scholarly journals Accumulation and identification of secondary metabolites from the fungus Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Syvoded ◽  
O.V. Kolesnichenko ◽  
S.M. Hrysiuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The study presents variability in the qualitative composition and quantitative indicators of secondary mycelium metabolites of the fungus Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al., the most harmful plant pest of Helianthus annuus L. Toxicity of secondary metabolites of D. helianthi was analyzed by determining the average length of seedling shoots of Triticum aestivum L. test object grown on fungus filtrates of different cultivation dates. The maximum toxic effect of D. helianthi was recorded during the germination of Triticum aestivum L. seedlings on a 17-day filtrate of pure mycelium culture of the fungus. The mean length of wheat seedlings in this variant of the experiment decreased by 3.5 times compared with the control and 3.3 times compared with the filtrate of the culture medium of 7 days of cultivation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified secondary metabolites of D. helianthi as fomosin, fomopsolides, cytosporones, and xanthones. There was a redistribution of secondary metabolites due to increase in number of cytosporones, decrease in content of fomopsolides, and termination of xanthone synthesis with increasing time of cultivation of fomopsis mycelium, under conditions of relatively stable indicators of fomosin content.

scholarly journals Callus Induction and Regeneration from Germinating Mature Embryos of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-896
Author(s):  
Samih M. Tamimi ◽  
Halima Othman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Callus

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation(48 to 56%)on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.

scholarly journals Nano-Formulations of Copper Species Coated with Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracts and Assessment of Their Phytotoxicity on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings in Seed Germination, Foliar and Soil Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6302
Author(s):  
Hanaa L. Essa ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdelfattah ◽  
Alaa S. Marzouk ◽  
Hania A. Guirguis ◽  
Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Copper nanoparticles were synthesized via a bioreduction using sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from Avicennia marina mangrove leaves and their phytotoxicity effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings was assessed. As analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), SPs extract constituted mainly 49.3% glucose, 24.6% galactose and 20.5% glucouronic acid by mol. A nanoformulation of ultrafine Cu2O/Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles coated with SPs (Cu NPs) was prepared with an average particle size of 2.11 ± 0.64 nm and a slightly negatively-charged zeta potential of 11 ± 0.46 mV. Applying high concentrations of Cu NPs on wheat seeds inhibited the respective shoot and root relative growth percentages, yielding 13.22 ± 9.91 and 36.72 ± 18.51% at 0.06 mg/mL of the nanoformulation. Comparable values were obtained when the seeds were subjected to 0.06 mg/L of SPs extract applied in the free form. In a foliar application, 0.06 mg/mL of Cu NPs reduced the respective total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents by 17.4% and 24.3% relative to the control while the treatment with SPs reduced them by slightly higher values of 27.9% and 32.6%, respectively, after 14 days of application. Therefore, Cu NPs show a comparable inhibition effect to that of the free SPs extract but offer the additional advantages of nanoformulations. In soil applications, however, Cu NPs stimulated the growth of wheat seedlings in contrary to SPs and increased the total chlorophyll and carotenoids by 49.76% and 70%, respectively. This gives an additional merit to the nanoformulation that can potentially be used as an effective biostimulant in soil.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

scholarly journals Enhancement of drought tolerance in Triticum aestivum L. seedlings using Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedad A. Kasim ◽  
Mohamed E. H. Osman ◽  
Mohamed N. Omar ◽  
Samar Salama
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enhanced Production

Abstract Background The effectiveness of two PGPB; Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11 was investigated in enhancing the drought tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings cultivar Gemiza9. The inoculated or uninoculated grains were sown in unsterilized sandy soil and watered normally untill the 8th day. Drought stress was initiated by completely withholding water for 7 days (until wilting). Samples were collected after 15 days from sowing to evaluate some growth criteria, damage and defense indicators and to analyze the roots’ protein pattern. Results The results showed that inoculating wheat seedlings with these strains significantly diminished the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the relative water content of roots, shoots and leaves; area of leaves; contents of pigments (chlorophyll a and b) and ascorbic acid; and on the protein patterns of roots. Moreover, the bacterial inoculation notably reduced the drought-induced damage indicated by lower leakage of electrolytes and less accumulation of Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, surprisingly with less enhanced production of proline and activities of catalase and peroxidase than their uninoculated counterparts. Under normal conditions, inoculating wheat plants with these PGPB resulted in significantly promoted growth and elevated contents of pigments and altered protein patterns of roots. Conclusion Overall, we can say that both Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11 were able to deactivate the growth inhibition in wheat seedlings to some extent, while maintaining a certain level of efficient protection against damage under drought stress.

scholarly journals Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Q. Wu ◽  
L.N. Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Drought Tolerant

 To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of –0.25, –0.50, and –0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15.  

scholarly journals Comparison of Flavonoid Profiles in Sprouts of Radiation Breeding Wheat Lines (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Bomi Nam ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Hyeon Hwa Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Wheat Sprout ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Wheat Mutant

Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae), one of the most popular food crops worldwide, contains basic and essential nutrients and various health benefiting phytochemicals. Among them, flavonoids have attracted significant interest owing to their various health-promoting properties. In this study, 35 wheat mutant lines were developed via gamma-irradiated mutation breeding from the original cultivar. The effects of radiation breeding on the endogenous phytochemical production in the sprouts of these mutant lines were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS) with multivariate analysis for the first time in this study. Fourteen characteristic peaks, including eleven flavone C-glycosides, two flavone O-glycosides, and one flavone, were identified. In addition, the contents of three flavone C-glycosides, namely, isoschaftoside, isoorientin, and isoscoparin, in 37 wheat sprout samples from the original cultivar, certificated cultivar, and the mutant lines were determined. A heat map combined with hierarchical clustering showed variation in the relative content for the flavonoids between the 37 wheat sprout samples, clustering into three groups. On principal component analysis scores scatter and loading plots, significant differences in the levels of flavonoids were found between the samples and several markers responsible for group separation were detected. These results provide a scientific reference for the phytochemical variation in wheat mutant lines, thereby aiding in further mutation mechanism studies and for the quality control of the improved wheat cultivars.

The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedling Roots Against the Take-All Fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seah ◽  
K Sivasithamparam ◽  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedling Roots ◽  
Take All

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) applied as foliar dip, foliar wipe, root drench or pre-germination soak on the susceptibility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier var. tritici Walker (take-all fungus, Ggt) was studied. It was hypothesised that an increase in SA concentration applied using these methods would increase the resistance in wheat seedling roots against Ggt. Leaves (by foliar wipe and foliar dip) and roots (by root drench) of 1-2-week-old wheat seedlings grown in Lancelin sand, were treated with 0, 0.1 or 1 mM SA, and treatments of 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mM SA were applied in a pre-germination soak method. Ggt infection reduced (P Ͱ4 0.05) chlorophyll content and concentration and root length (P Ͱ4 0.10). Experiments that were conducted suggested that the SA treatments failed to induce a resistance response because they did not stimulate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in the wheat seedling roots. Therefore, SA applied using these methods was not effective in reducing the susceptibility of wheat seedlings to Ggt. The chemical or biological induction of resistance in plant roots and its applicability as a root disease control strategy requires further clarification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document