scholarly journals GRAFT COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS AND EAST MALLING “C” ROOTSTOCK

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO DALAZEN MACHADO ◽  
MAICON MAGRO ◽  
LEO RUFATO ◽  
AMAURI BOGO ◽  
AIKE ANNELIESE KREZTSCHMAR
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
European Pear ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Graft Compatibility

ABSTRACT Graft incompatibility is one of the main factors limiting european pear production in Brazil. At present, there is no clear indication of the best combination(s) of european pear cultivars and quince rootstocks for graft compatibility. The study evaluated the graft compatibility for combinations of european Abbè Fetel, Rocha and Williams pear cultivars grafted onto the EMC quince rootstock. The experiment was performed in a commercial european pear orchard in the Urupema municipality, in State of Santa Catarina, during the 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing seasons. The plant growth variables comprised the section increment (mm) in the trunk diameter in the graft union region of cultivars and rootstocks; difference in the diameter of the graft for cultivars and rootstocks; “translocated” incompatibility; “located” incompatibility and the vascular connection in the graft union region, which was assessed by immersing the bases of the plants in a 0.08% succinic acid solution. There were “located” and “translocated” incompatibility between the european Williams pear cultivar and the EMC rootstock based on the vascular discontinuity in the graft union region, which prevented the translocation of succinic acid stain. Thus, the Williams/EMC combination is considered incompatible and it is not recommended for use in commercial orchards. The Rocha/EMC and Abbè Fetel/EMC are considered partially incompatible combinations and showed good development eight years after planting.

scholarly journals Comparison of June-budded and Grafted Two-year-old `Chandler' Walnut (Juglans regia) on Paradox Hybrid Root

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 531E-531
Author(s):  
Kathy Kelley ◽  
Dave Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Fifty trees each of 1-year-old Paradox rootstock June-budded to `Chandler' walnut and 2-year-old Paradox whipgrafted to `Chandler' were planted in a 28 × 28-ft spacing on a Hanford sandy loam soil. Ten trees of each type were selected at time of planting and the number of roots, individual root diameter, trunk diameter, root dry weight, scion dry weight, and total dry weight were compared. All parameters, with the exception of root number, were significantly greater for the grafted 2-year-old rootstocks. Growth of the trees measured as trunk circumference 20 cm above the graft union was significantly greater for the grafted 2-year-old rootstocks following the first season. There was no significant different in trunk circumference between the 1- and 2-year-old rootstocks following the second or third growing seasons.

scholarly journals Graft Compatibility among Chestnut (Castanea) Species

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
J.D. Norton ◽  
G.E. Boyhan ◽  
B.R. Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
Graft Failure ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Genetic Incompatibility ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Lower Success Rate ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Incompatibility ◽  
Graft Success

Graft compatibility was investigated for 15 Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Bl.) cultivars, nine American chestnut [C. dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.] selections, six Japanese chestnut (C. crenata Sieb.) cultivars, and two putative Japanese hybrids on two known rootstocks of Chinese chestnut. Intraspecific grafting of Chinese chestnut resulted in 80% success after two growing seasons. An unusual anatomical structure of the chestnut stem had a significant effect on graft success. The phloem fiber bundles related to graft failure are described in the study. Interspecific grafts of seven American and five Japanese chestnut selections resulted in ≥70% success. The putative Japanese hybrids had a significantly lower success rate (<50%) regardless of rootstocks. A marked graft incompatibility was found in one Japanese/Chinese and two American/Chinese combinations. Graft incompatibility related to morphological abnormalities at the graft union was also observed in interspecific grafts. Comparisons of cambial isoperoxidase isozymes between successful and unsuccessful grafts did not support the hypothesis that peroxidase isozymes are indicators of rootstock-scion compatibility. The results suggest that genetic incompatibility is not a major cause of graft failure in Chinese chestnut.

