Experimental study of petrophysical properties of a tight formation by considering the clay minerals and flow sensitivities

Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of rock, X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals types and components, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and sensitivity flow experiments methods were used toresearch the effects of clay minerals on the porosity and permeability of Ordos Basin’s tight Chang 7 reservoir (Zhenbei area). These methods were also used to analyze the type, degree, and factors affecting reservoir sensitivity. The research showed that the reservoir possessed poor water, salt, and alkali sensitivity, poor to strong acid sensitivity and none to poor velocity sensitivity. Acid sensitivity among them had comparatively large differences, mainly because acid sensitivity was not only affected by chlorite but also by components of carbonate minerals. Stress sensitivity experiment results showed that the maximum degree of permeability damage in the rocks of this reservoir was median to very strong; irreversible damage level was weak to strong. Consequently, the experimental studies are favorable to not only determine the factor dominating the petrophysical properties of the tight formation, but also to optimize the follow-up development strategies, e.g. injection schedule and hydraulic fracturing implement. Estudio Experimental de las propiedades petrofísicas de una formación compacta al considerar las arcillas minerales y las respuestas de flujo ResumenEste trabajo utilizó análisis cuantitativos de rocas por difracción de rayos X, análisis de los tipos y componentes de arcillas minerales por difracción de rayos X, análisis con el microscopio electrónico de efecto de campo (FESEM, del inglés Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) y ensayos de respuesta de flujo para investigar los efectos de las arcillas minerales en la porosidad y permeabilidad del depósito Chang 7, en la cuenca del Ordos (región Zhenbei). Estos métodos también se utilizaron para analizar el tipo, el grado y los factores que afectan la respuesta del depósito. La investigación demuestra que el depósito posee poca agua, sal y respuesta alcalina, baja a fuerte respuesta de acidez, y ninguna a baja respuesta de velocidad. Entre estas características, la respuesta de acidez presentó grandes diferencias comparativas debido a que está afectada tanto por el clorito como por los componentes de minerales carbonatos. Los resultados de los ensayos de respuesta de tensión muestran que el máximo grado de daño por permeabilidad en las rocas del depósito es de mediano a muy fuerte; el nivel de daño irreversible va de débil hasta fuerte. Por lo tanto lo estudios experimentales son favorables no solo para determinar el factor dominante en las propiedades petrofísicas de la formación compacta sino también para optimizar las futuras estrategias de desarrollo, como una programación de las tareas de inyección y la implementación de la fractura hidráulica.

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Luminescent PAN Fibers Doped with Tb3+ by Electrospinning

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.448 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 278-280 ◽

pp. 448-451

Author(s):

Dong Mei Zhao ◽

Yu Hong Du ◽

Tao Jiang ◽

Xu Duo Bai ◽

Hong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Field Emission ◽

Composite Fibers ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Pan Fibers ◽

Spun Fibers

In this study, monodispersed Tb3+ ions were successfully dispersed in the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution. Tb3+/PAN composite fibers were fabricated by electrospinning the PAN solutions containing different amount of Tb3+ ions. Further investigation showed that Tb3+ ions were homogeneously dispersed in the fibers individually. The composite fibers showed a uniform and continuous morphology. The as-spun fibers were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)

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Analisis Struktur Kristal dan Sifat Kemagnetan Material Komposit Perovskite Manganit Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3/ZnO

Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics ◽

10.15408/fiziya.v3i1.16158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Muhammad Umar Faruqi ◽

