scholarly journals Biomass decomposition dynamic in agroforestry systems with Theobroma cacao L. in Rionegro, Santander (Colombia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Rojas M. ◽  
Victor Caicedo ◽  
Yeirme Jaimes

The study was carried out in an agroforestry system (AFS) with cacao trees already established in La Suiza Research Center, Corpoica, located in Rionegro, Santander (Colombia). The objective was to evaluate biomass input and nutrient release rate of the species that comprise the AFS (Gmelina arbórea, Gliricidia sepium, Cedrela odorata, Theobroma cacao). The plant material decomposition process of the species was monitored with decomposition bags after 8, 15, 23, 84 and 113 days, evaluating remnant weight and nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium content. Results showed significant differences in plant material decomposition of the species considered. The largest weight loss was found in G. arborea (87.55%) and the lowest in C. odorata (40.01%). The highest nutrient release value was found in G. arborea followed by G. sepium, and the lowest in T. cacao and C. odorata.Therefore, depending on the species that comprise the AFS there is a differential leaf biomass decomposition dynamic and hence, of the nutrient input to the soil. Of the species evaluated the highest input of new organic matter to the soil in this AFS comes from G. arborea. Altogether, the litter generated by the species evaluated contributed with 10% of the nutrients required for a cacao harvest.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Rangel Mendoza ◽  
Amanda Silva Parra

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Agroforestry systems (AFS) and non-AFS of Theobroma cacao L. on soil and leaf litter quality, during rainy (RS) and dry (DS) seasons in a tropical zone. The treatments were T. cacao crop (CC), Yopo forestry (Anadenanthera peregrina L.) Speg. (YF), Acacia forestry (Acacia mangium Willd.) (AF), Agroforestry system of T. cacao + Yopo forestry (CYF), Agroforestry system of T. cacao + Acacia forestry (CAF), arranged in random design in the field. Leaf litter production was highest in CC (0.79 and 0.73 ton.ha-1) during RS and DS, respectively. CC and AFS improved soil fertility, less Mg in CC; AFS leaf litter quality, CAF in DS and CYF in both seasons, less B and S in DS. AFS can be a solution in tropical zones to solve the problems of low soil fertility.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Rigg-Aguilar ◽  
Róger Moya Roque

This study evaluated the properties of juvenile wood from 7-year-old Cedrela odorata trees in two populations with the same provenance and planted in an agroforestry system with Theobroma cacao (cacao). The morphological characteristics (diameter at breast height; heartwood, sapwood, bark, and pith percentages; and eccentricity of pith), physical properties (shrinkage, green moisture content, green density, and specific gravity) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending, compression stress, Janka hardness, tension stress and shear stress) were determined between two populations. The variation of the physical properties and morphological characteristics at different tree heights was also evaluated. The results showed that there were differences in both populations in terms of bark, pith, volumetric shrinkage, green moisture content, green density, MOR and MOE in bending, longitudinal compression and perpendicular tension. The results showed that population 2 presents better characteristics of growth and quality of wood for structural and furniture uses; hence, this population planted in agroforestry systems has good plantation conditions and wood quality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
William Ballesteros Possú ◽  
Jorge Fernando Navia ◽  
Jesus Geovanny Solarte

Cacao farmers face many challenges to increase yield while adjusting their farms to future environmental and socio-economic uncertainties. Improving the management practices of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation systems requires knowledge of their baseline and the determining factors affecting them. The main goal of this research was to characterize traditional cacao agroforestry systems of smallholder farmers in the Municipality of Tumaco, Nariño, Colombia. Using a semi-structured survey and a sample of 218 farmers, the socioeconomic characteristics of the cacao production system were analyzed. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) grouped and discriminated the cacao growers. The PCA formed five components representing 50.86% of the total variability, while the ACM grouped them into five factors explaining 29.82% of the variability. The cacao cultivation is a traditional activity of smallholder farmers with very low yields. The age of the farmers is over 50 years old, with despicable levels of education; there was no evidence of generational change. The study shows that the traditional cacao production system is not an attractive activity for young people or investors given its marginality and low economic projection. Timely strategies and subsequent early actions will be imperative to face the main environmental, socio-economic, and productive challenges, which will allow the cacao activity to be a source of well-being for cacao growers and the environment in the region.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.


