scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGUME AND GRASS COMPONENTS IN MIXED GRASSLANDS GROWN IN THE CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
T. Bozhanska ◽  
B. Churkova

PURPOSE of the present study is to establish the growth, development and competitiveness of grass and legume components in mixed grasslands grown under the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains. METHODS: In the spring of 2014-2016, the growth and development of typical meadow legumes and grass species for that region were observed in the experimental field of RIMSA - Troyan, in double mixtures: 1. Bird's-foot-trefoil - Red fescue; 2. White clover - Perennial ryegrass; 3. White clover - Kentucky bluegrass; 4. Red clover - Timothy-grass; 5. Blue hybrid alfalfa - Cock's foot; 6. Red clover - Meadow fescue. RESULTS: From all grass crops - Dactylis glomerata L. has the most pronounced competitive ability with respect to the biometric height indicator of plants, while Poa pratensis L. has the slightest one. For the three-year study period, Trifolium repens L. in its mixture with Lolium perenne L. recorded the lowest average growth values compared to the other legumes included in the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The best intercompatibility and, respectively, the most favorable combination of grass and legume components is found between Trifolium pratense L. and Festuca pratensis L., and the weakest among the components in the blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot mixture. The length of the flower-bearing stems and leaf stalks of Trifolium pratense L. in the mixed grassland with meadow fescue have higher values (41.8:89.0 cm) and those with timothy-grass are lower (38.1:52.5 cm).

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRAWUTSCHKE ◽  
N. WEIHER ◽  
J. THAYSEN ◽  
R. LOGES ◽  
F. TAUBE ◽  
...  

SUMMARYRed clover (Trifolium pratense L.) silage usually contains lower contents of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compared with other forage legumes. This is often attributed to the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in red clover, although in most field studies the PPO activity was not measured. Therefore, a laboratory ensiling experiment with three red clover cultivars and one white clover cultivar as control grown in two management systems (with and without mechanical stress) over 2 consecutive years was conducted. Fresh, wilted and ensiled clover herbage was sampled at four cutting dates per year to determine the crude protein (CP) fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The specific PPO activity was measured photometrically in fresh clover leaves. The content of CP fraction A (NPN) increased from fresh over wilted to ensiled clover herbage at the expense of the content of CP fraction B (true protein), irrespective of species, cultivar and year. The most important source of variation for all CP fractions and the calculated rumen-undegradable protein contents was generally the herbage condition, except for CP fraction C (unavailable protein). White clover silage consisted of higher contents of CP fraction A and lower contents of CP fraction B3 in CP compared with red clover silage. As a result, the calculated rumen-undegradable protein content of white clover silage was lower than that of all red clover cultivars. In conclusion, the extent of proteolysis during ensiling among the silages made from the herbage of different red clover cultivars was primarily influenced by the stage of maturity at harvesting and the degree of wilting at ensiling. The variation in specific PPO activity could not be related to the extent of proteolysis.


1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis ◽  
L. S. Thompson

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.


Author(s):  
Vaiva Kačkytė ◽  
Saulius Grigiškis ◽  
Dainius Paliulis ◽  
Jolanta Aikaitė-Stanaitienė

