scholarly journals Noctuid moths as potential hybridization agents for Platanthera orchids

Lankesteriana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Esposito ◽  
Thomas Merckx ◽  
Daniel Tyteca
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Autographa Gamma ◽  
Nocturnal Pollinators ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Zoophilous flowering plants communicate with pollinators to ensure pollen transfer. Pin-pointing which species are effective pollinators is not only essential to better understand plant-pollinator networks, but equally so to better understand the potential of hybridization in plant systems, such as in orchids. As a case study, we studied two sympatric populations of the congeneric orchids Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha in order to assess their nocturnal pollinators by checking which moth species carried pollinaria, and of which orchid species. Moths carrying Platanthera pollinaria were photographed and identified. The carried pollinaria were identified and counted, and their attachment position on the moth’s head was scored. Based on these observations we show that three species of noctuid moths visited the Platanthera inflorescences. Although Noctua pronuba visited P. chlorantha, only Cucullia umbratica and Autographa gamma turned out to be potential pollinators for both orchid species. As such, we here demonstrate that the latter two noctuids have high potential to facilitate hybridization among these two orchid species, especially so in sympatric populations. 

Trends in the pollination ecology of the Orchidaceae: evolution and systematics

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Louis Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Pollinator Specialization ◽  
The Cost

Reduction in the number of pollinator species per plant species is a mechanism that may lower the cost of pollen transfer. Using efficient pollinators may have an evolutionary significance. It is hypothesized that an evolutionary trend from many pollinators to few pollinators per plant species should be observable when species from ancestral versus recently derived monophyletic taxon are compared. Three different orchid phylogenetic sequences are used; two of the phylogenies show a reduction in the number of pollinator species per orchid species from the most ancestral to the most recently derived subfamilies. The third classification did not show this trend. It is thus possible to observe macroevolution of pollinator specialization of a monophyletic plant taxon. Key words: evolution, pollination, systematics, Orchidaceae, evolutionary ecology.

scholarly journals A perspective on crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis evolution of orchids on different continents: Dendrobium as a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (22) ◽  
pp. 6611-6619
Author(s):  
Ming-He Li ◽  
Ding-Kun Liu ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Hua Deng ◽  
Xiong-De Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cam Species ◽  
Climatic Cooling ◽  
Cam Photosynthesis

Abstract Members of the Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering plants, evolved the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis strategy. It is thought that CAM triggers adaptive radiation into new niche spaces, yet very little is known about its origin and diversification on different continents. Here, we assess the prevalence of CAM in Dendrobium, which is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and found in a wide range of environments, from the high altitudes of the Himalayas to relatively arid habitats in Australia. Based on phylogenetic time trees, we estimated that CAM, as determined by δ 13C values less negative than –20.0‰, evolved independently at least eight times in Dendrobium. The oldest lineage appeared in the Asian clade during the middle Miocene, indicating the origin of CAM was associated with a pronounced climatic cooling that followed a period of aridity. Divergence of the four CAM lineages in the Asian clade appeared to be earlier than divergence of those in the Australasian clade. However, CAM species in the Asian clade are much less diverse (25.6%) than those in the Australasian clade (57.9%). These findings shed new light on CAM evolutionary history and the aridity levels of the paleoclimate on different continents.

scholarly journals Potential of dust emission resources using small wind tunnel and GIS: case study of Bakhtegan playa, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siroos Karimzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Taghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Medium Potential

Abstract Determination of the high potential of dust emission is a requisite affair in the management of dusts emission and as well as avoiding its risks. Wind tunnel is among the most important approaches in the study of areas having high potential in emitting dusts. Extensive dried playas and desert areas require the making of low-cost, simple, and car-portable tunnels capable of presenting comparable data of various areas even supposing not having enough precision in the model of real wind motion. In this study, we first engaged in making a car-portable tunnel with a primarily semicircle section of 38 cm height, 50 cm diameter, and 110 cm length. A fan and key appliance with the ability to change speed were used along with a simple transformer launched with car battery. Then, concentration of the pm10 dusts was measured in the various wind speeds of 1, 2.5, 4, 5.5, and 7 m/s by the help of anemometer and digital equipments. The study of Bakhtegan playa was done, as the methodology of handling with this tunnel, in 35 positions, and zoning of the results was performed via ArcGIS software. Depending on the destructibility of the shell by wind, the areas under study were categorized as low potential (34%), medium potential (37%), and high potential (29%) in emitting dusts. The results of zoning spotted the high-potential areas on the map. The usage of small tunnels, as in the present model, may be applied in order for the low-cost and fast studies of vast areas to the purpose of playas management.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Scaven ◽  
Nicole E. Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Pollination Success ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Abstract Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interactions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summarize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also consider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to warming, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating insects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service.