Arif Tjahjono ◽

Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Field Emission ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Space Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Characterization Test ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstrakPerovskite manganit merupakan salah satu rekayasa material yang dapat menghasilkan perubahan fenomena fisika. Telah berhasil dibuat material berbasis perovskite manganit Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 menggunakan metode sol-gel¬ dan dikompositkan dengan ZnO (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x (x = 0; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7). Hasil pengujian X-Ray Diffraction menunjukkan sampel Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 berstruktur tunggal ortorombik dan sampel ZnO pada (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)0,5/(ZnO)0,5 berstruktur heksagonal tunggal. Hasil pengujian Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan sampel telah homogen dengan rata-rata ukuran butir 0,188 μm. Hasil pengujian Vibrating Sample Magnetometer menunjukkan sampel (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)0,5/(ZnO)0,5 bersifat paramagnetik dan mengalami penurunan sifat magnetik juga suseptibilitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi material ZnO. AbstractPerovskite manganite is one of the manipulation materials that can produce changes in physical phenomena. Perovskite material Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 has been made with the sol-gel method and then composites with ZnO (Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x (x = 0; 0.3; 0.5, 0, 7). The results of the X-Ray Diffraction characterization test showed samples of Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 and ZnO each with a single orthorhombic phase with a Pnma space group and a single hexagonal with a P63mc space group. The results of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope characterization test showed that the samples were homogeneous with an average grain size of 0,188 μm. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer characterization test results show composite material (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x are paramagnetic and the increasing composition of ZnO material decreases the magnetization and susceptibility value of sample

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Analisis Fasa, Struktur Kristal dan Sifat Kemagnetan Material Komposit Berbasis Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 / Fe2O3

Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics ◽

10.15408/fiziya.v3i2.17638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 114-122

Author(s):

Mujadid Al-Rabi ◽

Arif Tjahjono ◽

Sitti Ahmiatri Saptari

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Field Emission ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Space Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Pada penelitian ini dipelajari rekayasa struktur material komposit berbasis neodymium manganit, yang dimulai dengan mensintesis material Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 (NSMO) dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel, lalu dilanjutkan dengan sintesis material komposit (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)1-x/(Fe2O3)x (x= 0; 0,3; 0,5 dan 0,7). Sampel dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) menunjukkan bahwa sampel NSMO memiliki struktur kristal orthorombik dengan space group P n m a, pengkompositan dengan Fe2O3 tidak menyebabkan perubahan struktur tetapi muncul fasa lain yang ditandai dengan adanya puncak difraksi milik Fe2O3. Karakterisasi FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) menunjukkan persebaran butir yang merata dengan ukuran butir rata-rata 0.186 μm. Karakterisasi VSM (Vibrating Sample Magnetometer) pada temperatur ruang (298 K) dengan medan magnet 5 T, menunjukkan material komposit NSMO / Fe2O3 bersifat paramagnetik dan nilai magnetisasi serta susceptibilitas sampel semakin menurun seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi Fe2O3.

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In Situ Thermal Oxidation Route to SnO2 Nanostructures

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.538.150 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 538 ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

Tian Hong Guo ◽

Juan Li ◽

Yong Cai Zhang ◽

Zhan Jun Yang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Thermal Oxidation ◽

Field Emission ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Sno2 Nanostructures ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

An in situ thermal oxidation strategy was proposed for synthesizing different SnO2 nanostructures, using our homemade SnS2 nanoplates as a precursor. The characterization results from X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscope revealed that the heating temperature played an important role in the microstructure and composition of the resultant products. By heating the SnS2 nanoplates in air at 400, 600 and 800 °C for 5 h, nanoplates, a mixture of nanoplates and nanoparticles, and nanoparticles of SnO2 were synthesized, respectively. The residual S was about 2.2 mol % in the product synthesized at 400 °C, while no residual S was detected in the products synthesized at 600 and 800 °C.

