“Always up or peaks and highlands?” Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Hungary (1989–2009)

Introduction. The incidence rate of childhood type1 diabetes continues to rise across Europe by an average of approximately 3-4% per annum. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine incidence and trends of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0-14 years in Montenegro from 1997 to 2011. Methods. This was a prospective study. Primary case ascertainment was from a diabetes register, and a secondary independent data source was from hospital notifications. Case ascertainment was 100% complete using the capture-recapture method. Standardized incidence rates were calculated and trends estimated using the Poisson regression. Results. A total of 298 children (157 boys and 141 girls) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 15 years of age during 1997-2011. The mean age-standardized incidence was 15.0/100,000 persons (95% CI: 12.3-17.6) during this period, increasing from 11.7/100,000 in 1997 to 18.8/100,000 in 2011. The agespecific rates per 100,000 persons per year were 10.7, 17.2, and 18.2 at ages 0-4 years, 5-9 years, and 10-14 years, respectively. A significant linear trend in incidence (p = 0.002) has been observed over time, with an average annual increase of 4.2%. The increase in incidence was present in both genders, with the largest relative increase in the 0-4 years age group for boys (11.0%; p = 0.006). Conclusion. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Montenegro children continues to increase. We need further monitoring and additional research in order to explain the cause.

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020 Incidence rate trends in childhood type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire, 1978-2007: effects of ethnicity and age at diagnosis

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech.2010.120956.20 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A8-A8

Author(s):

K. Harron ◽

P. A. McKinney ◽

R. G. Feltbower ◽

C. R. Stephenson ◽

H. J. Bodansky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Childhood Type

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Alcohol Consumption in Victims of Violence: A Trend Study for the Period 1970–1998

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.803 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 803-811 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Johannes Kingma

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

University Hospital ◽

Significant Linear Trend ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Victims Of Violence ◽

The University

This 29-yr. retrospective study is about alcohol consumption by victims of violence intentionally injured ( N = 13,048) and general patients unintentionally injured ( N = 296,544) who were treated for their injuries at the Trauma Center of the University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands) during the period 1970–1998 The incidence rate for general patients with alcohol consumption was statistically significantly greater than the incidence rate of victims of violence with alcohol consumption. A long-term significant linear trend was observed for both types of patients during the 29-yr. period. However, the increase in incidence rate among the general patients with alcohol consumption was four times greater than the increase in incidence rate for the victims of violence with alcohol consumption. Makes predominated in both types of patients (with and without alcohol consumption). The statistically significant highest incidence rates (and male predominance) were found in the age group 20–24 years for both categories of patients.

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Incidence rate trends in childhood Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire, UK 1978-2007: effects of deprivation and age at diagnosis in the south Asian and non-south Asian populations

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03413.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1508-1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. L. Harron ◽

P. A. McKinney ◽

R. G. Feltbower ◽

H. J. Bodansky ◽

P. D. Norman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

South Asian ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

The South ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Childhood Type

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Trends in incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes between 1999 and 2019 based on the Childhood Diabetes Registry of Saxony, Germany

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0262171

Author(s):

Ulf Manuwald ◽

Olaf Schoffer ◽

Joachim Kugler ◽

Henna Riemenschneider ◽

Thomas Michael Kapellen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Point Prevalence ◽

Childhood Diabetes ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Diabetes Registry ◽

Observation Period

Objective The Childhood Diabetes Registry of Saxony has been existing since 1999. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence rates, cohort and point prevalence, and the trends of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents based on the registry data over the past 21 years. Methods A completeness check of the Childhood Diabetes Registry of Saxony for the observation period 2012–2019 was performed using the capture-recapture method. The age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person years (PY) were estimated for the observation period 1999–2019. Prevalence was estimated per 100,000 children and adolescents as the point prevalence of five consecutive years, and as a cohort prevalence for the birth cohorts, which result from the difference of age and year at diagnosis. Trend analyses were executed using join point regression. Results A completeness of 98% (95% CI 89–100) was determined for the period from 2012 to 2019. The standardized incidence rate of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents increased from 17.1 per 100,000 PY in 1999 to 24.7 per 100,000 PY in 2019. If this trend continues, the incidence rate will increase to 34.8 (95% CI 24.4–49.6) per 100,000 PY in 2030. The point prevalence of 5 consecutive years did not show a continuous trend over time. According to this method, the prevalence reached a plateau in the last segment (2013–2019). The calculation of cohort prevalence indicated a continuous increase from 2013 to 2019 with no significant statistical difference in terms of sex. Conclusion The point prevalence and the last incidence rates indicate that type 1 diabetes of children and adolescents is slowing down or has reached a plateau in Saxony. Nevertheless, the cohort prevalence predicts a steady increase. Future studies should continue investigating these trends in a longer observation period and consider including possible correlating environmental factors.

