19, PR64LE71, PR64LE11, PR64A71. Stability ranges from 0.29 in the hybrid PR64LE11 to 32.51 in the hybrid PR64LE19. The hybrids PR64LE71 and PR64LE19 change their ecological plasticity under varying growing conditions. The hybrid PR64F66 is less responsive to varying environments than the whole set of hybrids on average but, compared to others, exhibits average stability. The best results were shown by the hybrids PR64F50 and PR64A89, since they are more sensitive to varying environments and more stable than other hybrids. Growing hybrids of different levels of intensity, genetically and biologically diverse, allows the effective exploitation of agroecological potential of different zones.

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Evaluation of Ecological Plasticity аnd Stability of Some Promising Varieties of Poplars

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal) ◽

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-119-130 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 119-130

Author(s):

A.P. Tsarev ◽

◽

V.A. Tsarev ◽

R.P. Tsareva ◽

N.V. Laur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steppe Zone ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Ecological Stability ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

High Productivity ◽

Ecological Plasticity ◽

Volgograd Region ◽

Growing Conditions

When developing promising assortments of forest woody plants, it is important to take into account not only their growth and survival in some particular environment, but also their respond to change in growing conditions. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the ecological plasticity and stability of some poplar varieties promising for the southeastern part of European Russia and Ukraine using the Eberhart and Russell method. The research was carried out on three testing sites: upland environment of the forest-steppe zone of the Voronezh region; floodplain environment of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region; and floodplain environment of the steppe zone of the Donetsk region. Five promising poplar varieties were identified and studied at each of the experimental sites. The indices of survival, growth in height and diameter, trunk volumes, and productivity by wood stocks and average increments are presented for each variety. Due to the average increments change with age, the ontogeny period from 21 to 30 years was chosen for the study, during which the average survival of poplars varies slightly. It was found that Regenerata, which is characterized by average plasticity and the lowest stability, was the most productive of the studied poplar varieties. It can perform high productivity only in the favorable environment. The poplar variety Pioneer demonstrated the least plasticity. Its productivity did not vary too much with change in growth conditions at average ecological stability. The highest plasticity at average ecological stability was observed in the Vernirubens variety. Average plasticity and stability were observed in poplar E.s.-38. The poplar variety Marilandica was also characterized by average plasticity, and high ecological stability. The research results allow using of the studied varieties more rational in different growing conditions, with regard to their environmental characteristics.

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Longevity of Ulmus pumila L. in protective afforestation on semi-desert lands of the Astrakhan Zavolzhye

RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries ◽

10.22363/2312-797x-2021-16-1-77-85 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Vladimir Vasilievich Lepesko ◽

Ludmila Petrovna Rybashlykova

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Ecological Effect ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Ulmus Pumila ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Two Factors ◽

Forest Reclamation ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Improved Technology

The article provides a predictive assessment of longevity of Ulmus pumila L. stands in the Astrakhan Zavolzhye. The effi and expediency of renewable logging for rejuvenation and increasing the longevity of plantings in the semi-desert were confi The classifi of ecotopes of the Astrakhan Zavolzhye on suitability for cultivation of protective and shadow elm plantings on pasture lands was developed and presented. In the Caspian region, Ulmus pumila became widespread in forest reclamation of semi-desert lands in the 1950s. Since then, till the beginning of the 1990s, Bogdinskaya research agroforestry experimental station laid on the sandy massifs about 1 thousand hectares of Ulmus pumila L. plantings, which currently amounts to 1824 %. The long-term practice of using protective shade Ulmus pumila umbrellas has shown their signifi ecological effect on functioning pastures. The aim of the research was to develop an improved technology for creating long-lived protective shade stands of Ulmus pumila on degraded pastures of the Astrakhan Zavolzhye. The research was carried out using generally accepted methods of stand forest taxation by A.P. Anuchin (1961), 1. Bitvinskas (1974) and A.S. Manaenkov (2001). Soil conditions were studied by drilling sounding to 3 m depth. The results of the research revealed that the longevity of wood species in the dry-steppe zone was determined mainly by two factors: productive moisture in the soil and salinity level. The most favorable growing conditions for Ulmus pumila were unsalted (to a depth of at least 3 m) brown sandy soils, sandy loam soils, dark-colored swale soils with periodic redistributed accumulation of moisture. In arid conditions of the Astrakhan Zavolzhye in island plantations (group of trees, umbrellas, 0.51 ha parts of forest area) and optimal growing conditions without logging and reforestation, Ulmus pumila lives up to 6070 years.

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ASSESSMENT OF YIELD AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF PEA VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST STEPPE OF THE NORTHERN URALS

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2020-49-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

Valeriy Sapega ◽

Aleksandr Mitrikovskiy

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Comprehensive Assessment ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Adaptive Potential ◽