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PENGGUNAAN TiO2 PARTIKEL NANO HASIL SINTESIS BERBASIS AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA SOL-GEL PADA BAHAN KAPAS SEBAGAI APLIKASI UNTUK TEKSTIL ANTI UV

Arena Tekstil ◽

10.31266/at.v28i1.1434 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maya Komalasari ◽

Bambang Sunendar

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Nano Tio2 ◽

X Ray ◽

Infra Red ◽

Scanning Electron

Partikel nano TiO2 berbasis air dengan pH basa telah berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode sol-gel dan diimobilisasi pada kain kapas dengan menggunakan kitosan sebagai zat pengikat silang. Sintesis dilakukan dengan prekursor TiCl4 pada konsentrasi 0,3 M, 0,5 M dan 1 M, dan menggunakan templat kanji dengan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 500˚C selama 2 jam. Partikel nano TiO2 diaplikasikan ke kain kapas dengan metoda pad-dry-cure dan menggunakan kitosan sebagai crosslinking agent. Berdasarkan hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),diketahui bahwa morfologi partikel TiO2 berbentuk spherical dengan ukuran nano (kurang dari 100 nm). Karakterisasi X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan adanya tiga tipe struktur kristal utama, yaitu (100), (101) dan (102) dengan fasa kristal yang terbentuk adalah anatase dan rutile. Pada karakterisasi menggunakan SEM terhadap serbuk dari TiO2 yang telah diaplikasikan ke permukaan kain kapas, terlihat adanya imobilisasi partikel nano TiO2 melalui ikatan hidrogen silang dengan kitosan pada kain kapas. Hasil analisa tersebut kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) yang hasilnya memperlihatkan puncak serapan pada bilangan gelombang 3495 cm-1, 2546 cm-1, dan 511 cm-1, yang masing-masing diasumsikan sebagai adanya vibrasi gugus fungsi O-H, N-H dan Ti-O-Ti. Hasil SEM menunjukkan pula bahwa kristal nano yang terbentuk diantaranya adalah fasa rutile , yang berdasarkan literatur terbukti dapatberfungsi sebagai anti UV.

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Effect of the Neodymium Content on Mechanical Properties of the Electro-Brush Plated Nano-Al2O3/Ni Composite Coating

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.277 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 525-526 ◽

pp. 277-280

Author(s):

Guo Jin ◽

Xiu Fang Cui ◽

Er Bao Liu ◽

Qing Fen Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Composite Coating ◽

Nanoindentation Test ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Small Cracks ◽

Scanning Electron

The effect of the neodymium content on mechanical properties of the electro-brush plated nanoAl2O3/Ni composite coating was investigated in this paper. The microstructure and phase structure were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and abrasion properties of several coatings with different neodymium content were studied by nanoindentation test and friction / wear experiment. Results show that the coatings are much finer and more compact when the neodymium was added, and the hardness and abrasion property of the coatings with neodymium were improved obviously. Besides, the small cracks conduced by the upgrowth stress in the coatings were ameliorated when the rare earth neodymium was added. The improvement mechanism was further discussed.

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Effect of Briquetting Pressure on the Performance of In Situ Formed Sialon in Al2O3-C Refractory Bricks

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 881-883 ◽

pp. 1049-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nai Peng ◽

Cheng Ji Deng ◽

Hong Xi Zhu

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Z Value ◽

Refractory Bricks ◽

Scanning Electron

In this paper, the effects of briquetting pressure on the performance of in-situ formed Sialon in Al2O3-C refractory bricks are investigated. The phase compositions and microstructure of the Al2O3-C refractory were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show the briquetting pressure hardly has effect on the phase of the sintered specimens, two new phases of Sialon with a Z value of 2 and SiC formed. The micrographs of Sialon crystals have the shape of both column and tabular column, but with a cone tip in the specimens sintered at 200MPa and 300MPa and smooth tip in specimens sintered at 400MPa and 500MPa.

