scholarly journals Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ramírez R. ◽  
Julián David Arias M. ◽  
Juan Carlos Bedoya ◽  
Ever Antoni Rueda L. ◽  
Claudia Yaneth Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Enhance Activity

<p>The demand for Hass avocado in the global market exceeds the supply by over 50%. Colombia has a remarkable advantage as a producer in the region due to its high yields. However, the productivity of this crop can be seriously affected by diseases such as root rot, caused by <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi,</em>  postharvest body rot and stem end rot, caused by <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp., respectively. The potential of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from avocado rhizosphere to produce inhibitory metabolites against avocado´s pathogens was evaluated. The antagonistic effect of the rhizobacteria against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, <em>Colletotrichum </em>sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. was tested through dual cultures. Thirty-six percent of the tested isolates presented inhibition halos against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, 36% against <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and 67% against <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. Additionally, three isolates were selected for fermentation tests using different broth cultures. The extracts obtained from fermentations in the minimal medium of isolates ARP5.1 and AED06 showed inhibitory activity against the evaluated pathogens, but this effect was not observed with the AED26 extract. The media supplemented with copper chloride did not enhance activity of the extracts. These results suggest that using microbial metabolic extracts is a viable alternative for controlling avocado pathogens<em> in vitro</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and Synergy with Ribavirin in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengliang Li ◽  
Zhanding Cui ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Liangting Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen causing widely prevalent upper respiratory disease for kitten and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, researches on FCV antiviral drugs have received much attention. Results: In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects against FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic effect against FCV in the F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F(ab’) 2 showed an antagonistic effect, likely because the copper chloride has an effect on the F(ab’) 2 immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition. Conclusions: In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects against FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus Unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Aires ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary and bacteria endophytes may increase their host overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing on orchards. 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Also, several endophytic isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth-promoters and pathogen antagonists.

scholarly journals Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and synergy with ribavirin in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dengliang li ◽  
Zhanding Cui ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Liangting Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common and highly prevalent pathogen causing upper respiratory diseases in kittens and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, research on FCV antiviral drugs has received much attention.Results: In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic protective effect against FCV in F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of copper chloride and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F(ab')2 showed an antagonistic effect, likely because copper chloride has an effect on F(ab')2 immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition.Conclusions: In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.

scholarly journals ​Effect of Different Media on In vitro Rooting in Different Cultivar of Lilium longiflorum Cv. Elite, Brunello, Cordelia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kundu ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Lathar ◽  
Sakshi .
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Increasing Demand

Background: Lilium (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) belongs to the family Liliaceae and is a native of Northern Hemisphere (up to South Canada and Siberia). Conventionally Lilium can easily be propagated by sexual and asexual methods of propagation but these prevalent methods are not capable of meeting the increasing demand in domestic and global market. Generally, Lilium is propagated through bulbs but, limited number of bulbs per plant, long dormancy period of bulbs which again results into non-availability of planting material throughout the year. Keeping in view the above facts, the present study was undertaken with the following objective: “To standardize the cost effective protocol for micro propagation of lilium to produce disease free and true to type plants at a faster rate”. Methods: The present investigation was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Centre for Research and Application in Plant Tissue Culture. The experiment was laid out in a C.R.D. (Factorial) with three replications. In vitro raised bulblets were separated out and were transferred on to the root regeneration media. Different levels of NAA were used in MS media for the rooting of in vitro raised bulblets and percent rooting of plantlet is recorded. Result: It was interesting to note that the media LR-3 (MS + NAA 1.0 mg/l) is most efficient for rooting in all type of cultivars. All the three cultivars used responded very poor on media LR-1 (MS basal).

