scholarly journals Large and medium-sized mammals of the Humaitá Forest Reserve, southwestern Amazonia, state of Acre, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. M. Botelho ◽  
Armando M. Calouro ◽  
Luiz H. M. Borges ◽  
Willandia A. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Callimico Goeldii ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Large and medium-sized mammals are essential to forest ecosystems as they are responsible for prey population control, seed dispersal and predation. A mammal survey was conducted in the Humaitá Forest Reserve (HFR), a 20 km² forest fragment located in the southeastern part of the state. The survey was carried out using census transects, camera traps, and occasional records such as bones and footprints. In all, 27 species of large to medium-sized mammals were recorded for the RFH, representing 48% of those expected for the region. Dasyprocta fuliginosa, Pecari tajacu and Didelphis marsupialis were the species with the highest number of records with camera traps. The occurrence of two species of cats (Leopardus pardalis and Puma concolor) and three endangered species (Callimico goeldii, Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Priodontes maximus) are important records for the RFH. The results may aid future research on the ecology, biogeography and conservation of mammals in the region.

scholarly journals Daily activity pattern of pumas (Puma concolor) and their potential prey in a tropical cloud forest of Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
J. C. Cepeda–Duque ◽  
B. Gómez–Valencia ◽  
S. Alvarez ◽  
D. R. Gutiérrez–Sanabria ◽  
D. J. Lizcano
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Top Predators

Ecosystems in the northern Andes face unprecedented habitat loss. Pumas are the top predators in the region and exert key ecological functions, such as population control and resource facilitation. However, little is known about the temporal niche of the species or its effects on behaviour of prey in the tropics. We hypothesized that there is a link between the activity patterns of pumas and their prey in a cloud forest of the Central Andes of Colombia. We installed 61 camera traps to estimate the degree of overlap between the daily activity curves of pumas and seven potential prey species, using conditional kernel density functions. Pumas, armadillos, mountain pacas, and white–eared opossums were mainly nocturnal, with little crepuscular activity and high temporal overlap. Central American agouti, mountain coati, little red brocket deer, and Cauca guan displayed a predominantly diurnal activity and temporal partitioning with pumas. As opportunistic predators, pumas were able to maximize foraging efficiency by preying on the crepuscular and nocturnal species. Conservation of this highland predator will largely depend on the suitable management of its native prey.

scholarly journals Medium and large-sized mammals of the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçú, Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Dias de Carvalho ◽  
Rildo de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandra dos Santos Pires
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Mammal Conservation ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Janeiro State

Medium and large-sized terrestrial mammals develop important functions in ecosystems maintenance. However, this group is the most vulnerable to local extinctions, through habitat loss or hunting. This study inventoried the community of medium and large mammals in the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçú (REGUA), Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, providing data on species composition, richness and abundance. Species were registered through the use of camera traps, sign survey and visual encounters on pre-existing trails and roads. The study was conducted from January to October 2012, with each month considered as a sample unit. An effort of 1568 cameras-day and 120 km traveled, resulted on 302 records of 22 species of medium and large-sized mammals, belonging to eight orders. This value corresponds to more than three-quarters of the richness described from this group in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state. Five species are under some level of regional, national or global threat. Three game species, Pecari tajacu, Cuniculus paca and Dasyprocta leporina were abundant in the area. The observed richness was comparable to that found in other studies conducted in rain forests. Thus, for its high number of species, including those under some degree of threat, we conclude that REGUA is an important area to mammal conservation, especially in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state.

scholarly journals University campuses can contribute to wildlife conservation in urbanizing regions: a case study from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 16736-16741
Author(s):  
Iliyasu Simon ◽  
Jennifer Che ◽  
Lynne Baker
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus

