scholarly journals Cyanogenic glycosides content as graft compatibility indicator in pear/quince combinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Ivan dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Ângela Diniz Campos ◽  
Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽  
Luis Eduardo Corrêa Antunes ◽  
José Francisco Martins Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cyanogenic Glycosides ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Santa Maria

The objective of this work is to evaluate the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides CGs (amygdalin and prunasin) in the cultivar and rootstock, as an indicator of compatibility in pear grafts. The work consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated Cascatense/Pyrus Calleryana and Cascatense/EMC combinations. Experiment 2 evaluated the combinations Packham’s Triumph/Adams, Santa Maria/Adams, and Rocha/Adams. The experimental design of the two experiments was randomized blocks with four replications. The evaluations were carried out in the spring and summer of the harvest 2014/2015. The results indicated graft compatibility in the Cascatense/P. Calleryana, Packham’s Triumph/Adams, and Rocha/Adams combinations; slight incompatibility of Santa Maria/Adams, and severe incompatibility of Cascatense/EMC. The obtained results indicate that differences ≥ 20 mg g-1 of CGs between scion and rootstock were correlated with a drastic reduction in vigor, problems of continuity in graft union, low yield, and early defoliation.

Effects of Rootstock Source on the Size, Cone Production, and Compatibility of Douglas-Fir Grafts

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ingemar Karlsson ◽  
Jack H. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Incompatibility

Abstract Scions of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were grafted on rootstock from coastal, northern interior and southern interior origin. Data on ramet size, cone production, and graft compatibility were collected. Twelve years after grafting significant differences for most crown and stem traits were found among the rootstock sources, with coastal rootstock resulting in the fastest scion growth. Northern interior rootstock sources produced larger grafts than southern interior rootstock. Significant graft union appearance and cone production differences were not detected, but coastal sources consistently had higher graft compatibility and healthier unions. It is concluded that, for coastal Douglas-fir, the use of a vigorous coastal rootstock source that promotes fast growth in the scion, and has high graft compatibility potential, is the most desirable for coastal locations. This will result in fewer losses due to graft incompatibility, faster crown development, more options for crown management and increased cone production potential. West. J. Appl. For. 7(3):73-77.

scholarly journals Peroxidase Isozyme Profiles in Compatible and Incompatible Pear-Quince Graft Combinations

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Gulen ◽  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Ali Kuden ◽  
Stephen L. Krebs ◽  
Joseph Postman
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Peroxidase Isozyme ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Growth Vigor

The similarity or differences of peroxidase isozymes in rootstocks and scions may influence their graft compatibility. This study was conducted to identify peroxidase isozymes that may be used as markers to predict compatibility between pear (Pyrus communis L.) and various quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) clones. `Bartlett' (BT) and `Beurre Hardy' (BH) pear cultivars are known to form incompatible and compatible grafts, respectively, with quince rootstocks. The two pear scion cultivars were budded on `quince A' (QA), `quince BA-29', and 15 selected quince clones from Turkey. Bark and cambial tissues were taken from nonbudded rootstocks and scions, and 4 cm above and below the graft union for peroxidase isozyme analysis performed by starch gel electrophoresis. Isoperoxidase analyses were also performed on samples from the graft unions collected 12 months after grafting. Many isozyme bands were observed commonly in the two scions; however, one anodal peroxidase A was detected in BH (compatible scion) but not in BT (incompatible scion) samples. This isoperoxidase was also detected in QA, Quince BA-29, and nine of the Turkish quince clones. Another isoperoxidase, band B, was detected in BH but not in BT or any of the rootstocks. However, the compatible (BH/QA) and moderately compatible (BT/BA-29) graft union tissues contained bands A and B whereas incompatible graft union tissues (BT/QA) lacked both. Graft union samples involving BT and five Turkish quince clones (705, 609-2, 702, 804, and 806) had both `A' and `B' isoperoxidases while one or both of these bands were absent in nonbudded graft partners. Field observations of 3.5 year-old grafts of BT and Turkish quince clones revealed that the vegetative growth (vigor) of BT scion was significantly greater, when grafted on these five clones, than that in graft combinations with other clones. We suggest that matching of isoperoxidase `A' in quince rootstocks and BH pear scion may be associated with a compatible graft combination. Additionally, presence of isoperoxidases `A' and `B' in the graft union tissues may be used as an indicator to predict a compatible graft between BT and quince rootstocks.

