scholarly journals Consumption of antimicrobials in the European Union and indications for their rational administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
J.J. Jaroszewski

Antimicrobials are essential for the medical care and health of animals and livestock populations. On the other hand it is generally accepted that the increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. Therefore, in many countries of the world, the consumption of antibiotics and the resistance of pathogens isolated from humans and animals are monitored. Collected data indicate the need to reduce antimicrobial use in humans and in food-producing animals. This goal can only be achieved if antimicrobials will be used rationally and in accordance with the latest knowledge.

Bioethica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Κοζαμάνη (Alexandra Kozamani)

Euthanasia is one of the issues that bioethics deals with, which is one of the outmost importance. Furthermore it is very up-to-date. In Greece and in most countries of the European Union euthanasia has not been subject to specialized legislation. It is only occasionally debated, resulting in tension and conflict. On one hand, people have the right to self determination, so the end of life should be among them. On the other hand, life is considered to be of the highest value and it is the duty of healthcare personnel to guard and preserve it by any means, using their expertise and knowledge.In this paper, a brief report is made to the practices used across countries in the European Union regarding the end of life. Most countries are opposed to euthanasia while acknowledging the right of a patient to refuse or receive treatment. Only three countries have passed bills that legalize euthanasia under strict conditions. The rest, due to sensitivity in this matter, have not yet proceeded in reforming their laws accordingly. It seems that society does not have the necessary reassurances so that they can engulf that issue guarding the true will of a person.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Heredia Yzquierdo

The Shariʿa Law has a comprehensive vision of all human activities, including commerce. The peculiarities of the commercial legal system that derives from the legal principles of Shariʿa emanates from the concepts of forbidden or Haram and permissible or Halal. These principles are applied today to breakthrough commercial developments such as the Blockchain/Digital Ledger Technologies. On the other hand, there is a growing debate about the possibility of the application of Shariʿa Law in the Member States of the European Union, either for social reasons or for commercial reasons. The controversy and opportunities created in the smallest State of the Union, Malta, serves as a sample.


Author(s):  
Armağan Gözkaman

The European Community/Union has always been a controversial issue in the UK. At present, the probability of an in-or-out referendum makes it all the more divisive. Eurosceptics see a brighter future for their country outside the union both in political and economic terms. Pro-Europeans, on the other hand, maintain that British membership brings up benefits that outweigh the costs. Both sides have their arguments. The former seek success through social mobilizations and debates. The latter believe that the anti-EU stance may be costly in economic and political terms. Hence, the public must be convinced before the referendum – if it ever takes place.


2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Stefan Fersterer

If European people are asked to answer the question, “Which of your different identities has the highest rank in your personal sense: the local, the national or the European?”, a high percentage rate would definitely still report to the two former and only a minority would define themselves primarily as an European citizen. This is no surprise. On the one hand, one defines its identity through that origin, with which he or she has the strongest relation. On the other hand it is extremely difficult for a huge and often aloof entity like the European Union to develop a common European identity that evokes those impressions and sentiments that people combine with their familiar environment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Jamie Woodward

‘Arctic governance’ discusses how the Arctic, unlike many other parts of the world, has been spared military conflict, civil wars, and terrorism. Arctic governance involves an array of actors, legal regimes, institutional and social contexts, and strategic aspirations. In 1989, Finland approached the other seven Arctic states with a proposal for the Rovaniemi Meeting, which discusses the protection of the Arctic environment. This provided the foundation for the intergovernmental forum the Arctic Council (1996). The eight Arctic states will remain significant players in the future governance of the northern latitudes alongside indigenous peoples/permanent participants. There will always be powerful drivers that ensure that the 'global Arctic' will be prominent in multiple ways, including the role that China, the European Union, and other external states will play in shaping its future.


Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk

The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries regarding access to food has clearly improved.


Author(s):  
Tim Judah

On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence, becoming the seventh state to emerge from the break-up of the former Yugoslavia. A tiny country of just two million people, 90% of whom are ethnic Albanians, Kosovo is central - geographically, historically, and politically - to the future of the Western Balkans and, in turn, its potential future within the European Union. But the fate of both Kosovo, condemned by Serbian leaders as a “fake state” and the region as a whole, remains uncertain. In Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know, Tim Judah provides a straight-forward guide to the complicated place that is Kosovo. Judah, who has spent years covering the region, offers succinct, penetrating answers to a wide range of questions: Why is Kosovo important? Who are the Albanians? Who are the Serbs? Why is Kosovo so important to Serbs? What role does Kosovo play in the region and in the world? Judah reveals how things stand now and presents the history and geopolitical dynamics that have led to it. The most important of these is the question of the right to self-determination, invoked by the Kosovo Albanians, as opposed to right of territorial integrity invoked by the Serbs. For many Serbs, Kosovo's declaration of independence and subsequent recognition has been traumatic, a savage blow to national pride. Albanians, on the other hand, believe their independence rights an historical wrong: the Serbian conquest (Serbs say “liberation”) of Kosovo in 1912. For anyone wishing to understand both the history and possible future of Kosovo at this pivotal moment in its history, this book offers a wealth of insight and information in a uniquely accessible format.


2017 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hannonen

This short reflection on the keynote speech given by Henk van Houtum at the Annual Meeting of Finnish Geographers enhances discussion on bordering and border construction, both within the European Union (EU) and via the external border of the EU in the northeast, specifically the Finnish-Russian border. And it focuses attention upon the problem of Eurocentric geographies, and a dominant Western perspective of the rest of the world.


Ekonomia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sawicz

Comparative ana lysis of the quality of life of seniors in selected countries of the European UnionFor more than twenty years, the number of elderly people in Europe has been increasing. This process is called “the graying of the continent”. The aging of societies raises many problems of a medical, social and economic nature. On the other hand, the increase in the quality of life of seniors caused less spending on medical and social care.The article attempts to analyze the quality of life of seniors in selected countries of the European Union. The level of quality of life was examined in economic aspect. Particular attention is paid to the health of the population in selected EU country and the level of poverty. The article indicates countries with the highest quality of life of the elderly and countries in which the quality of life of seniors is low.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
Nijolė Steponaitytė

In spring of 2005 Kaunas city became a partner in the project “Baltic Fort Route“ of the program INTERREG IIIB BSR financed by the European Union. The aim of the project is preservation and effective adaptation of fortress territories for tourism. On the other hand, it should be observed that free land areas in Kaunas and around it are being intensively assimilated what may do damage to the defence objects of Kaunas Fortress and thus deteriorate their visual significance. The limits of landscape modifications should be clearly determined. During the construction process of the Fortress the peculiarities of the geomorphological system and hydrographic net of Kaunas environs were well explored and considered. The whole landscape of Kaunas environs was reconstructed according to the needs of the Fortress. The defence objects of the Fortress still have a great effect on the landscape of the city and its surrounding territories. Major part of the territories of the Fortress objects were turned into the areas of green plantation. According to the visual influence of the forts and fortifications on the environment, the mentioned objects may be divided into groups. The author presents proposals on the management of the defence objects and areas of green plantation of the Fortress that could provide for maximal possibilities in respecting their authentic view.


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