Following the complex technology for greasy waste utilization, which is under development, two stages of fat degradation – biodegradation and phytoremediation – were applied for treatment of fat-polluted soil. Biodegradation was used in the first stage, and phytoremediation was applied for degradation of residual fat and final restoration of soil structure. The latter technology was used to evaluate the ability of three following species of herbaceous plants to degrade fat in soil: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.). The evaluation after the stages of phytoremediation showed that hybrid ryegrass was the most effective in fat degradation in soils with high initial fat concentrations (100 g/kg and 55.1 g/kg), i.e. 53% and 67% respectively. With lower initial fat contents in soil (up to 12.7 g/kg), the best ability in fat degradation was determined in hybrid ryegrass and red clover, i.e. 76%. Application of stages of biodegradation and phytoremediation for treatment of soil polluted with greasy contaminants helped to reduce fat contents by 99% with the initial fat concentration of 138.9 g/kg, and 90% with 222.2 g/kg. Santrauka Gruntui, užterštam riebalinėmis atliekomis, valyti pagal kuriamą kompleksinę riebalinių atliekų utilizavimo technologiją numatyti du riebalų skaidymo etapai – biologinis skaidymas ir fitoremediacija. Pirmuoju etapu taikyta biodegradacija, o likusiems riebalams skaidyti ir grunto struktūrai galutinai atkurti – fitoremediacija, kurios metu įvertinta trijų pasirinktų žolinės augalijos rūšių – raudonųjų dobilų (Trifolium pratense L.), tikrųjų eraičinų (Festuca pratensis Huds.) ir hibridinių svidrių (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) geba skaidyti riebalus grunte. Po fitoremediacijos etapo nustatyta, kad, esant didelėms pradinėms riebalų koncentracijoms grunte (100 g/kg ir 55,1 g/kg), efektyviausiai riebalus skaidė hibridinės svidrės – atitinkamai 53% ir 67%. Esant mažesnėms riebalų koncentracijoms grunte (iki 12,7 g/kg), geriausiai riebalus skaidė hibridinės svidrės ir raudonieji dobilai – 76%. Riebalais užterštam gruntui valyti etapais taikant biodegradaciją ir fitoremediaciją, riebalų kiekis grunte sumažėjo 99%, kai pradinė riebalų koncentracija buvo 138,9 g/kg, o kai riebalų koncentracijai 222,2 g/kg – 90%. Резюме Согласно создаваемой комплексной технологии утилизации жировых отходов с целью очистки грунта, загрязненного жирами, были применены два этапа для расщепления жиров – биодеградация и фиторемедиация. На первомэтапе была применена биодеградация, а для расщепления оставшихся жиров и окончательного восстановленияструктуры грунта – фиторемедиация, во время которой оценивалась способность трех травянистых видов – клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.), овсяницы луговой (Festuca pratensis Huds.) и плевела гибридного (Lolium hybridum Hausskn.) – расщеплять жиры в грунте. После этапа фиторемедиации было установлено, что при высокихзаданных начальных концентрациях жиров в грунте (100 и 55,1 г/кг) наиболее эффективно расщеплял жиры плевел гибридный – 53% и 67% соответственно. При более низких начальных концентрациях жиров (до 12,7 г/кг грунта) наиболее высокий процент расщепленных жиров достигался при применении плевела гибридного и клевера лугового – 76%. После применения этапов биодеградации и фиторемедиации для очистки грунта, загрязненного жирами, количество жиров в грунте снизилось на 99% при их начальной концентрации 138,9 г/кг и на 90%при их концентрации 222,2 г/кг грунта.


1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Scott

SUMMARYThe effects of white clover mosaic virus infection on the yield of two red clover varieties grown alone and in mixtures with either perennial or hybrid ryegrasses were examined. The spread of this virus within the pure clover plots was rapid. Clover drymatter yields were reduced and these losses were greater in the grass–clover mixtures than in the pure clover plots. Reductions in yield of about 70% were recorded at the first cut in mixtures of Sabtoron and Sabrina. The response of the clover to different levels of virus infection was best described by a negative linear relationship.Yields of Sabrina hybrid ryegrass increased as the levels of virus infection in the clover increased. This compensated for the losses in yield of the legume, leaving total sward yields unaffected by the virus.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Sharini C. Somasiri ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Patrick C.H. Morel ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Peter D. Kemp

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) are now widely used in combination with clover species to provide greater annual lamb live weight gains than perennial ryegrass and white clover pasture. Reported selective grazing of the species in herb-clover mixes could potentially detrimentally change the relative abundance of species and decrease lamb production. Lambs were offered three herbage treatments: Pasture (perennial ryegrass and white clover) mix, plantain (plantain, red clover and white clover) mix and a chicory (chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover) mix in each of four seasons for two years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates with 18–30 lambs per treatment replicate depending on the season. Lambs were rotationally grazed and fed ad libitum. Selection by the lambs of individually tagged plants within the pasture treatments was observed for three days on two occasions per season. Red clover was the most selected species on day 1, but by day 3 there was no difference in the selection of the species (p < 0.05). Plantain and chicory in the plantain and chicory mixes were selected less on day 1 in autumn relative to the other seasons (p < 0.05). It was concluded that three days of grazing before moving lambs maintained the relative abundance of species in the herb-clover mixes.


1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Cumming ◽  
Howard A. Steppler

Improved methods for vegetative propagation of red clover are described. "Leaf-bud" propagules, consisting of a single trifoliate leaf with its stipules and a small axillary bud in a stage of indeterminate growth, provide better units for vegetative propagation than crown or stem cuttings and have shown a closer similarity to seedlings in their growth and development. All types of propagules can be rooted in full daylight by using an overhead mist-spray system with vermiculite as the rooting medium.Propagule production can be very significantly increased by pre-treating intact plants with short daylengths and/or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Application of maleic hydrozide (MH) to flowering stems causes abortion of floral apices, thereby hastening and very significantly increasing propagule production. Auxin treatment of propagules and/or long daylengths during rooting, increase the per cent rooting and the amount of root formation.Propagation in this manner can be very rapid. For example, more than 1,000 rooted propagules were obtained at one time from single field-planted propagules of a late-flowering clone in the first year. Propagules that were closely planted in wooden flats in vermiculite were maintained satisfactorily as very small plants overwinter under greenhouse and also under cold storage conditions, and were utilized in clonal-row field plantings for seed production.