scholarly journals GRAFT COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS AND EAST MALLING “C” ROOTSTOCK

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO DALAZEN MACHADO ◽  
MAICON MAGRO ◽  
LEO RUFATO ◽  
AMAURI BOGO ◽  
AIKE ANNELIESE KREZTSCHMAR
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Graft Compatibility

ABSTRACT Graft incompatibility is one of the main factors limiting european pear production in Brazil. At present, there is no clear indication of the best combination(s) of european pear cultivars and quince rootstocks for graft compatibility. The study evaluated the graft compatibility for combinations of european Abbè Fetel, Rocha and Williams pear cultivars grafted onto the EMC quince rootstock. The experiment was performed in a commercial european pear orchard in the Urupema municipality, in State of Santa Catarina, during the 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing seasons. The plant growth variables comprised the section increment (mm) in the trunk diameter in the graft union region of cultivars and rootstocks; difference in the diameter of the graft for cultivars and rootstocks; “translocated” incompatibility; “located” incompatibility and the vascular connection in the graft union region, which was assessed by immersing the bases of the plants in a 0.08% succinic acid solution. There were “located” and “translocated” incompatibility between the european Williams pear cultivar and the EMC rootstock based on the vascular discontinuity in the graft union region, which prevented the translocation of succinic acid stain. Thus, the Williams/EMC combination is considered incompatible and it is not recommended for use in commercial orchards. The Rocha/EMC and Abbè Fetel/EMC are considered partially incompatible combinations and showed good development eight years after planting.

scholarly journals Graft Compatibility Classification within Aurantioideae Based on Biometric Traits and the Anatomy of Graft Union

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Junior ◽  
Everton Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Alécio Souza Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Marques ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Citrus Breeding ◽  
Graft Take ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Lower Plant

Citrus relatives are a relevant source of valuable traits for use in citrus breeding, including resistance to diseases such as Huanglongbing (HLB). Resistant rootstocks may impact tree responses to HLB. This requires graft compatibility, which has been poorly investigated within the Aurantioideae. In this study, the biometric characteristics and the anatomy of the graft union of 86 scion/rootstock combinations were assessed. This comprised 18 genotypes/species and 8 genera from Citrinae, Balsamocitrinae, and Clauseninae subtribes sensu Swingle and Reece. Most graft combinations were found to be noncompatible. Phylogenetic proximity did not ensure successful grafting as, for example, Orange jasmine autografts failed, whereas some intergeneric grafts were successful (>60% of graft-take). Plant scion height was directly related to graft-take, but the correlation between the scion and rootstock stem diameters was not a reliable indicator of graft compatibility. Rangpur/Tabog, Tabog/Rangpur, Wampee/Rangpur, Wampee/Pomeroy, Wampee/Swingle, Pomeroy/Wampee, and Swingle/Wampee were the most compatible intergeneric graft combinations. Graft-take success for this was at similar levels to those of sweet orange grafted on common citrus rootstocks. The position as a scion or rootstock in the combination affected the performance and was specific to the genotypes tested. The lack of differentiation between xylem-derived calli and the accumulation of phenolic compounds at the graft union were clear anatomical and biochemical markers, respectively, of incompatibility for most Aurantioideae combinations. In the field, within a set of the ten most promising combinations, Hamlin/Rangpur (control) was the only one that became infected by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. This was first observed 12 months after planting. Overall, the assessment of biometric traits and anatomy of the graft union allowed Aurantioideae genotypes to be divided into four clusters, with respect to their graft compatibility, as follows: fully compatible with high graft-take and plant growth; potentially compatible with high graft-take but lower plant growth; partially incompatible with lower graft-take and poor plant growth; and fully incompatible with a complete absence of graft-take.