Globally, colleges and universities are increasingly mandating sustainability and environmental protection into their practices.  To date, such institutions have focused their efforts on recycling and energy-use reduction and less on the management and conservation of wildlife and wildlife habitats. However, in an increasingly urbanizing world, well-managed campuses can provide habitat and even refuge for wildlife species.  On the campus of a sustainability-minded university in Nigeria, we used camera traps to determine the presence of wildlife and used occupancy modeling to evaluate factors that influenced the detectability and habitat use of two mammals for which we had sufficient detections: White-tailed Mongoose Ichneumia albicauda and Gambian Rat Cricetomys gambianus.  Our intent was to gather baseline data on campus wildlife to inform future research and make recommendations for maintaining wildlife populations.  We detected wildlife primarily within less-disturbed areas that contained a designated nature area, and the presence of a nature area was the key predictor variable influencing habitat use.  No measured variables influenced detectability.  This study supports other research that highlights the importance of undisturbed or minimally disturbed natural habitats on university campuses for wildlife, especially in increasingly built-up and developed regions.  We recommend that institutions of higher education devote greater resources to making campuses wildlife-friendly and increase opportunities for students to engage in campus-based wildlife research and conservation and other sustainability-related programs. 

scholarly journals Dieta, uso de hábitat y patrones de actividad del puma (Puma concolor) y el jaguar (Panthera onca) en la selva maya.

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Giovanii Estrada Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Mayan Forest ◽  
Niche Components

RESUMEN: La Selva Maya es el bosque tropical de hoja ancha más extenso de Centroamérica, se extiende entre México, Guatemala y Belice. El jaguar y el puma, son los felinos más grandes de América. En esta zona viven simpátricamente por lo que se presupone segregación en alguno de los componentes de su nicho ecológico. En este estudio se analizaron y compararon tres de los componentes principales del nicho: dieta, uso de hábitat y patrones de actividad, con el objetivo de evaluar si existe segregación entre el jaguar y el puma. Para la obtención de los datos se colectaron excrementos de manera oportunista, y se utilizaron trampas de cámaras automáticas en cuatro áreas protegidas. Se analizo la zona de estudio, a través de sistemas de información geográfica para determinar las proporciones de distintos tipos de hábitat presentes, y se colectaron datos de abundancias de las presas. Se analizaron los patrones y en la dieta, en el hábitat utilizado y en el horario de actividad. Se determino que el jaguar tuvo una dieta diferente y mas amplia comparada con la del puma, así también que este consume en promedio, presas más pequeñas. Las presas preferidas por elpuma fueron, tres especies de venados y tepezcuintles. Para el jaguar fueron coches de monte, pizotes y armadillos. Ambas especies presentaron un patrón similar de uso de hábitat, donde el "bosque alto" fue utilizado proporcionalmente a su abundancia, y el puma evitó el "bosque bajo". En cuanto a los patrones de actividad, ambos prefirieron horas nocturnas para desplazarse, aunque el puma presento mayor variabilidad. Se observo que ambas especies no se segregan mutuamente, espacial ni temporalmente. La frecuente utilización del "bosque bajo" y su relación con las aguadas y arroyos, es un factor importante en el mantenimiento de poblaciones de grandes felinos en la Selva MayaPALABRAS CLAVE: Felidae, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, coexistencia, nicho ecológico, Selva Maya, segregación ecológica.ABSTRACT: The Mayan Forest is the largest tropical broad-leaf forest remainder in Central America which extends between Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. Jaguar and puma are the biggest American wild cats. In this area both live sympatric which suggest segregation in at least one of its ecological niche components. In this study I analyzed and compared three of the principal niche components: diet, habitat use and activity patterns, with the main objective of assess if occurs ecological segregation among jaguar and puma. To obtain the data it was collected  jaguar and puma’s scats in an opportunistic way, and was used automatic camera traps in four protected areas. I analyzed the study area by geographic information system (GIS) to determine proportions of different habitat types, and also I used  previous collected prey abundance data. I analyzed patterns in diet, in habitat use and temporal activity. I found that jaguar had a wider prey spectrum than puma; jaguar took (in average) smallest preys, consequently, diets were significantly different. Puma preferred deer, brocket deer and paca as main prey; in contrast, jaguar preferred collared pecari, coati and armadillo. Both predator species presented a similar pattern in habitat usage, in which "highland forest" was used accordingly with its availability and puma avoided "lowland forest". About activity patterns, both were more active in the night time, however, puma was more variable in this aspect. Both species did not show segregation spatially or temporally. KEYWORDS: Felidae, Panthera onca, Puma concolor, coexistence, ecologic niche, Mayan forest, ecologic segregation.

