Comparative pathological studies on domestic geese (Anser anser domestica) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) experimentally infected with parvovirus strains of goose and Muscovy duck origin

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glávits ◽  
Anna Zolnai ◽  
Éva Szabó ◽  
Éva Ivanics ◽  
P. Zarka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Sciatic Neuritis

Parvovirus infection of Muscovy ducks caused by a genetically and antigenically distinct virus has been reported from Germany, France, Israel, Hungary, some Asian countries and the USA. The pathological changes include those of degenerative skeletal muscle myopathy and myocarditis, hepatitis, sciatic neuritis and polioencephalomyelitis. In the study presented here, day-old and 3-week-old goslings and Muscovy ducks were infected experimentally with three different parvovirus strains (isolates of D-216/4 from the classical form of Derzsy's disease, D-190/3 from the enteric form of Derzsy's disease, and strain FM from the parvovirus disease of Muscovy ducks). All three parvovirus strains caused severe disease in both day-old and 3-week-old Muscovy ducks but in the goslings only the two strains of goose origin (D-216/4 and D-190/3) caused disease with high (90-100%) mortality when infection was performed at day old. Strain FM (of Muscovy duck origin) did not cause any clinical signs or pathological lesions in the goslings. In the day-old goslings and Muscovy ducks the principal pathological lesions were severe enteritis with necrosis of the epithelial cells (enterocytes) of the mucous membrane and the crypts of Lieberkühn, and the formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Other prominent lesions included hepatitis and atrophy (lymphocyte depletion) of the lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen). In goslings infected with the strain originating from the classical form of Derzsy's disease mild myocarditis was also detected. After infection at three weeks of age, growth retardation, feathering disorders, myocardial lesions (degeneration of cardiac muscle cells, lympho-histiocytic infiltration) and hepatitis were the most prominent lesions in both geese and Muscovy ducks. In addition to the lesions observed in the geese, muscle fibre degeneration, mild sciatic neuritis and polioencephalomyelitis were also observed in the Muscovy ducks infected with any of the three parvovirus strains.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of indigenous North African goats with goatpox virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Hamdi ◽  
Zahra Bamouh ◽  
Mohammed Jazouli ◽  
Meryem Alhyane ◽  
Najet Safini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North African ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Goatpox Virus

Abstract Background Goatpox is a viral disease caused by infection with goatpox virus (GTPV) of the genus Capripoxvirus, Poxviridae family. Capripoxviruses cause serious disease to livestock and contribute to huge economic losses. Goatpox and sheeppox are endemic to Africa, particularly north of the Equator, the Middle East and many parts of Asia. GTPV and sheeppox virus are considered host-specific; however, both strains can cause clinical disease in either goats or sheep with more severe disease in the homologous species and mild or sub-clinical infection in the other. Goatpox has never been reported in Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia despite the huge population of goats living in proximity with sheep in those countries. To evaluate the susceptibility and pathogenicity of indigenous North African goats to GTPV infection, we experimentally inoculated eight locally bred goats with a virulent Vietnamese isolate of GTPV. Two uninfected goats were kept as controls. Clinical examination was carried out daily and blood was sampled for virology and for investigating the antibody response. After necropsy, tissues were collected and assessed for viral DNA using real-time PCR. Results Following the experimental infection, all inoculated goats displayed clinical signs characteristic of goatpox including varying degrees of hyperthermia, loss of appetite, inactivity and cutaneous lesions. The infection severely affected three of the infected animals while moderate to mild disease was noticed in the remaining goats. A high antibody response was developed. High viral DNA loads were detected in skin crusts and nodules, and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 14.6 to 22.9, while lower viral loads were found in liver and lung (Ct = 35.7 and 35.1). The results confirmed subcutaneous tropism of the virus. Conclusion Clinical signs of goatpox were reproduced in indigenous North African goats and confirmed a high susceptibility of the North African goat breed to GTPV infection. A clinical scoring system is proposed that can be applied in GTPV vaccine efficacy studies.