Author(s):  
А.Д. Капсамун ◽  
Е.Н. Павлючик ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова

Изучение урожайности трёхкомпонентных бобово-злаковых травосмесей с различными сортами клевера лугового проводилось в Тверской области на опытном поле ВНИИ мелиорированных земель в 2018–2020 годах. Опыт заложен в 2018 году на осушаемой дерново-подзолистой почве. Изучались следующие сорта многолетних трав: клевер луговой (Trifolium pratense L.) Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86; люцерна изменчивая (× Medicago varia Mart.) Вега 87; тимофеевка луговая (Phleum pratense L.) ВИК 9 и овсяница луговая (Festuca pratensis L.) Сахаровская. В 2020 году наиболее высокими темпами роста обладали травостои второго года пользования с ранними сортами клевера лугового Кретуновский и Грин в смеси с тимофеевкой луговой сорта ВИК 9 — 67–70 см при густоте стеблестоя 495–852 шт./м2. Наиболее продуктивными на осушаемых землях показали себя смешанные травостои люцерны изменчивой, клевера лугового и тимофеевки луговой. Трёхкомпонентные агрофитоценозы укосного типа на основе сортов клевера лугового Кретуновский, Грин, Шанс, Фаленский 86, люцерны изменчивой и тимофеевки луговой сформировали урожай кормовой массы 35–39,7 т/га. Травосмесь тимофеевки луговой с раннеспелым сортом клевера Шанс сформировала два укоса с выходом сухой массы 9,5 т/га, овсяницы луговой — 9,0 т/га. Отмечено хорошее качество полученной растительной массы: содержание переваримого протеина составило 18,9–19,5 г/кг при энергетической питательности 1,09–1,26. В растительной массе травосмесей с овсяницей луговой содержание переваримого протеина было выше, чем в смесях с тимофеевкой луговой, на 1,1 г/кг корма в первом и на 2,41 г/кг корма во втором укосе. По содержанию кормовых единиц в 1 кг корма питательность кормовой массы в зависимости от состава исследуемых смесей была равноценна — 0,23–0,24. The investigation took place in the Tver region on the trial field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands in 2018–2020. The research tested the yield of trinary legume-gramineous ecosystems with various varieties of red clover. The field trial was carried out on the drained sod-podzolic soil in 2018. The following perennial grasses were studied: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”; bastard alfalfa (× Medicago varia Mart.) “Vega 87”; common timothy (Phleum pratense L.) “VIK 9”; and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.) “Sakharovskaya”. Growth rates were the highest in the mixtures with short-season red clover varieties “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, and common timothy. In 2020, these variants reached height of 67–70 cm and density of 495–852 plants per m2 in the second year. Trinary ecosystems to be cut with bastard alfalfa, red clover “Kretunovskiy”, “Grin”, “Shans”, “Falenskiy 86”, and common timothy provided the maximum yield on the drained lands — 35–39.7 t ha-1. The mixture of common timothy with short-season red clover “Shans” formed 9.5 t ha-1 of dry mass per two cuts, meadow fescue — 9.0 t ha-1. The feed mass showed high quality: digestible protein content was 18.9–19.5 g/kg, energy nutrition was 1.09–1.26. Mixtures with meadow fescue exceeded the ones with common timothy in digestible protein content by 1.1 g/kg in the first cut and by 2.41 g/kg — in the second one. Different variants showed almost no variation in feed units per 1 kg of forage — 0.23–0.24.


2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KUUSELA

A grazed field experiment was established in 1995 to evaluate alsike clover (Trifoliun hybridum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in clover-grass mixtures under organic farming practices. In this study the effect of seed mixture (alsike clover, red clover, white clover, white and alsike clover or grass mixture), year (1997, 1998) and grazing period (5 per grazing season) on the herbage calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) phosphorous (P) and sodium (Na) contents was assessed and the relationships between botanical proportions and herbage mineral contents were studied. Herbage Ca and Na contents varied between the seed mixtures, Ca, Mg, P and Na contents between the years and all measured minerals, except Na, between the grazing periods. The white clover mixture resulted in higher Ca and Na contents. The contents of Ca and Mg were positively related with the proportions of clovers and weeds and were higher in 1997. The contents of P and K were higher in the rainy summer of 1998. The seed mixtures resulted in similar mean K/(Ca + Mg) equivalent ratios, but the Ca/P ratio was higher for the white clover mixture. Mineral rations varied between and within grazing seasons. Under organic practices the supply of minerals in the pasture herbage varied temporally and according to the botanical contents and was unable to meet fully the requirements of dairy cows. Additional mineral feeding is recommended for organic farming systems to balance the dietary mineral contents for grazing cows.;


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document