1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beer ◽  
A. Bonnemann ◽  
W. Chavez ◽  
H. W. Fassbender ◽  
A. C. Imbach ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Cardinael ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Tiphaine Chevallier ◽  
Christian Dupraz ◽  
Thomas Cozzi ◽  
...  

Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia × nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation –, and measure SOC stocks down 2 m depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (+1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m depth. The model described properly the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, modeling revealed a strong priming effect that would reduce the potential SOC storage due to higher organic inputs in the agroforestry system by 75 to 90 %. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further studies given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufan Alam ◽  
Priyono Suryanto ◽  
Supriyanta Supriyanta ◽  
Panjisakti Basunanda ◽  
Rani Agustina Wulandari ◽  
...  

Abstract. Alam T, Suryanto P, Supriyanta, Basunanda P, Wulandari RA, Kastono D, Widyawan MH, Nurmansyah, Taryono. 2021. Rice cultivar selection in an agroforestry system through GGE-biplot and EBLUP. Biodiversitas 22: 4750-4757. Genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) causes differences in the productivity of rice cultivars in agroforestry systems. For this reason, the stability of rice cultivars is an important aspect that should be considered before a cultivar is recommended to farmers. Superior genotypes and ideal environments are commonly identified using two statistical models, namely, genotype–genotype-by-environment biplot (GGE-biplot) and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). In this study, 15 rice cultivars were evaluated in terms of their productivity and stability in three soil types (Lithic Haplusterts, Ustic Epiaquerts, and Vertic Haplustalfs) in an agroforestry system with kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) in 2019 and 2020 at the Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen Forest Section, Yogyakarta Forest Management District, Indonesia. The cultivars were treated as random effects to select and obtain the EBLUP of the best cultivars in each soil type. The EBLUP revealed that Situ Patenggang showed the highest yields of 4.887 and 5.456 tons ha?1 in Lithic Haplusterts and Vertic Haplustalfs, respectively. GM 28 exhibited the highest yield of 6.492 tons ha?1 in Ustic Epiaquerts. Ciherang, GM 2, GM 8, GM 11, GM 28, Inpari 6 Jete, Inpari 33, IR-64, and Way Apo Buru were classified as stable and fairly stable cultivars, whereas the other cultivars were unstable. Therefore, rice cultivars with high yields in specific soil types should be selected.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Magioni Marçal ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares ◽  
Camila Viana Vieira Farhate ◽  
Stanley Robson Medeiros Oliveira ◽  
...  

This study aims to assess the carbon stock in a pasture area and fragment of forest in natural regeneration, given the importance of agroforestry systems in mitigating gas emissions which contribute to the greenhouse effect, as well as promoting the maintenance of agricultural productivity. Our other goal was to predict the carbon stock, according to different land use systems, from physical and chemical soil variables using the Random Forest algorithm. We carried out our study at an Entisols Quartzipsamments area with a completely randomized experimental design: four treatments and six replites. The treatments consisted of the following: (i) an agroforestry system developed for livestock, (ii) an agroforestry system developed for fruit culture, (iii) a conventional pasture, and (iv) a forest fragment. Deformed and undeformed soil samples were collected in order to analyze their physical and chemical properties across two consecutive agricultural years. The response variable, carbon stock, was subjected to a boxplot analysis and all the databases were used for a predictive modeling which in turn used the Random Forest algorithm. Results led to the conclusion that the agroforestry systems developed both for fruit culture and livestock, are more efficient at stocking carbon in the soil than the pasture area and forest fragment undergoing natural regeneration. Nitrogen stock and land use systems are the most important variables to estimate carbon stock from the physical and chemical variables of soil using the Random Forest algorithm. The predictive models generated from the physical and chemical variables of soil, as well as the Random Forest algorithm, presented a high potential for predicting soil carbon stock and are sensitive to different land use systems.


2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Moitinho ◽  
Laura Bononi ◽  
Danilo T. Souza ◽  
Itamar S. Melo ◽  
Rodrigo G. Taketani

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