Ecological Adaptability ◽

Ecological Plasticity ◽

Range Of Variation

The studies were carried out in 2015–2018 in the southern forest-steppe of Tyumen region in order to assess the yield, realize its potential and ecological plasticity of pea varieties admitted for use in the region, to identify the best genotypes. The material for the study was the data on the yield of eight varieties of peas. The index of environmental conditions and ecological plasticity were determined according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell, the share of yield, relative to the average variety, and the realization of its potential - according to L.A. Zhivotkov and E.D. Nettevich, the yield range - according to V.A. Zykin. The index of environmental conditions in the years of testing varied from 0.89 (2015) to -1.04 (2016). Salamanca variety was characterized by the highest yield potential and the highest adaptability, in comparison with the average variety, in the most favorable (120.3%) and most unfavorable conditions (141.7%). On average for 2015–2018 the best in terms of yield was Omskiy 9 variety (1.98 t/ha). At the same time, the range of variation in the value of this indicator for the analyzed was significant - from 73.8% (Yamalskiy) to 89.0% (Kumir). Omskiy 9 variety (69.0%) was characterized by the highest value of the realization of the yield potential, and the lowest - Kumir (50.7%). The varieties Omskiy 9 (bi = 1.17), Kumir (bi = 1.13) and Salamanca (bi = 1.15) were characterized by the highest responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions - these are varieties of the intensive type. Weak responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions was found in the varieties Yamalsky (bi = 0.80) and Yamal (bi = 0.86). The varieties Batrak, Agrointel and Tomas, with a regression coefficient equal to or close to one, are classified as plastic. The Tomas variety was the most stable (Si2 = 0.16), the least - Kumir (Si2 = 15.98). On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of yield and parameters of ecological adaptability, the best varieties in the southern forest-steppe zone of Tyumen region were recognized as Omskiy 9 and Salamanca

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Influence of crop care technology on sunflower yield and oil content

Agrarian science ◽

10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-133-135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 344 (1) ◽

pp. 133-135

Author(s):

B. N. Nasiyev

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

The West ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

West Kazakhstan ◽

Care Technology

Relevance. One of the important elements of adaptive sunflower cultivation technology is the system of pre-sowing tillage, which is aimed at the maximum destruction of seedlings and seedlings of weeds, preserving the accumulated reserve of soil moisture and creating optimal conditions for seed germination. The aim of the research is to study the elements of adaptive technologies of sunflower cultivation (methods of crop care) to increase its productivity and provide vegetable oil producers with high-quality raw materials.Methods. According to the morphological features of the genetic horizons of the profile and agrochemical indicators of the arable soil layer of the experimental plots, they are characteristic of the 1st dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan. The area of plots for sunflower cultivation is 90m2, the repetition is three times, the location of plots is randomized. The experiments used a hybrid of sunflower Avangard. Seeding rate recommended for the dry-steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region. During the research, nitrogen and phosphorous mineral fertilizers were used in the recommended doses for the region.Results. As a result of research on methods of crop care in the conditions of the 1st dry-steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region, it was found that to control weeds on sunflower crops, it is advisable to harrow the soil with pre-sowing cultivation and use the herbicide roundup 5 days before sowing with a rate of 2 l/ha (option 2), where high structural indicators were noted and the highest seed yield was obtained

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ADAPTATION OF ELEMENTS OF SUDAN GRASS CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY TO THE CONDITIONS OF DRY-STEPPE ZONE

Turkish Journal Of Field Crops ◽

10.17557/tjfc.743681 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 57-65

Author(s):

Beybit NASIYEV ◽

Nurbolat ZHANATALAPOV ◽

Vladimir SHIBAIKIN ◽

Hristina YANCHEVA

Keyword(s):

Steppe Zone ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Cultivation Technology

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Adaptability of Different Sunflower Hybrids to the Conditions of Insufficient Moisturening

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.37394/232015.2020.16.35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽

Average Value ◽

Minimum Relative Humidity ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Adaptive Ability ◽

Rate Of Response

Expansion of variety and sustainable production of quality oilseed crops both in the world on the whole and in Ukraine in particular, is actual. The main factors of this are: the urgent need for raw materials, changes in weather and climatic conditions, changes in the structure of phytocenoses, development and spread of specific diseases and pests, and adaptive ability of species and varieties, etc. This problem is especially crucial when cultivating crops under stressful conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In the cultivation of sunflower varieties and hybrids of modern plant breeding, we observe a pronounced reaction to changes in agricultural meteorological conditions of their cultivation. Our research was carried out for three years (2017-2019) in the Southern Steppe region of Ukraine, which has low rainfall. The methods of the analysis were field and mathematicalstatistical methods. We evaluated the levels of environmental plasticity in 23 sunflower hybrids. We used the Eberhard and Russel method (the plasticity and stability analysis) to fully evaluate new hybrids with regard to their adaptability to growing conditions and investigate the appropriate rate of response of genotypes to the growing technology. We have found that under the conditions of the Dry Steppe zone of Ukraine sunflower embodies its genetic potential by 45%. Based on the experimental data, we conducted the regression analysis resulting in a linear regression model that indicates the dependence of sunflower yield on agricultural meteorological indicators. The hydrothermal coefficient in 2017 was 0.75. Despite this, the sunflower plants formed the highest yield that year due to the sufficient minimum relative humidity of the air during flowering (BBCH 61-65) was 54.7%. Creating genotype shave an average value of plasticity of the yield (ranging from 0.83 to 1.19), namely: EU Arcadia SU, EU Genesis, NS-X-496, EU Generalis SL, EU Loris KLP, SI Bacardi KLP, SI Arizona. Hybrids of different intensity levels, that are genetically and biologically diverse, can be cultivated efficiently in different agricultural ecological growing zones.

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HEAVY METALS IN SOILS OF DRY STEPPE ZONE IN VOLGOGRAD REGION

PROCEEDINGS of Nizhnevolzhskiy agrouniversity complex science and higher vocational education ◽

10.32786/2071-9485-2018-02-124-131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

E.A. Ivantsova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Volgograd Region ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Heavy Metals In Soils

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SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-31-2-9-16 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Humus Content ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Northern Kazakhstan ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Positive Balance ◽

High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

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