scholarly journals Foliar anatomy of ten genotypes of the plant Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Alberto Marín Colorado ◽  
Edgar Rincón ◽  
James Montoya Lerma
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Special Provision

Abstract. Introduction: Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) is a perennial shrub native to South America that is an essential source of carbohydrates for more than 600 million people in tropical countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the leaf blade anatomy of ten genotypes of cassava. Methods: The methodology for anatomical descriptions was processed and 30 leaves of each of the varieties were included and sectioned according to paraffin impregnation protocols. Results: The results showed that the leaf blade anatomical structure of all the varieties in general terms show differences. All varieties had monostratified epidermis, leaf mesophyll consisted of a palisade parenchyma in a single layer and multiple layers of spongy parenchyma. Polyphenolic idioblasts were observed immersed in the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Between 3-7 xylem ribs with their respective phloem were found in the midrib in almost all varieties. Trichomes were only found in two varieties (NAT31-ECU72) and leaves were all hipostomatic. Conclusions: The results reveal that NAT31 is the material with the most anatomically marked differences (i.e. presence of trichomes, papillary cell, and, on the adaxial face, special provision in the arrangement of stomata and epicuticle wax patterns), characteristics that might be related to pest resistance.

Étude de l'influence de quelques composés chimiques sur le contact parenchyme palissadique – parenchyme lacuneux : répercussion sur la morphogenèse du limbe de Manihot esculenta Crantz

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-457
Author(s):  
R. Médard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Laminar Organization ◽  
A 23187

To test the involvement of (i) the cell wall, (ii) the contact between cell wall and plasmalemma, (iii) the plasmalemma, and (iv) the cytoskeleton, in both (i) the regulation of the mesophyllian mitotic activity and (ii) the establishment of the laminar organization, various chemicals were microinjected into the apoplasm lying between the spongy and palisade parenchymas. Chemicals modifying cell wall structure did not disturb laminar morphogenesis. Alteration of the cytoskeleton did not change laminar mitotic pattern. However, plasmalemma disturbance by chemicals (detergents, KCl, urea, ionophore A 23187) added from the middle of the 2nd to the 5th plastochron resulted in (i) the development of organoid enations, thus showing an alteration in the regulation of the mitotic activity, and (ii) the formation of dark spots, probably owing to the thickening of the palisade parenchyma, thus showing a transient alteration of the laminar mitotic pattern.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy and morphometry in three eucalypt clones treated with glyphosate

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD. Tuffi Santos ◽  
BF. Sant'Anna-Santos ◽  
RMSA. Meira ◽  
FA. Ferreira ◽  
RAS. Tiburcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Blade Thickness ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated drift of glyphosate on the morphoanatomy of three eucalypt clones and to correlate the intoxication symptoms on a microscopic scale with those observed in this visual analysis. The effects of glyphosate drift were proportional to the five doses tested, with Eucalyptus urophylla being more tolerant to the herbicide than E. grandis and urograndis hybrid. The symptoms of intoxication which were similar for the different clones at 7 and 15 days after application were characterized by leaf wilting, chlorosis and curling and, at the highest rates, by necrosis, leaf senescence and death. Anatomically glyphosate doses higher than 86.4 g.ha-1 caused cellular plasmolysis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia, formation of the cicatrization tissue and dead cells on the adaxial epidermis. The spongy parenchyma had a decrease, and the palisade parenchyma and leaf blade thickness had an increase. The increased thickness in leaf blade and palisade parenchyma may be related to the plant response to glyphosate action, as a form of recovering the photosynthetically active area reduced by necroses and leaf senescence caused by the herbicide.

La dorsoventralité initiale de l'ébauche foliaire du Manihot esculenta

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2273-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Médard
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Minor Injuries ◽  
Significant Injury

The purpose of this work was to investigate the basis of early dorsiventrality of the leaf and to determine what effects mature dorsiventral leaf characteristics, such as collateral bundles or lamina with adaxial palisade parenchyma and abaxial spongy parenchyma. Dorsiventrality was expressed initially by the differentiation of the primordium into two areas, one abaxial and the other adaxial, in contact with each other. From this contact and through meristematic activity arise the collateral bundles and the lamina. Any significant injury to the primordia caused total or partial disappearance of the more delicate adaxial area and, consequently, total or partial lack of collateral bundles and (or) lamina. This modification led to the development of various abnormal leaves, such as centric organs, scyphi, and leaves with round-tipped lobes. Minor injuries restricted to the abaxial–adaxial contact could induce lamina teratogenesis in the form of organoid enations. These results indicate that this contact controls the organogenesis of the lamina.

La détermination de la forme des lobes du limbe de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
R. Médard ◽  
R. Miesch
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Apical Direction ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
The Way

The shape of the leaf blade of each lobe is progressively settled in. First, the midvein separates two lateral areas with equivalent mitotic potentialities. In each of these lateral areas, these potentialities, which at first are evenly spread out, are then concentrated only in the basal part, which will be referred to as the leaf blade generative center. Great regulation potentialities are maintained in these centers throughout their duration, i.e., over three plastochrons. Cellular clusters, which will progressively differentiate and correlatively lose their abilities to regulate, arise from generative centers toward an apical direction. The evenness of the lamina edge is linked with the wholeness of the generative centers. Any subdivision of any one of these centers will generate a lobule, which, in turn, will behave as a miniature lobe. The subdivision occurs as a result of cutting but can also be achieved by application of exogenous cytokinin. The physiological and biochemical mediums of mitotic potentialities are still to be found. It is the same for the way the cytokinins act. Key words: cassava, leaf blade, morphogenesis, cytokinin.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

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