scholarly journals Imbalanced sensitivities to primary and secondary rewards in internet gaming disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ran Zhou ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Hao-Hao Dong ◽  
Zhaojie Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxia Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Interaction

Abstract Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a type of behavioral addiction characterized by poorly controlled and interfering patterns of game playing. Studies have suggested that the IGD is usually accompanied by increased desire or craving for gaming, suggesting that secondary rewards related to gaming may become more salient than those for primary rewards like food. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested and potential neural mechanisms remain unclear. Methods This is a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Twenty-one IGD subjects and 23 matched individuals with recreational game use (RGU) were scanned when exposed to gaming (secondary rewards), food (primary rewards) and neutral cues. Group-by-cue-type interaction analyses and subsequent within-group analyses for fMRI data were performed and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses explored further potential neural features. Results IGD subjects’ subjective craving responses to gaming cues were higher than to food cues, while the opposite was observed in RGU subjects. Group-by-cue interaction effects implicated the precuneus and precuneus-caudate FC. Simple effect analysis showed that for IGD subjects, gaming-related cues elicited higher FC in precuneus-caudate relationships than did food-related cues. In the RGU subjects, the opposite was observed. Significant correlations were found between brain features and craving scores. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis regarding imbalances in sensitivities to different types of reward in IGD, and suggest neural mechanisms by which craving for gaming may make secondary rewards more salient than primary ones, thus promoting participation in addictive patterns of gaming.

scholarly journals Internet Gaming Disorder Clustering Based on Personality Traits in Adolescents, and Its Relation with Comorbid Psychological Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vega González-Bueso ◽  
Juan Santamaría ◽  
Ignasi Oliveras ◽  
Daniel Fernández ◽  
Elena Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Different Types

In recent years, the evidence regarding Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) suggests that some personality traits are important risk factors for developing this problem. The heterogeneity involved in problematic online gaming and differences found in the literature regarding the comorbid psychopathology associated with the problem could be explained through different types of gamers. Clustering analysis can allow organization of a collection of personality traits into clusters based on similarity. The objectives of this study were: (1) to obtain an empirical classification of IGD patients according to personality variables and (2) to describe the resultant groups in terms of clinical and sociodemographic variables. The sample included 66 IGD adolescent patients who were consecutive referrals at a mental health center in Barcelona, Spain. A Gaussian mixture model cluster analysis was used in order to classify the subjects based on their personality. Two clusters based on personality traits were detected: type I “higher comorbid symptoms” (n = 24), and type II “lower comorbid symptoms” (n = 42). The type I included higher scores in introversive, inhibited, doleful, unruly, forceful, oppositional, self-demeaning and borderline tendency traits, and lower scores in histrionic, egotistic and conforming traits. The type I obtained higher scores on all the Symptom Check List-90 items-Revised, all the State-Trait Anxiety Index scales, and on the DSM-5 IGD criteria. Differences in personality can be useful in determining clusters with different types of dysfunctionality.

scholarly journals The Comorbidity Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Depression: Interrelationship and Neural Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Yuan-Wei Yao ◽  
Chiang-shan R. Li ◽  
Jin-Tao Zhang ◽  
Cui-Cui Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming

scholarly journals Altered Reward Processing System in Internet Gaming Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Raiha ◽  
Guochun Yang ◽  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Weine Dai ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Gaming Addiction ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Internet Gaming Addiction

Converging evidence indicates that addiction involves impairment in reward processing systems. However, the patterns of dysfunction in different stages of reward processing in internet gaming addiction remain unclear. In previous studies, individuals with internet gaming disorder were found to be impulsive and risk taking, but there is no general consensus on the relation between impulsivity and risk-taking tendencies in these individuals. The current study explored behavioral and electrophysiological responses associated with different stages of reward processing among individuals with internet gaming disorders (IGDs) with a delayed discounting task and simple gambling tasks. Compared to the healthy control (HC) group, the IGD group discounted delays more steeply and made more risky choices, irrespective of the outcome. As for the event-related potential (ERP) results, during the reward anticipation stage, IGDs had the same stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) for both large and small choices, whereas HCs exhibited a higher SPN in large vs. small choices. During the outcome evaluation stage, IGDs exhibited a blunted feedback-related negativity for losses vs. gains. The results indicate impairment across different stages of reward processing among IGDs. Moreover, we found negative correlation between impulsivity indexed by BIS-11 and reward sensitivity indexed by SPN amplitude during anticipation stage only, indicating different neural mechanisms at different stages of reward processing. The current study helps to elucidate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of reward processing in internet gaming addiction.

Resting-State fMRI Study of ADHD and Internet Gaming Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471988302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Hyun Han ◽  
Sujin Bae ◽  
Jisun Hong ◽  
Sun Mi Kim ◽  
Yong Don Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
One Year

Objective: We aimed to understand whether Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) share similar brain functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal and subcortices. Method: We compared changes in clinical symptoms and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 patients with ADHD but without IGD, 29 patients with ADHD and IGD, and 20 patients with IGD but without ADHD. Results: The functional connectivity (FC) from the cortex to subcortex in both groups was decreased relative to that in age-matched healthy participants. One-year treatment for ADHD and IGD symptoms increased the FC between the cortex and subcortex in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with good prognoses compared with those in all ADHD participants and all IGD participants with poor prognoses. Conclusion: Patients with ADHD and IGD shared similar brain FC at baseline and FC changes in response to treatment.

scholarly journals Internet Gaming Disorder Treatment: A Case Study Evaluation of Four Different Types of Adolescent Problematic Gamers

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Torres-Rodríguez ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Xavier Carbonell ◽  
Núria Farriols-Hernando ◽  
Encarna Torres-Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Disorder Treatment

Internet Gaming Disorder Scale--Short Form; Polish Version

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Schivinski ◽  
Magdalena Brzozowska-Woś ◽  
Erin M. Buchanan ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Halley M. Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Polish Version

scholarly journals Estimated Prevalence of Unreported IGD Cases in Routine Outpatient Children and Adolescent Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6787
Author(s):  
Sonja Kewitz ◽  
Eva Vonderlin ◽  
Lutz Wartberg ◽  
Katajun Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Icd 10

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 as a diagnosis for further study, and Gaming Disorder as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents. Additionally, it is unclear if patients with IGD are already identified in routine psychotherapy, using the ICD-10 diagnosis F 63.8 (recommended classification of IGD in ICD-10). This study investigated N = 358 children and adolescents (self and parental rating) of an outpatient psychotherapy centre in Germany using the Video Game Dependency Scale. According to self-report 4.0% of the 11- to 17-year-old patients met criteria for a tentative IGD diagnosis and 14.0% according to the parental report. Of the 5- to 10-year-old patients, 4.1% were diagnosed with tentative IGD according to parental report. Patients meeting IGD criteria were most frequently diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders, followed by anxiety disorders, F 63.8, conduct disorders, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (descending order) as primary clinical diagnoses. Consequently, this study indicates that a significant amount of the clinical population presents IGD. Meaning, appropriate diagnostics should be included in routine psychological diagnostics in order to avoid “hidden” cases of IGD in the future.

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