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Effect of Nickel on Titanium Carbide Synthesized via Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.384 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 620 ◽

pp. 384-388

Author(s):

Sharifah Aishah Syed Salim ◽

Julie Juliewatty Mohamed ◽

Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽

Zainal Arifin Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Powder Mixture ◽

Raw Material ◽

Inert Gas ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Arc Melting ◽

Elemental Powder Mixture ◽

Scanning Electron

Numerous methods have been used to produce high purity TiC. There is no previous study has been reported on the formation using single elemental powders of Titanium (Ti) and Carbon (C) with addition Nickel (Ni) by tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld method. In this work, TiC was synthesized via TIG method by arc melting elemental powder mixture of Ti and C at ~5 second (s) and 80 ampere (A). The effect Ni contents on TiC formation was investigated. The mixed raw material was ball milled for 24 hours followed by synthesis via TIG method. The arced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was revealed, that small amount of Ni additive to the metal powder allows the production of dense and tough TiC.

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Supplementary X-ray studies of the Ni-Sn-Bi system

Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B Metallurgy ◽

10.2298/jmmb0702141v ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 141-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G.P. Vassilev ◽

K.I. Lilova ◽

J.C. Gachon

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Phase Equilibria ◽

Ternary Compound ◽

Approximate Formula ◽

Ternary Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Diffraction Peaks ◽

Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria were studied in the system Ni-Sn-Bi. Special attention has been paid to the identification of the recently found ternary phase. For this purpose samples were synthesized using intimately mixed powders. After annealing and quenching, all alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. The results give evidences about the existence of a ternary compound with approximate formula Ni6Sn2Bi to Ni7Sn2Bi. Overlapping of some neighboring diffraction peaks of this phase with NiBi and Ni3Sn_LT is the reason for the difficulties related to the X-ray diffraction identification of the ternary phase.

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Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Forsterit-Karbon Tersintesis dalam Medium Gas Argon

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ◽

10.20961/alchemy.16.2.34845.12-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Solihudin Solihudin ◽

Haryono Haryono ◽

Atiek Rostika Noviyanti ◽

Muhammad Rizky Ridwansyah

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Argon Gas ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Komposit forsterit-karbon merupakan salah satu material modifikasi dari forsterit yang berpotensi memiliki sifat isolator panas baik. Karbon dalam komposit dapat mengisi cacat titik pada kristal forsterit. Arang sekam padi (residu gasifikasi) mengandung SiO2 amorf dan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dalam medium gas inert (dengan pengaliran gas argon) terhadap karakteristik komposit forsterit-karbon dari arang sekam padi dan magnesium karbonat. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi arang sekam padi hasil gasifikasi, dan sintesis forsterit-karbon. Proses sintesis komposit forsterit karbon dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan arang sekam padi dengan kalium karbonat pada rasio mol magmesium terhadap silikon sebesar 2 : 1 kemudian dikalsinasi dengan suhu divariasikan (700, 800, 900, dan 1000 oC). Selanjutnya sampel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa forsterit mulai terbentuk pada suhu kalisiasi 800 oC dan sempurna pada suhu 1000 oC, karenanya komposit yang terbentuk pada 1000 oC dimungkinkan sebagai forsterit-karbon, di mana unsur-unsur yang terkandung ditunjukkan oleh SEM-EDS. The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of Forsterite-Carbon Composites Synthesized in Argon Gas Medium. Forsterite-carbon composite is one of the material modifications of forsterite, which potentially has a good heat insulation property. Carbon in composites can fill point defects in forsterite crystals. Rice husk charcoal, as gasification residues, contains high amorphous SiO2 and carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the calcination of a mixture of rice husk charcoal and magnesium carbonate under an inert gas (argon gas) on the characteristics of the forsterite-carbon composite produced. The experimental research performed includes the preparation of gasified rice husk charcoal and the synthesis of the carbon-forsterite composite. The synthesis process of the carbon-forsterite composites was carried out by mixing rice husk charcoal with potassium carbonate at a mole ratio of magnesium to silicon of 2 : 1. The mixture was then calcined with varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). Furthermore, the synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The FTIR and XRD analysis show that the forsterites began to form at a calcination temperature of 800 °C and perfectly formed at a temperature of 1000 °C; therefore, the composite formed at 1000 °C is possible as forsterite-carbon, in which the contained elements were indicated by SEM-EDS.

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