scholarly journals Monitoring species of mammals using track collection by rangers in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
J. Edgardo Arévalo ◽  
Yoryineth Méndez ◽  
Sergio Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Conservation Organizations

Although monitoring of animal populations for informed decision making is fundamental for the conservation and management of biodiversity, monitoring programs are not widely implemented. In addition, monitoring plans often represent an economic burden for many conservation organizations. Here we report on the monitoring of five focal species of mammals in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica. We used a participatory approach in which trained rangers of four institutions conducted trail surveys in an area of ca 50,000ha to determine the presence/absence of the paca (Cuniculus paca), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), tapir (Tapirus bairdii), jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) using track collections. Permanent transects of 3 km were sampled on the same day every month in 2000-01 (141 km) and 2009-10 (303 km). Four of the five focal species were registered in our sampling. One of the most valuable outcomes of the study was the initiative of the rangers to train community members to participate in the monitoring plan. We believe that this participatory approach not only has great potential for the integration of rangers in long term monitoring, but also the incorporation of citizen science-based programs. Multi-institutional collaboration for species monitoring could reduce costs and increase the sampling effort.

scholarly journals MtDNA Analyses on Hair Samples Confirm Cougar, Puma concolor, Presence in Southern New Brunswick, Eastern Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-S. Bertrand ◽  
S. Kenn ◽  
D. Gallant ◽  
E. Tremblay ◽  
L. Vasseur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Range

For the last 40 years, the presence of Cougars (Puma concolor) in eastern Canada has been highly controversial. The purpose of this study was to collect physical evidence of Cougars using a passive detection method. Baited hair-traps combined with camera-traps were installed in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. DNA analyses on two hair samples confirmed that the species was present in southern New Brunswick in 2003. A footprint photographed after an observation of a Cougar by reliable observers was examined by experts and was consistent with a Cougar footprint. Additional data are required to determine the status of Cougars in the northeastern part of its historical range.

scholarly journals Conservation value of a native forest fragment in a region of extensive agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CHIARELLO
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Maned Wolf

A survey of mammals and birds was carried out in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of 150 ha located in a zone of intensive agriculture in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. Line transect sampling was used to census mammals and birds during six days, totalling 27.8 km of trails and 27.8 hours of observation. Twenty mammal species were confirmed in the area (except bats and small mammals), including rare or endangered species, such as the mountain lion (Puma concolor), the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). The brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) and the black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) were found frequently, suggesting high population density in the fragment. Regarding the avifauna, 49 bird species were recorded, most of them typical of open areas or forest edges. Some confirmed species, however, are becoming increasingly rare in the region, as for example the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) and the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco). The results demonstrate that forest fragment of this size are refuges for native fauna in a region dominated almost exclusively by sugar-cane plantations. Besides faunal aspects, the conservation of these fragments is of great importance for the establishment of studies related to species preservation in the long term, including reintroduction and translocation projects, as well as studies related to genetic health of isolated populations.

scholarly journals Anteaters on the edge: giant and lesser anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla) at their geographic distributional limits in Paraguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Laino ◽  
Karim Musalem ◽  
Andrea Caballero-Gini ◽  
Diego Bueno-Villafañe ◽  
José F. González-Maya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cattle Rearing ◽  
Distributional Limits