Effects of Rootstock Source on the Size, Cone Production, and Compatibility of Douglas-Fir Grafts

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ingemar Karlsson ◽  
Jack H. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Incompatibility

Abstract Scions of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were grafted on rootstock from coastal, northern interior and southern interior origin. Data on ramet size, cone production, and graft compatibility were collected. Twelve years after grafting significant differences for most crown and stem traits were found among the rootstock sources, with coastal rootstock resulting in the fastest scion growth. Northern interior rootstock sources produced larger grafts than southern interior rootstock. Significant graft union appearance and cone production differences were not detected, but coastal sources consistently had higher graft compatibility and healthier unions. It is concluded that, for coastal Douglas-fir, the use of a vigorous coastal rootstock source that promotes fast growth in the scion, and has high graft compatibility potential, is the most desirable for coastal locations. This will result in fewer losses due to graft incompatibility, faster crown development, more options for crown management and increased cone production potential. West. J. Appl. For. 7(3):73-77.

scholarly journals First results of an orchard trial with new clonal sweet cherry rootstocks at Holovousy

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažková ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
First Results ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Sweet Cherry Rootstocks

Ten clonal dwarf or semi-dwarf sweet cherry rootstocks were evaluated for 5 growing seasons in a orchard that was established in the spring 1999 at Holovousy within international cherry rootstock trials that are co-ordinated in Europe by the Danish Institute of Plant and Soil Science at Aarslev, Denmark. Lapins cv. was used as a scion tester for all these rootstocks; five of them were also tested by Regina cv. Among the new rootstocks, G 195/5 was evaluated as the most promising for Lapins cv. It produced trees even smaller than P-HL-A or Tabel (Edabriz), with higher yield efficiency and good fruit size. In agreement with the results of earlier experiments, both P-HL-A and Tabel (Edabriz) proved to be quite reliable rootstocks for modern sweet cherry orchards established there. Among the semi-dwarf rootstocks, G 154/7 also seemed to be interesting because of high yields and fruit size. Weiroot 158 was found as relatively the most promising rootstock for Regina cv. On the other hand, the most disappointing results were obtained with the rootstock Weiroot 53 because of its inferior graft compatibility and its negative influence on fruit size. Some of the tested rootstocks significantly changed the time of flowering and the time of fruit ripening. Several relationships between the observed characteristics were found within this study and they are more thoroughly discussed. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Tree Transplant Size Influences Post-Transplant Growth, Gas Exchange, and Leaf Water Potential Of ‘October Glory’ Red Maple

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Lauderdale ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Donald J. Eakes ◽  
Gary J Keever ◽  
Arthur H. Chappelka
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Effects of red maple transplant size [3.8 cm (1.5 in, small) and 7.6 cm (3.0 in, large) trunk diameter] on growth were evaluated at park and residential planting sites in Mobile, AL, during 1993 and 1994. Gas exchange and leaf water potential of transplants were monitored. Small trees had greater shoot elongation than large trees during both growing seasons. In 1994, small trees had greater height increases than large trees. Trunk diameter increases of small transplants were twice those of large transplants in 1994. Photosynthesis, leaf conductance, transpiration, and water use efficiency were higher for small transplants than large transplants on every observation date. In August 1993, pre-dawn and daily leaf water potentials were higher (less negative) for small trees than for large trees.

scholarly journals Growth of Three Shade Tree Genera as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
R.D. Wright ◽  
E.B. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The influence of N rates and irrigation on shoot growth and trunk diameter were evaluated for red maple (Acer rubrum, L. ‘October Glory’), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh) and dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Barton’). Irrigation increased shoot growth and trunk diameter for all 3 species during the first 2 growing seasons. Tree height and trunk diameter at the end of the third growing season were also greater for irrigated trees. Increasing the N levels from 168 to 329 Kg N/ha (150 to 300 lb N/A) resulted in a decrease in trunk diameter the first year and a decrease in shoot growth the second year in ‘October Glory’ maple. No significant differences in oak growth due to N rate were observed. Shoot growth and trunk diameter for dogwood were greater at 329 kg N/ha (300 lb N/A) than at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/A) only the first year. Neither height or trunk diameter at end of the third year were significantly increased from applying the higher level of N for any of the genera.

scholarly journals Peroxidase Isozyme Profiles in Compatible and Incompatible Pear-Quince Graft Combinations

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Gulen ◽  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Ali Kuden ◽  
Stephen L. Krebs ◽  
Joseph Postman
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Peroxidase Isozyme ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Growth Vigor