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Type 1 diabetes in 2017: global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-021-05571-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anders Green ◽

Simone M. Hede ◽

Christopher C. Patterson ◽

Sarah H. Wild ◽

Giuseppina Imperatore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Data Availability ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Incident Cases ◽

The Impact

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Data on type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence are limited, particularly for adults. This study aims to estimate global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2017 for all age groups, by country and areas defined by income and region. Methods Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children (available from 94 countries) from the IDF Atlas were used and extrapolated to countries without data. Age-specific incidence rates in adults (only known across full age range for fewer than ten countries) were obtained by applying scaling ratios for each adult age group relative to the incidence rate in children. Age-specific incidence rates were applied to population estimates to obtain incident case numbers. Duration of diabetes was estimated from available data and adjusted using differences in childhood mortality rate between countries from United Nations demographic data. Prevalent case numbers were derived by modelling the relationship between prevalence, incidence and disease duration. Sensitivity analyses were performed to quantify the impact of alternative assumptions and model inputs. Results Global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes were estimated to be 234,710 and 9,004,610, respectively, in 2017. High-income countries, with 17% of the global population, accounted for 49% of global incident cases and 52% of prevalent cases. Asia, which has the largest proportion of the world’s population (60%), had the largest number of incident (32%) and prevalent (31%) cases of type 1 diabetes. Globally, 6%, 35%, 43% and 16% of prevalent cases were in the age groups 0–14, 15–39, 40–64 and 65+ years, respectively. Based on sensitivity analyses, the estimates could deviate by ±15%. Conclusions/interpretation Globally, type 1 diabetes represents about 2% of the estimated total cases of diabetes, ranging from less than 1% in certain Pacific countries to more than 15% in Northern European populations in 2017. This study provides information for the development of healthcare and policy approaches to manage type 1 diabetes. The estimates need further validation due to limitations and assumptions related to data availability and estimation methods. Graphical abstract

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Reduced frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes in Northwest Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2015-0077 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Ahmed ◽

Mohamed Al-Maghamsi ◽

Abdullah M. Al-Harbi ◽

Ihsan M. Eid ◽

Hussam H. Baghdadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Childhood Diabetes ◽

Older Children ◽

Awareness Campaign ◽

Reduced Frequency ◽

Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽

The Impact ◽

Childhood Type

AbstractRaising the awareness of childhood diabetes symptoms can reduce the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, data on the effectiveness of such interventions are limited. The aim of the study was to describe trends of DKA at onset of childhood T1D during 2005–2014 and assess the impact of a diabetes awareness campaign launched late 2010.Data of children <12 years presented with DKA at diagnosis were analyzed according to age, gender and year of diagnosis. The frequency and severity of DKA before and during the 4 years campaign were compared.During 2005–2014, 44.9% (243/541) of children diagnosed with T1D presented with DKA. Of these, 22.7% had pH <7.1. In both genders DKA was higher in children <6 years (47.8% vs. 40%; p<0.01) and more severe in <3 years old compared to older children (30% vs. 20%; p<0.01). Following the awareness campaign DKA rate dropped from 48% in 2010 to 39% in 2014 and 15.8% had severe DKA compared to 26.1% in 2005–2010 (p<0.01). This trend was observed in both genders and across age groups. In children <3 years the reduction in DKA frequency and severity was not statistically significant (p=0.15 and p=0.42, respectively).In NWSA, the frequency and severity of DKA at onset of childhood T1D were reduced following 4 years awareness campaign; but the rate is still high. Maintaining the campaign may result in further improvement following a longer period of observation.

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