ABSTRACT Species tend to be less abundant at the limits of their geographic distribution. Giant and lesser anteaters have their southernmost limits in Argentina and Paraguay, where scarce information exists regarding their ecology and conservation. We present a study carried out in the Paraguay River floodplain, in an area dedicated to cattle rearing using native grasses in a subtropical flooded savanna associated with naturally occurring forest islets, wetlands and palm groves. Using camera-traps within three different forest types, we estimated parameters related to habitat preference, social behavior and activity patterns of both species. Results show that capture success was greater in the Floodable sub-humid forest islets (FSF), compared to other types of forests: Riparian forests associated with wetlands (W-RF) and Mesoxerophytic semi-deciduous forests dominated by Schinopsis balansae (MXF). Most detections corresponded to solitary anteaters, although mother-young pairs were occasionally observed during summer. Both species showed a nocturnal and crepuscular activity pattern with a peak of records around midnight. Myrmecophaga tridactyla was detected between 11°C and 26°C, while Tamandua tetradactyla occurred between 15°C and 23°C. Future research that incorporates systematically taken data in other different habitats, including grasslands and shrublands, during all seasons of the year is recommended.

scholarly journals Antropología Ambiental: De las bandas con economía de caza a la agricultura, en un valle fósil costero: Cupisnique, Perú

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Jaime Deza ◽  
Víctor Castañeda ◽  
Luciana Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Yenque
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Del Rio

El presente forma parte del proyecto general: Restos culturales y naturales de cambios ambientales en los desiertos de la costa peruana, como indicadores para una normatividad de gestión territorial (resolución rectoral 21946 – 19 – UAP con fecha 22 de marzo de 2019) que se viene desarrollando en los ríos secos de la costa peruana, para responder a un problema de identificación territorial, luego de observar los frecuentes catástrofes producidas por avenidas de agua en períodos de lluvias intensas.¿La costa peruana siempre ha presentado sus características, como un desierto cortado por 53 ríos valles como se observa en la actualidad? De ahí nuestro objetivo general de identificar restos culturales y naturales asociados a las ocupaciones de poblaciones, como indicadores de una cronología de los cambios climáticos ocurridos desde hace doce mil años.Se concluye que el valle fósil de Cupisnique presenta evidencias de la ocupación humana de hace diez mil años, con el camino de bandas que, en las márgenes de los 45 kilómetros de recorrido del río, aprovecharon los bosque y paleofauna hoy extinguida, a excepción del venado (Odocoileus virginianus), sajino (Pecari tajacu), osos de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) y pumas (Puma concolor) que en temporadas de lluvias bajan por la vera actual hasta cerca del litoral, como también lo hacen algunos asnos (Equus asinus) salvajes.No se registra ocupaciones durante los siguientes seis mil años, hasta hace cuatro mil años (cronología tentativa) a decir por un edificio precerámico. No se registran restos de la cultura Cupisnique (Formativo Andino 3000 años a.p.), que toma su nombre justamente de este valle fósil con el supuesto que aquí fue un escenario importante para el desarrollo de estas etnias. Luego, hay evidencias de hace mil años con la presencia muy escasa de restos de cerámica del horizonte medio (siglo X), y una creciente ocupación actual de agricultores migrantes que, aprovechando la humedad del manto freático siembran con sistemas de riego por goteo moderno con grandes inversiones.

scholarly journals Estado poblacional de mamíferos terrestres en dos áreas protegidas de la región central occidental de Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Cartín Nuñez ◽  
Eduardo Carrillo Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Private Protection ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Importance

In the West Central Region of Costa Rica, there are plenty of forests under public and private protection; however, they are increasingly exposed to fragmentation. This is the first report about species richness and the relative abundance of large and medium size terrestrial mammals, in Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve (ReBAMB) and Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve (RPN). Our camera trap study was undertaken between April and August, 2008. After 1 620 trap-days, 11 species were identified, nine in ReBAMB and six in RPN. The recorded species in both sites were: Cuniculus paca, Dasyprocta punctata, Nasua narica and Pecari tajacu. Felids were only captured in ReBAMB. The peccary (P. tajacu) was the most abundant mammal within the studied area, in contrast with the apparent absence of species such as white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and jaguar (Panthera onca). The difference in species composition between both sites was probably consequence of habitat fragmentation, which especially affects RPN. Species as white-lipped peccary and jaguar could be affected, directly or indirectly, by poaching. We propose that a good conservation goal for ReBAMB and due to their ecological importance is to have at least a white-lipped peccary’s population for the next ten years.

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