scholarly journals Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dog dental plaque

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
S. Nouri Gharajalar ◽  
M. Onsori
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are a major health care problem both in humans and animals. In this work we described three multiplex PCR assays for detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in S. aureus isolated from dog dental plaques. Thirty dental plaque samples were collected; then cultural, biochemical and molecular tests performed for isolation and identification of S. aureus from samples. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were checked by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes determined using multiplex PCR assay. As a result S. aureus was isolated from 18 dog plaque samples. Fifteen of these isolates were resistant to penicillin. The mecA gene was more prevalent than blaZ among penicillin-resistant bacteria. Ten of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. The percentage of tetM was higher than tetK among them. Also, 10 of the isolates were resistant to cefazolin among them bla TEM detected in higher rate than blaSHV and blaOXA-1. Hence multiplex PCR assay is a suitable method for detection of antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus isolates.

Investigating the toxin profiles and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates using multiplex-PCR assay in Tehran, Iran

Gene Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 100660
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Houri ◽  
Maryam Samadpanah ◽  
Zahra Tayebi ◽  
Reza Norouzzadeh ◽  
Ebadallah Shiri Malekabad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

Multiplex PCR detection of the antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from auricular infections

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zmantar ◽  
K. Chaieb ◽  
F. Ben Abdallah ◽  
A. Ben Kahla-Nakbi ◽  
A. Ben Hassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Detection

scholarly journals Prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons among the multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddadi Azam ◽  
Somayeh Mikaili Ghezeljeh ◽  
Shavandi Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance is a serious problem in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Horizontal gene transfer, directed by strong selective pressure of antibiotics, has resulted in the widespread distribution of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. The dissemination of resistance genes is enhanced when they are trapped in integrons. Objectives To determine the prevalence of integrons among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from regional hospitals and private clinical laboratories in Alborz province. Methods The susceptibility of 111 clinical Escherichia coli isolates was tested using a Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method for common antibiotics. Isolates were screened for the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) using a double disk synergy test. The existence of integrons was confirmed by amplification of the integrase gene and their class determined via analysis of PCR products by PCR-RFLP. Results Isolates showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and ceftizoxime were the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Eighty-eight isolates of 111 (79%) were resistant to more than three unrelated drugs. We found 30% of the multidrug resistant isolates harbor integrons. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 25 and 1 isolates, respectively. ESBL screening of strains showed 45 isolates (40%) were positive; 22% of the ESBL-positive isolates carried class 1 integrons and the frequency of MDR in ESBLpositive isolates was 93%. Conclusion The existence of integrons in only 29.5% of multidrug resistant isolates showed that besides integrons, antibiotic resistance genes were probably carried on other transferable elements lacking integrons, such as transposons or plasmids.

scholarly journals Erythromycin and Clindamycin Resistance in Group B Streptococcal Clinical Isolates

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1875-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Gygax ◽  
Jessica A. Schuyler ◽  
Lauren E. Kimmel ◽  
Jason P. Trama ◽  
Eli Mordechai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Group B ◽  
Diffusion Assay

ABSTRACT Erythromycin (EM) and clindamycin (CM) susceptibility testing was performed on 222 clinical isolates of group B Streptococcus. A multiplex PCR assay was used to detect the ermB, ermTR, and mefA/E antibiotic resistance genes. These results were compared to the phenotypes as determined by the standard EM/CM double disk diffusion assay.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Resistance Genotype Determined by Multiplex PCR Assays and the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus andStaphylococcus epidermidis

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Martineau ◽  
François J. Picard ◽  
Nicolas Lansac ◽  
Christian Ménard ◽  
Paul H. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Pcr Assays

ABSTRACT Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (a total of 206) and S. epidermidis (a total of 188) from various countries were tested with multiplex PCR assays to detect clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes associated with staphylococci. The targeted genes are implicated in resistance to oxacillin (mecA), gentamicin [aac(6′)-aph(2")], and erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC, andmsrA). We found a nearly perfect correlation between genotypic and phenotypic analysis for most of these 394 strains, showing the following correlations: 98% for oxacillin resistance, 100% for gentamicin resistance, and 98.5% for erythromycin resistance. The discrepant results were (i) eight strains found to be positive by PCR for mecA or ermC but susceptible to the corresponding antibiotic based on disk diffusion and (ii) six strains of S. aureus found to be negative by PCR for mecA or for the four erythromycin resistance genes targeted but resistant to the corresponding antibiotic. In order to demonstrate in vitro that the eight susceptible strains harboring the resistance gene may become resistant, we subcultured the susceptible strains on media with increasing gradients of the antibiotic. We were able to select cells demonstrating a resistant phenotype for all of these eight strains carrying the resistance gene based on disk diffusion and MIC determinations. The four oxacillin-resistant strains negative for mecA were PCR positive for blaZand had the phenotype of β-lactamase hyperproducers, which could explain their borderline oxacillin resistance phenotype. The erythromycin resistance for the two strains found to be negative by PCR is probably associated with a novel mechanism. This study reiterates the usefulness of DNA-based assays for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes associated with staphylococcal infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil ◽  
Malik Suliman Mohamed ◽  
Manal M. Ali ◽  
El Amin Ibrahim El Nima
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background. Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes.Methods. This study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique.Results. All Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniaewas found to be the most frequent isolate (23%), whereasBacillus mycoides(15%) was the most abundant Gram-positive isolate. There was a significant relationship between the number of isolates and the banknote denomination withpvalue <0.05 (the lower denomination showed higher contamination level). Our study has isolated bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Multidrug-resistant strains harboring resistant genes (mecA,blaCTX-M, andblaTEM) were also detected.Conclusion. All studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Novel Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of Chlorhexidine-Quaternary Ammonium, Mupirocin, and Methicillin Resistance Genes, with Simultaneous Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus from Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1857-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Ann McClure ◽  
Johanna Zaal DeLongchamp ◽  
John M. Conly ◽  
Kunyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a clinically significant pathogen that is resistant to a wide variety of antibiotics and responsible for a large number of nosocomial infections worldwide. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently recommended the adoption of universal mupirocin-chlorhexidine decolonization of all admitted intensive care unit patients rather than MRSA screening with targeted treatments, which raises a serious concern about the selection of resistance to mupirocin and chlorhexidine in strains of staphylococci. Thus, a simple, rapid, and reliable approach is paramount in monitoring the prevalence of resistance to these agents. We developed a simple multiplex PCR assay capable of screeningStaphylococcusisolates for the presence of antiseptic resistance genes for chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as mupirocin and methicillin resistance genes, while simultaneously discriminatingS. aureusfrom coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The assay incorporates 7 PCR targets, including theStaphylococcus16S rRNA gene (specifically detectingStaphylococcusspp.),nuc(distinguishingS. aureusfrom CoNS),mecA(distinguishing MRSA from methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus),mupAandmupB(identifying high-level mupirocin resistance), andqacandsmr(identifying chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium resistance). Our assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in a total of 23 variant antiseptic- and/or antibiotic-resistant control strains. Further validation of our assay using 378 randomly selected and previously well-characterized local clinical isolates confirmed its feasibility and practicality. This may prove to be a useful tool for multidrug-resistantStaphylococcusmonitoring in clinical laboratories, particularly in the wake of increased chlorhexidine and mupirocin treatments.

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