scholarly journals Treatment of Experimental Allergic Neuritis With Prednisolone

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.E. Feasby ◽  
J.J. Gilbert ◽  
A.F. Hahn ◽  
D.S. Lovgren
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Experimental Allergic Neuritis ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lewis Rats ◽  
Experimental Allergic ◽  
Allergic Neuritis

Abstract:Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats was treated with prednisolone given prophylactically or therapeutically. Rats treated from the time of immunization with myelin or after the establishment of clinical disease improved more rapidly than controls. Treatment at the onset of clinical signs resulted in less severe disease and more rapid recovery. Rats treated just prior to the onset of clinical signs (day 10) did not develop significant clinical disease and appeared to have less inflammation in their nerves and nerve roots on microscopic examination.

scholarly journals Histopathology ofBordetella pertussisin the Baboon Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey I. Zimmerman ◽  
James F. Papin ◽  
Jason Warfel ◽  
Roman F. Wolf ◽  
Stanley D. Kosanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Baboon Model ◽  
Relevant Animal Model ◽  
Significant Pathology ◽  
Conducting Airways

ABSTRACTPertussis is a severe respiratory disease caused byBordetella pertussis. The classic symptoms of pertussis include paroxysmal coughing with an inspiratory whoop, posttussive vomiting, cyanosis, and persistent coryzal symptoms. Infants under 2 months of age experience more severe disease, with most deaths occurring in this age group. Most of what is known about the pathology of pertussis in humans is from the evaluation of fatal human infant cases. The baboon model of pertussis provides the opportunity to evaluate the histopathology of severe but nonfatal pertussis. The baboon model recapitulates the characteristic clinical signs of pertussis observed in humans, including leukocytosis, paroxysmal coughing, mucus production, heavy colonization of the airway, and transmission of the bacteria between hosts. As in humans, baboons demonstrate age-related differences in clinical presentation, with younger animals experiencing more severe disease. We examined the histopathology of 5- to 6-week-old baboons, with the findings being similar to those reported for fatal human infant cases. In juvenile baboons, we found that the disease is highly inflammatory and concentrated to the lungs with signs of disease that would typically be diagnosed as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchopneumonia. In contrast, no significant pathology was observed in the trachea. Histopathological changes in the trachea were limited to cellular infiltrates and mucus production. Immunohistostaining revealed that the bacteria were localized to the surface of the ciliated epithelium in the conducting airways. Our observations provide important insights into the pathology of pertussis in typical, severe but nonfatal pertussis cases in a very relevant animal model.

scholarly journals Analysis of Virus Population Profiles within Pigs Infected with Virulent Classical Swine Fever Viruses: Evidence for Bottlenecks in Transmission but Absence of Tissue-Specific Virus Variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Melissa Johnston ◽  
Ulrik Fahnøe ◽  
Louise Lohse ◽  
Jens Bukh ◽  
Graham J. Belsham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
Highly Virulent