scholarly journals Cultural Ecosystem Services Assessment Based on Geomorphological Approach – Case Study in Sapa, Lao Cai Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Kinh Bac ◽  
Dang Van Bao ◽  
Benjamin Burkhard ◽  
Felix Müller ◽  
Giang Tuan Linh
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Lao Cai ◽  
Recreation And Tourism

Recently, ecosystem services assessment has been developed as an effective tool to exchange and understand science, develop policies, especially in cultural ecosystem services. However, quantification and mapping of cultural ecosystem services are obstructed by complications in their definitions and suitable indicators. It can be solved based on a geomorphological approach. The similarities of related indicators between geomorphological resources and cultural ecosystem services can be a helpful key for quantifying a recreation and tourism, landscape aesthetics and cultural identity in a particular region. Therefore, study applied an Analytical Hiearchy Process (AHP) to cultural ecosystem services assessment in Sapa, Lao Cai province. Six indicators relating to geomorphology, ecology and social were used in the process. Results indicated a high potential of cultural ecosystem services supply in research area, especially in forest, water bodies and paddy fields. Two local regions, that have not brought into play their available geomorphological potential, need to be invested for cultural ecosystem services.

scholarly journals The seed productivity and similarity of seeds of early flowing plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
O. N. Kurdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Natural Flora

Seed productivity of 22 early flowering plants of the natural flora of the Kamensky geobotanical region, introduced into the culture and used in landscaping, has been established. It was shown that the actual average seed productivity of one individual of various plant species varies from 12 to 373 pcs., And the maximum - from 20 to 448 pcs. seeds, which is 10 to 90% of the potential. In most species, high actual seed productivity is combined with high potential productivity. Field germination of seeds of all plant species was higher when sowing with freshly harvested seeds within 5-14 days after ripening. Storage of seeds at a temperature of 18,0-20,0ºС followed by sowing them in the spring led to a significant decrease in germination.

scholarly journals The effect of understory plants on pollinators visitation in coffee plantations: Case study of coffee plantations in West Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH ◽  
CLARISA DITY ANDARI ◽  
PARIKESIT PARIKESIT ◽  
NURULLIA FITRIANI
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
West Java ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Observation Units ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Withaningsih S, Andari CD, Parikesit, Fitriani N. 2018. The effect of understory plants on pollinators visitation in coffee plantations: Case study of coffee plantations in West Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 554-562. West Java is one of the excellent producers of the most expensive coffee in the world (Kopi Luwak). Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the crops that require insect pollination for fruit formation. Coffee production in Indonesia is declining in recent years despite the expansion of coffee cultivation area that increases by 2-5 times. The decline in coffee production has been associated with fewer visitations of pollinator insects. Visitations of pollinator insects can improve the quality and quantity of coffee, mainly from the abundance and diversity of pollinator insect. Abundance and diversity of pollinator insects can be improved by to providing them with flowering plants such as understory plants. This study aimed to prove the effect of the existence of flowering plants on the visitation of pollinator insects. Pollinator insects visiting coffee flowers were observed with an observation method in two observation units. The first unit was the location with understory plants while the second was the location without understory plants. The results showed that the abundance of pollinator insects visiting coffee flowers in unit 1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in unit 2. However, the diversity of pollinator insects between the two locations did not differ significantly (P> 0.05).

scholarly journals Using traditional ecological knowledge in discovery of rare plants: a case study from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
Kristóf Süveges ◽  
Zsolt Molnár ◽  
Viktor Löki
Keyword(s):  
Rare Plants ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Information ◽  
Kitchen Gardens ◽  
New Locations

<p>Sustainable (and adaptive) management of natural resources is usually based on long term local experiences with nature. Local traditional communities often possess rich ecological knowledge connected to nature and traditional resource use and management. This knowledge can provide unexpected new information for researchers, and show new opportunities and ways for professionals in conserving rare and threatened species.</p><p>We found significant new populations of the rare <em>Ophrys lesbis</em> in a private area next to the settlement of Çamlık, Muğla, and <em>Orchis punctulata</em> in the graveyard of Kadılar, Antalya with the help of local rural people. We firstly report the replanting of some orchid species (<em>Orchis papilionacea</em>, <em>O. italica</em>, and <em>Barlia robertiana</em>) in kitchen gardens of Çamlık and Bayır, in Muğla Province.</p><p>The presence of significant orchid populations (e.g., the biggest ever found for <em>Ophrys lesbis</em>) in an area, where local owners have been actively harvesting salep from year to year for decades suggests that the moderate salep harvesting can be sustainable for long run. Based on our observations, Turkish salep harvesters can help botanists and conservationists find new locations of rare threatened orchid populations, and therefore indirectly help in conserve these populations.</p>

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