The use of shape correction factors for elastic indentation measurements

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Compliance ◽  
Berkovich Indenter ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Axisymmetric Solution ◽  
Vickers Indenter ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Shape Correction ◽  
Knoop Indenter ◽  
Loaded Area

Elastic properties of small volumes of materials can be measured from the unloading of small indentations using the so-called nanoindenters The analytic elastic solutions for axisymmetric indenters are currently used to calculate modulus from the unloading curve, sometimes using corrections derived for flat, rigid punches. It is shown that these corrections represent an upper limit for the correction. More realistic corrections are derived for the Vickers, Berkovich, and Knoop indenter shapes, using the assumption of a uniformly loaded area. Results show that the axisymmetric solution overestimates the elastic compliance of the Vickers indenter by a factor of 1.0055, of the Berkovich indenter by a factor of 1.0226, and of the Knoop indenter by a factor of 2.682.

Visco-Elastic Properties of the Mesogloea of Jellyfish

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
R. McN. ALEXANDER
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Compliance ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Polymeric Gels

The mesogloea of Scyphozoa (Cymrea and Chrysaora) differs from that of Anthozoa in having higher elastic compliance, in having a broad distribution of retardation times, and in that creep recovery is very slow. In the second of these properties the scyphozoan mesogloea resembles simple polymeric gels.

scholarly journals Чувствительность дислокационных розеток к форме индентора Берковича на кристаллах LiF и MgO

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Д. Грабко ◽  
К. Пырцак ◽  
О. Шикимака
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Orientation Effect ◽  
Berkovich Indenter ◽  
Cubic Crystals ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Vickers Indenter ◽  
Load Growth ◽  
The Asymmetry

A peculiar effect, namely, the sensitivity of the shape of dislocation rosettes to the indenter type under indentation of the (001) face of LiF and MgO single crystals has been revealed. It was shown that the dislocation rosettes forming around the Vickers indenter are symmetrical, while the rosettes around the Berkovich one are asymmetric, the edge beams of the dislocation rosettes vary in length, and the screw ones do not show such asymmetry. An orientation effect was found during the penetration of the Berkovich indenter: the shape of the dislocation rosettes and the length of the edge beams change with a change in the orientation of the indenter relative to the crystallographic directions of the sample. It was also shown that the asymmetry of dislocation rosettes is more visible on harder crystals and increases with load growth on the indenter. The factors responsible for the anomaly in the development of dislocation rosettes under indentation in nano and micro scale by the Berkovich indenter of the (001) plane of cubic crystals are established

Indenter Geometry Effects on The Measurement of Mechanical Properties by Nanoindentation with Sharp Indenters

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Y. Tsui ◽  
W. C. Oliver ◽  
G. M. Pharr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Berkovich Indenter ◽  
Conical Indenter ◽  
Triangular Pyramid ◽  
Vickers Indenter ◽  
Geometry Effects ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Indenter Geometry

AbstractThe measurement of mechanical properties by nanoindentation methods is most often conducted using indenters with the Berkovich geometry (a triangular pyramid) or with a sphere. These indenters provide a wealth of information, but there are certain circumstances in which it would be useful to make measurements with indenters of other geometries. We have recently explored how the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus can be achieved using sharp indenters other than the Berkovich. Systematic studies in several materials were conducted with a Vickers indenter, a conical indenter with a half-included tip angle of 70.3°, and the standard Berkovich indenter. All three indenters are geometrically similar and have nominally the same area-to-depth relationship, but there are distinct differences in the behavior of each. Here, we report on the application of these indenters in the measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by nanoindentation methods and some of the difficulties that occur.