ABSTRACT Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) contains a specific motif within the E2 glycoprotein that differs between strains of different virulence. In the highly virulent CSFV strain Koslov, this motif comprises residues S763/L764 in the polyprotein. However, L763/P764 represent the predominant alleles in published CSFV genomes. In this study, changes were introduced into the CSFV strain Koslov (here called vKos_SL) to generate modified CSFVs with substitutions at residues 763 and/or 764 (vKos_LL, vKos_SP, and vKos_LP). The properties of these mutant viruses, in comparison to those of vKos_SL, were determined in pigs. Each of the viruses was virulent and induced typical clinical signs of CSF, but the vKos_LP strain produced them significantly earlier. Full-length CSFV cDNA amplicons (12.3 kb) derived from sera of infected pigs were deep sequenced and cloned to reveal the individual haplotypes that contributed to the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles observed in the virus population. The SNP profiles for vKos_SL and vKos_LL displayed low-level heterogeneity across the entire genome, whereas vKos_SP and vKos_LP displayed limited diversity with a few high-frequency SNPs. This indicated that vKos_SL and vKos_LL exhibited a higher level of fitness in the host and more stability at the consensus level, whereas several consensus changes were observed in the vKos_SP and vKos_LP sequences, pointing to adaptation. For each virus, only a subset of the variants present within the virus inoculums were maintained in the infected pigs. No clear tissue-dependent quasispecies differentiation occurred within inoculated pigs; however, clear evidence for transmission bottlenecks to contact animals was observed, with subsequent loss of sequence diversity. IMPORTANCE The surface-exposed E2 protein of classical swine fever virus is required for its interaction with host cells. A short motif within this protein varies between strains of different virulence. The importance of two particular amino acid residues in determining the properties of a highly virulent strain of the virus has been analyzed. Each of the different viruses tested proved highly virulent, but one of them produced earlier, but not more severe, disease. By analyzing the virus genomes present within infected pigs, it was found that the viruses which replicated within inoculated animals were only a subset of those within the virus inoculum. Furthermore, following contact transmission, it was shown that a very restricted set of viruses had transferred between animals. There were no significant differences in the virus populations present in various tissues of the infected animals. These results indicate mechanisms of virus population change during transmission between animals.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of post-mortem findings in domestic ducks and geese from non-commercial flocks in Sweden, 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée Seger Jansson ◽  
Faruk Otman ◽  
Elisabeth Bagge ◽  
Ylva Lindgren ◽  
Pernille Engelsen Etterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
National Veterinary Institute ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Yeast Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

Abstract Background Small poultry flock ownership has become a popular hobby in Europe and North America in recent years but there is a general lack of information regarding bird health and welfare. This retrospective analysis of routine post-mortem cases of non-commercial anseriform poultry aimed at providing information on causes of mortality mostly in relation to mortality events. For this purpose, birds that were submitted for routine post-mortem diagnostics to the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) in Sweden in 2011–2020 were retrospectively reviewed to determine main causes of mortality. Results Records from 79 necropsy submissions involving 120 birds (domestic ducks n = 41, Muscovy ducks n = 45, hybrid ducks n = 2 and domestic geese n = 32) were retrieved and analysed. Most submissions (72.2%) represented flock disease events and unexpected mortality was the most common cause of submission (70.9% of submissions). Twenty-two submissions (27.8%) were referred by veterinarians. There was a wide range of diagnoses of infectious and noninfectious aetiologies. Infectious causes of mortality included parasitic (19.2%), bacterial (13.3%), fungal (10.0%) and viral infections (3.3%) (at bird level of all 120 birds). Some of these infections such as duck virus enteritis (DVE), highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI H5N8) in Muscovy ducks and leucocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon sp.) in all three species were most likely acquired from contact with wild free-living waterfowl. Generalised yeast infection (Muscovy duck disease) was diagnosed in Muscovy ducks and in a Muscovy duck/domestic duck hybrid. Other diseases were related to generalised noninfectious causes (27.5% of all birds) including diseases such as kidney disease, amyloidosis, cardiac dilatation, reproductive diseases and idiopathic inflammatory conditions. Nutritional or management-related diseases were diagnosed in 14.2% of all birds including rickets and gastrointestinal impaction/obstruction. Congenital/developmental, neoplastic, toxic and traumatic causes of mortality were rare. Conclusions The information obtained in this study can be used to identify and evaluate risks and help owners and veterinarians to prevent disease and provide adequate veterinary care for non-commercial anseriform poultry.

scholarly journals Prevalence and pathology of Newcastle disease in broiler at Bochaganj Upazila of Dinajpur, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Pabitra Kumar ◽  
SM Harun ur Rashid ◽  
Md Haydar Ali ◽  
Hosne Mobarak ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Commercial Broiler