The similarity or differences of peroxidase isozymes in rootstocks and scions may influence their graft compatibility. This study was conducted to identify peroxidase isozymes that may be used as markers to predict compatibility between pear (Pyrus communis L.) and various quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) clones. `Bartlett' (BT) and `Beurre Hardy' (BH) pear cultivars are known to form incompatible and compatible grafts, respectively, with quince rootstocks. The two pear scion cultivars were budded on `quince A' (QA), `quince BA-29', and 15 selected quince clones from Turkey. Bark and cambial tissues were taken from nonbudded rootstocks and scions, and 4 cm above and below the graft union for peroxidase isozyme analysis performed by starch gel electrophoresis. Isoperoxidase analyses were also performed on samples from the graft unions collected 12 months after grafting. Many isozyme bands were observed commonly in the two scions; however, one anodal peroxidase A was detected in BH (compatible scion) but not in BT (incompatible scion) samples. This isoperoxidase was also detected in QA, Quince BA-29, and nine of the Turkish quince clones. Another isoperoxidase, band B, was detected in BH but not in BT or any of the rootstocks. However, the compatible (BH/QA) and moderately compatible (BT/BA-29) graft union tissues contained bands A and B whereas incompatible graft union tissues (BT/QA) lacked both. Graft union samples involving BT and five Turkish quince clones (705, 609-2, 702, 804, and 806) had both `A' and `B' isoperoxidases while one or both of these bands were absent in nonbudded graft partners. Field observations of 3.5 year-old grafts of BT and Turkish quince clones revealed that the vegetative growth (vigor) of BT scion was significantly greater, when grafted on these five clones, than that in graft combinations with other clones. We suggest that matching of isoperoxidase `A' in quince rootstocks and BH pear scion may be associated with a compatible graft combination. Additionally, presence of isoperoxidases `A' and `B' in the graft union tissues may be used as an indicator to predict a compatible graft between BT and quince rootstocks.

scholarly journals Early Field Performance of Micropropagated Japanese Persimmon Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Tetsumura ◽  
Hisajiro Yukinaga ◽  
Ryutaro Tao
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Japanese Persimmon ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Outdoor Nursery

Growth of micropropagated Japanese persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Nishimurawase) during the initial 3 years after field establishment was compared with that of grafted trees on seedling stocks. Judging from the mean length of annual shoots per tree and the yearly increases in height, trunk diameter, and top and root dry mass, the grafted trees on seedling stocks grew poorly during the first and second growing seasons, while micropropagated trees, raised in an outdoor nursery, developed poorly only during the first growing season. In contrast, micropropagated trees raised in pots fared well soon after field establishment. These trees had more fine than middle and large roots; in contrast, grafted trees on seedling stocks had one large taproot, which died back to some extent after field establishment, with few fine roots.

scholarly journals Early Landscape Performance of 20 Field-Grown Birch Genotypes at Two Locations in Arkansas, U.S. and Response to Irrigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Gu ◽  
James Robbins ◽  
Curt Rom
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Change ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Survival And Growth

Twenty birch genotypes were planted in the field in April 2002 to evaluate their survival and growth at Fayetteville and Hope, Arkansas, U.S., and to evaluate their response to two irrigation regimes at Fayetteville. After four growing seasons, the overall tree survival was 62% and 30% at Fayetteville and Hope, respectively. Betula pendula ‘Trost’s Dwarf’, B. ermanii, and B. albosinensis were among genotypes with the lowest survival at both locations. Betula populifolia, B. nigra ‘BNMTF’, B. nigra ‘Cully’, and B. × ‘Royal Frost’ had greater survival after four growing seasons than the other birch genotypes investigated. Betula nigra ‘BNMTF’ and B. nigra ‘Cully’ were taller and had greater trunk diameter than the other surviving birch genotypes at both locations after four growing seasons. At the end of 2005, B. utilis var. jacquemontii was the shortest and had the smallest trunk diameter among the 18 surviving genotypes at Fayetteville, and B. papyrifera ‘Uenci’, B. populifolia ‘Whitespire’, B. maximowicziana, and B. lenta were the shortest and had the smallest trunk diameter among the 13 surviving genotypes at Hope. At Fayetteville, B. nigra and B. davurica had the greatest annual change in tree height in both 2004 and 2005, and B. davurica was among genotypes having the greatest annual change in trunk diameter in 2002, 2004, and 2005. At Hope, B. papyrifera had the greatest annual change in tree height in both 2004 and 2005, and B. davurica had the greatest annual change in trunk diameter in 2004. In 2005, annual change was not significant among birch genotypes at Hope. At Fayetteville, water-stress treatment reduced final tree height and trunk diameter in birch trees.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document