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Arbutus unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Aitana Ares ◽  
Vinicius Casais ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Arbutus Unedo ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases, leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary, such as bacterial endophytes, which may increase their host’s overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing in orchards. A total of 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Several endophytic isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth promoters and pathogen antagonists.

scholarly journals Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and Synergy with Ribavirin in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dengliang li ◽  
Zhanding Cui ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Liangting Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen causing widely prevalent upper respiratory disease for kitten and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, researches on FCV antiviral drugs have received much attention. Results: In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects against FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic effect against FCV in the F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F(ab’)2 showed an antagonistic effect, likely because the copper chloride has an effect on the F(ab’)2 immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition.Conclusions: In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects against FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.

scholarly journals Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and synergy with ribavirin in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengliang Li ◽  
Zhanding Cui ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Liangting Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common and highly prevalent pathogen causing upper respiratory diseases in kittens and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, research on FCV antiviral drugs has received much attention. Results In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic protective effect against FCV in F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of copper chloride and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F (ab’)2 showed an antagonistic effect, likely because copper chloride has an effect on F (ab’)2 immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition. Conclusions In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.

scholarly journals Cellulase Activity as a Mechanism for Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot in Mulches

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantlee Spakes Richter ◽  
Kelly Ivors ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
D. M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Standard Curve

Wood-based mulches are used in avocado production and are being tested on Fraser fir for reduction of Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Research with avocado has suggested a role of microbial cellulase enzymes in pathogen suppression through effects on the cellulosic cell walls of Phytophthora. This work was conducted to determine whether cellulase activity could account for disease suppression in mulch systems. A standard curve was developed to correlate cellulase activity in mulches with concentrations of a cellulase product. Based on this curve, cellulase activity in mulch samples was equivalent to a cellulase enzyme concentration of 25 U ml–1 or greater of product. Sustained exposure of P. cinnamomi to cellulase at 10 to 50 U ml–1 significantly reduced sporangia production, but biomass was only reduced with concentrations over 100 U ml–1. In a lupine bioassay, cellulase was applied to infested soil at 100 or 1,000 U ml–1 with three timings. Cellulase activity diminished by 47% between 1 and 15 days after application. Cellulase applied at 100 U ml–1 2 weeks before planting yielded activity of 20.08 μmol glucose equivalents per gram of soil water (GE g–1 aq) at planting, a level equivalent to mulch samples. Cellulase activity at planting ranged from 3.35 to 48.67 μmol GE g–1 aq, but no treatment significantly affected disease progress. Based on in vitro assays, cellulase activity in mulch was sufficient to impair sporangia production of P. cinnamomi, but not always sufficient to impact vegetative biomass.

Morphilogy and Ultrastructure of in Vitro Cultures of Aortic Endothelial Cells Interacting with Antibodies

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Korach ◽  
D. Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Scanning Em

Adult pig aortas, sectioned longitudinally, were incubated in 0.1% collagenase-PBS (15 mn, 37°C). Gentle scraping of the lumenal surface resulted in high yields (3-4 x 106 cell/aorta) of viable endothelial cells, essentially devoid of other cell types by morphological and immunochemical (F VIII-antigen) criteria. Confluent monolayers were incubated for various times (5 mn to 1 wk) with decomplemented rabbit antisera raised against pig endothelial cells. Changes in cell morphology appeared to depend on antibody concentration rather than on duration of contact with antiserum. High concentrations of antiserum (5 to 20%) led to cytoplasmic shredding, bulging of cells and extensive vacuolization, whereas at lower concentrations, cells appeared almost normal. Transmission EM studies by the indirect immunoperoxydase method showed antibodies reacting with unfixed cells to be distributed all over the upper cell surface, in the outer parts of intercellular junctions, and within numerous pinocytotic vesicles. Much weaker reactions could also be seen at the lower cell surface. When viewed under the Scanning EM, antiserum-treated endothelial cells also disclosed antibody concentration-dependent bulging and release of cells from their substrate. In vitro studies of gradual modifications of vascular endothelial cells acted upon by antibodies should provide a better understanding of the structural and biochemical processes underlying endothelial damage and detachment.

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