The study was schemed to investigate the prevalence, pathological conditions, mortality and clinical features of Newcastle disease in the small scale commercial broiler farms at Bochaganj upazila of Dinajpur district during January to June, 2014. A total 1950 birds (from 5 farms), among which 160 diseased and dead birds were selected out of which 99 (5.35%) birds were found to be positive for Newcastle disease. The clinical signs of the affected birds were sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, laboured breathing, and torticolis. Broiler were inactive, weak and rough in appearance, greenish watery diarrhoea occur severely. Nervous sign include clonic, spasm and paralysis of the legs and wings. In this observation, the gross pathological lesions were slight to severe haemorrhages in caecal tonsils, typical lesions were proventricular haemorrhage, most commonly seen in the surface near the junction with the proventriculus. The prevalence of Newcastle disease in Bochaganj upazila was 5.35%. Mortality of Newcastle disease in non-vaccinated and vaccinated broiler flock was 20.76% and 4.6%, respectively.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 352-356

Occurrence of reovirus infection in Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) in south western Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Woźniakowski ◽  
E. Samorek-Salamonowicz ◽  
A. Gaweł
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Reovirus Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Duck Circovirus ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Virus Sequence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Pcr Targeting

AbstractDuring the summer 2012 an incidence of high mortality, above 44 percent, in two flocks of Muscovy ducklings in Poland was noted. The clinical signs included considerable weight loss and inability to walk.During the post-mortem evaluations dehydration and enteritis, gouty kidneys as well as hemorrhagic liver and spleen lesions were found. The laboratory diagnosis included agar gel precipitation assay (AGP) as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription PCR for the presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), duck circovirus (DuCV), duck reovirus (DRV) and avian reovirus (ARV). Interestingly, the examinations performed by AGP showed partial reactivity of liver homogenates from Muscovy ducklings with chicken S1133 antiserum. The presence of duck reovirus RNA was also detected by real-time RT-PCR targeting the chicken reovirus sigma NS fragment, while the sequencing showed major similarity to chicken S1133, 1733, GX/2010/1 and TARV-MN2 reovirus strains. The virus sequence was also related to a previously isolated TH11 strain from Muscovy ducks in China.Further study is needed in order to explain the particular epidemiology of the reovirus infection of Muscovy ducklings

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of mean platelet volume in neonatal sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-93
Author(s):  
Kristopher May Pamudji ◽  
I Made Kardana
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background Neonatal sepsis is a severe disease with potentially serious impacts if not treated early. However, the symptoms and clinical signs are not specific. Several studies have been conducted to find early infection markers for detection of neonatal sepsis, but without satisfactory results. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a new marker of infection that has good potential for diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Objective To assess the diagnostic value of MPV in early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods This retrospective study with diagnostic testing was done with data collected from medical records of neonates with neonatal sepsis who were admitted to the Neonatology Department in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar from December 2018 to March 2019. Mean platelet volume cut-off point was determined using a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MPV in neonatal sepsis were determined using a 2x2 table. Results Of 82 subjects, 55 subjects were male (67%). Positive blood culture results were found in 25 subjects (30%). Mean platelet volume with a cut-off point of 7.44 fL had 80% sensitivity, 84.2% specificity, 69% PPV, and 90.6% NPV. Conclusion Mean platelet volume with a cut-off point of 7.44 fL can be used to diagnose neonatal sepsis with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 84.2%.

scholarly journals Pathology of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2.1a in turkeys in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Tanjin T. Mumu ◽  
Mohammed Nooruzzaman ◽  
Azmary Hasnat ◽  
Rokshana Parvin ◽  
Emdadul H. Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H5n1 Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Brain Hemorrhages ◽  
The Brain

A mixed-aged flock of 130 turkeys in Bangladesh reported the sudden death of 1 bird in September 2017. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was detected in 3 turkeys, and phylogenetic analysis placed the viruses in the reassortant clade 2.3.2.1a. The birds had clinical signs of depression, diarrhea, weakness, closed eyes, and finally death. The mortality rate of the flock was 13% over the 6 d prior to the flock being euthanized. At autopsy, we observed congestion in lungs and brain, hemorrhages in the trachea, pancreas, breast muscle, coronary fat, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and kidneys. Histopathology revealed hemorrhagic pneumonia, hemorrhages in the liver and kidneys, and hemorrhages and necrosis in the spleen and pancreas. Significant changes in the brain included gliosis, focal encephalomalacia and encephalitis, and neuronophagia.

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