scholarly journals Estimated phyllochron in low tunnel cultivated strawberry cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1546-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassia Luiza Teixeira Cocco ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Velci Queiroz de Souza ◽  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine phyllochron in strawberry cultivars, from two origins during two crop years, conducted in low tunnel. Experiments were conducted at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus Frederico Westphalen (CESNORS/UFSM), Brazil, evaluating 'Camarosa', 'Camino Real' and 'Albion' strawberry cultivars. During the 2012 crop year, seedlings from Chile and Pelotas/RS, Brazil were evaluated, for the 2013 crop year, only seedlings from Chile were submitted to evaluations. In order to determine the phyllochron, twice a week the numbers of leaves (NL) of the main crown were counted and a regression between NL and accumulated thermal time (ATT) was held. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, with three repetitions with the evaluation of 12 plants per experimental unity, consisting of a factorial. For 2012 and 2013 crop years, it is possible to conclude that 'Camarosa' and 'Camino Real' cultivars required higher accumulation of degree-days (ºC day-1) to issue each successive leaf than cv. 'Albion', which, in turn, presented higher rates of leaf emergence, being considered earlier. Regarding to origin, seedlings from cv. 'Albion' from Chile presented lower total phyllochron values and for samples from Pelotas, no difference among cultivars was observed.

scholarly journals Cultivares potenciais de pessegueiro, ameixeira, pereira e quivizeiro para a região da Serra Gaúcha

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rafael Anzanello ◽  
Rosiendi Polesello Menin
Keyword(s):  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Santa Maria

Objetivou-se avaliar a fenologia, produção e qualidade de frutos de cultivares potenciais de pessegueiro, ameixeira, pereira e quivizeiro para a região da Serra Gaúcha. O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa Carlos Gayer – DDPA/SEAPI, Veranópolis-RS, safra 2014/2015. As cultivares avaliadas foram: pessegueiro (Pampeano, Pepita, Kampai, Granada, Rubimel, Regalo, Chimarrita, P.S., Coral, Eragil); ameixeira (Gulf Rubi, Gulf Blaze, Iraty, América, Polirosa, Amarelinha, Reubennel, Black Ambar, Fortune, Letícia); pereira (Willians, Packham’s, Rocha, Santa Maria, Beurre Sublime, Tenn, Carrick, Kiefer, Tsu-ly, Ya-ly) e quivizeiro (Golden King, Yellow Queen, MG06, Gracie, Abbott, Elmwood, Bruno, Monty, Tewi, Hayward). Foram analisadas as variáveis de fenologia (precocidade de produção), produção por planta, peso de fruto, sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os pessegueiros, ‘P.S.’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Rubimel’ e ‘Eragil’ apresentaram alta produção (30-40 kg/planta), peso de fruto (≥100g) e alto SS. As ameixeiras ‘Letícia’, ‘Fortune’ e ‘Reubennel’ apresentaram alta produção (>30 kg/planta) e alto SS. A cv. Fortune exibiu frutos grandes (108g). Pessegueiros ‘Granada’ e ‘Pepita’ e ameixeira ‘América’, embora produtivos, mostraram-se precoces, suscetíveis a perdas de produção por geadas tardias. Pereiras ‘Rocha’ e ‘Packham’s’, enxertadas sobre marmeleiro, e Kiefer, enxertada sobre Pyrus calleryana apresentaram alta produtividade e frutos sensorialmente doces (alto SS e baixa AT). Quivizeiros ‘Golden King’, ‘Yellow Queen’ e ‘MG06’ apresentaram alta produção (30-35 kg/planta) e ‘Elmwood’, além de produtiva, alto peso de fruto (105 g). A caracterização agronômica de cultivares de espécies frutíferas permite indicar aos produtores materiais melhor adaptados e produtivos às condições edafoclimáticas da Serra Gaúcha.

scholarly journals EFICIÊNCIA TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA DA IRRIGAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DE GÉRBERA DE CORTE EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-581
Author(s):  
Jéssica Dariane Piroli ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Boscaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Price ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Santa Maria