Study of the elastic properties of hexagonal metal single crystals

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. V. Krasavin ◽  
A. V. Krasavin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Compliance ◽  
Crystallographic Direction ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Hexagonal Axis ◽  
Metal Single Crystals ◽  
Hexagonal Metals

Hexagonal metals (e.g., Be, Zr, Ti) are widely used in the nuclear industry, space and aircraft engineering (in manufacturing of the structural elements operating under extreme conditions). A promising way to improve the quality of products made of them is to improve the physical properties of materials using the natural anisotropy of metal single crystals. The results of studying anisotropy and a comparative analysis of the technical characteristics of the elastic properties of single crystals of hexagonal metals are presented. The equations of the elastic compliance matrix components are derived in the explicit form for arbitrary crystallographic direction proceeding from transformations of the elastic compliance tensor in the principal axes to a new arbitrary coordinate system with a subsequent use of Euler angles. Analytical expressions are presented for the technical characteristics of the elastic properties (shear and Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio) of the single crystals of 10 hep metals for an arbitrary crystallographic direction. The axial symmetry of the characteristics about the hexagonal axis is revealed. The sums of the elastic compliance coefficients which determine the shear moduli and the Poisson's ratios in two mutually perpendicular directions are constant in any crystallographic plane of the single crystal. A comparative analysis of the anisotropy of the elastic properties of single crystals of the studied group of metals revealed auxetic properties of Zn and Be single crystals and the region of crystallographic directions of uniaxia tension, leading to an auxetic effect The auxetic effect in Zn was observed under tension in the directions of the plane perpendicular to the hexagonal axis of the single crystal. The planes of the auxetic effect manifestation in Be single crystals are perpendicular to the directions making an angle of 45° with the hexagonal axis.

Microbulldozing and Microchiseling

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
J.N. Ramsey ◽  
D.P. Cameron ◽  
F.W. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Knoop Indenter ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Microhardness Tester

As computer components become smaller the analytical methods used to examine them and the material handling techniques must become more sensitive, and more sophisticated. We have used microbulldozing and microchiseling in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, replica electron microscopy, and microprobe analysis for studying actual and potential problems with developmental and pilot line devices. Foreign matter, corrosion, etc, in specific locations are mechanically loosened from their substrates and removed by “extraction replication,” and examined in the appropriate instrument. The mechanical loosening is done in a controlled manner by using a microhardness tester—we use the attachment designed for our Reichert metallograph. The working tool is a pyramid shaped diamond (a Knoop indenter) which can be pushed into the specimen with a controlled pressure and in a specific location.

Electron Microscopy and image reconstruction reveal the structural basis for spectrin's elastic properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
Amy M. McGough ◽  
Robert Josephs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Membrane Skeleton ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Iterative Approximation ◽  
Membrane Skeletons

The remarkable deformability of the erythrocyte derives in large part from the elastic properties of spectrin, the major component of the membrane skeleton. It is generally accepted that spectrin's elasticity arises from marked conformational changes which include variations in its overall length (1). In this work the structure of spectrin in partially expanded membrane skeletons was studied by electron microscopy to determine the molecular basis for spectrin's elastic properties. Spectrin molecules were analysed with respect to three features: length, conformation, and quaternary structure. The results of these studies lead to a model of how spectrin mediates the elastic deformation of the erythrocyte.Membrane skeletons were isolated from erythrocyte membrane ghosts, negatively stained, and examined by transmission electron microscopy (2). Particle lengths and end-to-end distances were measured from enlarged prints using the computer program MACMEASURE. Spectrin conformation (straightness) was assessed by calculating the particles’ correlation length by iterative approximation (3). Digitised spectrin images were correlation averaged or Fourier filtered to improve their signal-to-noise ratios. Three-dimensional reconstructions were performed using a suite of programs which were based on the filtered back-projection algorithm and executed on a cluster of Microvax 3200 workstations (4).

The buckling of thin EM specimens

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-851
Author(s):  
A.R. Thölén
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Thin Electron ◽  
Regular Patterns

Thin electron microscope specimens often contain irregular bend contours (Figs. 1-3). Very regular bend patterns have, however, been observed around holes in some ion-milled specimens. The purpose of this investigation is twofold. Firstly, to find the geometry of bent specimens and the elastic properties of extremely thin foils and secondly, to obtain more information about the background to the observed regular patterns.The specimen surface is described by z = f(x,y,p), where p is a parameter, eg. the radius of curvature of a sphere. The beam is entering along the z—direction, which coincides with the foil normal, FN, of the undisturbed crystal surface (z = 0). We have here used FN = [001]. Furthermore some low indexed reflections are chosen around the pole FN and in our fcc crystal the following g-vectors are selected:

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