EFICIÊNCIA TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA DA IRRIGAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO DE GÉRBERA DE CORTE EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO     JÉSSICA DARIANE PIROLI1; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER2; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA3; MARCELO ANTONIO RODRIGUES4; RICARDO BOSCAINI5 E PABLO EANES COCCO RODRIGUES6   1 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestra, Doutoranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 2 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 3 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, 97195-000, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP. Email: [email protected] 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria. Email:  [email protected] 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Email:  [email protected] 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, CEP: 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Email:  [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O manejo da irrigação no cultivo de flores é relevante, especialmente em ambiente protegido, onde a produção depende exclusivamente da água da irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, técnica e economicamente, o efeito da irrigação na produção da gérbera de corte em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, sendo 120%, 100%; 80%; 60% e 40% da capacidade de retenção do vaso, e dez repetições. Foram avaliados os componentes de produção da gérbera de corte, além da máxima eficiência técnica (MET), a partir dos resultados de produção de hastes e a máxima eficiência econômica (MEE), a partir da equação que corresponde à lâmina ótima que maximizou a receita, considerando os fatores de preço de água e preço de produto (hastes). Os resultados mostraram que a disponibilidade hídrica de 80% e 100% é necessária para produzir hastes longas e firmes, o que reflete diretamente na qualidade do produto final. A MET para a produção de gérbera foi observada para a lâmina de 79,3% da capacidade de retenção de vaso e a lâmina de MEE foi de 70,6 mm.   Palavras-Chave: Gerbera jamesonii, manejo de água, lucratividade.     PIROLI, J. D.; PEITER, M. X.; ROBAINA, A. D.; RODRIGUES, M. A.; BOSCAINI, R.; RODRIGUES, P. E. C. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF CUT GERBERA IN GREENHOUSE         2 ABSTRACT   The management of irrigation in flower cultivation is relevant especially in a protected environment, where production depends exclusively on irrigation water. The objective of this work was to determine technically and economically the effect of irrigation on the production of cut gerbera in a protected environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments, being 120%, 100%; 80%; 60% and 40% of vessel retention capacity, and ten replicates. The components of production of the cutting gerbera were evaluated, as well as the maximum technical efficiency (MET), from the results of rod production and the maximum economic efficiency (MEE), from the equation that corresponds to the optimum blade that maximized the revenue, considering the factors of water price and product price (stems). The results showed that water availability of 80% and 100% is required to produce long and firm stems, which directly reflects the quality of the final product. The MET for the production of gerbera was observed for the blade of 79.3% of vessel retention capacity and the blade of MEE of 70.6 mm.   Keywords: Gerbera jamesonii, water management, profitability.

scholarly journals 238 Isoperoxidase and Protein Patterns in Compatible and Incompatible Pear/Quince Graft Combinations

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 483B-483
Author(s):  
Hatice Gulen ◽  
Chon C. Lim ◽  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Hatice Gulen ◽  
Ali Kuden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
General Protein

The similarity or differences of peroxidase isozymes in rootstocks and scions may influence their graft compatibility. This study was conducted to identify peroxidase isozymes and/or other proteins that may be used as markers to predict compatibility between pear and various quince clones. `Bartlett' (BT) and `Beurre Hardy' (BH) pear cultivars were budded on 13 selected quince clones and quince A (QA) rootstocks; BT and BH cultivars are known to be incompatible and compatible, respectively, with quince root stocks. Bark and cambial tissues were taken from unbudded rootstocks, scions, and 4 cm above and below the graft union for isozyme analysis. Samples were collected 1, 2, 3, and 12 months after grafting. In addition, samples from the graft unions were also analyzed 12 months after grafting. Isozyme separation was performed by starch gel electrophoresis. Many isozyme bands were commonly observed in the two scions; however, one anodal peroxidase was detected in BH but not in BT samples. This isozyme was also detected in QA and in all but four quince clones. Protein profiles of bark tissues from QA and three pear scions (BT, `Bosc', and P. crassane) were determined using SDS-PAGE. In general, protein profiles of the three pear cultivars appeared remarkably similar; however, P. crassane (a compatible pear cultivar on QA) had a 63 kDa protein, which was absent in BT and faintly observed in `Bosc' (intermediate compatibility). Our results suggest that these isoperoxidase and polypeptide could be associated with pear/quince graft compatibility.

scholarly journals Seeding furrow opening mechanisms and the soybean planting in lowland areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lopes Coelho ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Maurício Limberger de Oliveira ◽  
Augusto Dubou Serafin ◽  
Roberto Paulo Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Soil Physical Characteristics ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of seeder furrow opening mechanisms on soil physical characteristics, plant growth, and soybean yield in lowland areas with the presence of compacted layer near the surface. An experiment was conducted in the lowland experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria-RS, Brazil, during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block with five replications and four treatments: Planter using shank (S) at 0.23 m depth; S at 0.13 m; Planter using double disk at 0.07 m depth and Raised-bed + S at 0.12 m depth. The use of S at 0.23 m depth allowed reduction of penetration resistance and increase of soil macroporosity in the layers 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m depth in the seeding row. Sowing with S at 0.23 m depth and Raised-bed + S at 0.12 m depth allowed a better development of soybean plants in compacted irrigated rice area (higher nodulation, leaf area index and root growth), as well as higher grain yield.

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