Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 3331-3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Gong ◽  
Craig A. Grimes ◽  
Oomman K. Varghese ◽  
Wenchong Hu ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

Titanium oxide nanotubes were fabricated by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 to 3.5 wt% hydrofluoric acid. These tubes are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. While the tops of the tubes are open, the bottoms of the tubes are closed, forming a barrier layer structure similar to that of porous alumina. The average tube diameter, ranging in size from 25 to 65 nm, was found to increase with increasing anodizing voltage, while the length of the tube was found independent of anodization time. A possible growth mechanism is presented.

The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Fabrication of Self-Organized Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays by Anodic Oxidation

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyun Cai ◽  
Maggie Paulose ◽  
Oomman K. Varghese ◽  
Craig A. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Self Organized

We report on the fabrication of self-organized titanium oxide nanotube arrays of enhanced surface area prepared by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet in electrolyte solutions containing potassium fluoride (KF) or sodium fluoride (NaF). The effects of electrolyte composition and concentration, solution pH, and the anodic potential on the formation of nanotubes and dimensions of the resulting nanotubes are detailed. Although nanotube arrays of length greater than 500 nm are not possible with hydrofluoric acid containing electrolytes [G.K. Mor, O.K. Varghese, M. Paulose,N. Mukherjee, C.A. Grimes, J. Mater. Res. 18, 2588 (2003)], by adjusting the pH of a KF containing electrolyte to 4.5 using additives such as sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen sulfate, and/or citric acid, we could increase the length of the nanotube-array to approximately 4.4 μm, an order of magnitude increase in length. The as-prepared nanotubes are composed of amorphous titanium oxide. Independent of the electrolyte composition, crystallization of the nanotubes to anatase phase occurred at temperatures ⩾280 °C. Rutile formation occurred at the nanotube-Ti substrate interface at temperatures near 480 °C. It appears geometry constraints imposed by the nanotube walls inhibit anatase to rutile transformation. No disintegration of the nanotube array structure is observed at temperatures as high as 580 °C. The excellent structural and crystal phase stability of these nanotubes make them promising for both low- and high-temperature applications.

A flexible lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerator based on vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanotube arrays on a Ti-mesh substrate

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (84) ◽  
pp. 81426-81435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Libnedengel Tsege ◽  
Gyu Han Kim ◽  
Venkateswarlu Annapureddy ◽  
Beomkeun Kim ◽  
Hyung-Kook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Ti Mesh

A novel, flexible lead-free piezoelectric nanogenerator was developed using a uniform BaTiO3 film; synthesized by in situ conversion of titanium oxide nanotubes in a low temperature hydrothermal process.

Fabrication of self-organised highly ordered titanium oxide nanotube arrays by anodic oxidation and characterisation

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Raheleh Mohammadpour ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Ahadian ◽  
Azam Iraji zad ◽  
Nima Taghavinia ◽  
Abol Ghasem Dolati
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Nanotube Arrays

Interference Colors of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Grown by Anodic Oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Yun Moon ◽  
Marianna Kemell ◽  
Risto Punkkinen ◽  
Hannu Pekka Hedman ◽  
Byungki Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Titanium Foil ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Color Differences

The study describes the interference color of anodic TiO2 nanotube arrays on titanium foil. TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared by oxidizing titanium foil in an aqueous electrolyte solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF, 0.5 wt.%). The morphologies of the oxide film are characterized by FESEM. The empirical color properties are obtained using the L*a*b* system. The different interference colors of oxidized Ti samples are obtained depending on the anodization time. The anodization time clearly indicates a strong effect on the reflectance at the visible wavelength region, thus confirming the observed color differences. Consequently, the interference colors can be controlled by the anodization time. By observing the coloration of Ti during the anodization, the interference colors can be utilized to identify the thickness of oxide layer and the formation of nanotubes on Ti sheet.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Anodization and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes for Photo Electrochemical Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
C U Bhadra ◽  
D Henry Raja ◽  
D Jonas Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Titania Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes ◽  
Inner Diameter

Abstract Due to its multitude of applications, titanium oxide is one of the most coveted and most sought-after materials. The above experiment demonstrated that TiO2 nanotube arrays might be formed by electrochemical anodization of titanium foil. The 0.25 wt% ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was added to a solution of 99% ethylene glycol. Anodization is carried out at a constant DC voltage of 12V for 1 hour. Then, the annealing process is carried out for 1 hour at 4800C, which is known as an annealing. FE-SEM were utilized to evaluate the surface morphology of the nanotube arrays that were made. At the wavelength of 405 nm, sharply peaked photoluminescence intensity was observed, which corresponded tothe band gap energy (3.2 eV) of the anatase TiO2 phase. Since free excitations appear at 391 and 496 nm, and since oxygen vacancies are developed on the surface of titania nanotube arrays, it is reasonable to conclude that free excitations and oxygen vacancies are the causes of humps at 391 and 496 nm, and that they may also be present at 412 and 450 nm. FESEM results showed uniformly aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays with an inner diameter of 100 nm and a wall thickness of 50 nm

Preparation and Optical Properties of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Anodic Oxidation Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Zhu Mei Wang ◽  
Yun Xia Chen ◽  
Yue Ming Li ◽  
Jian Lin Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titania Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Titania Nanotube ◽  
Anodic Oxidation Method ◽  
Oxidation Parameters

Titania nanotube arrays were fabricated by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium foil. The morphology, structure and optical properties of the nanotube arrays were characterized by SEM, XRD and UV-Vis spectrum. The effect of anodic oxidation parameters on the morphology was investigated. The growth mechanism of the titania nanotube arrays was discussed. The results show that the vertical oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays can be obtained at 20V for 60min in 0.5wt%HF+1mol/L H3PO4 solution. The aperture size of nanotube is 60nm~80nm and the thickness of tube wall is about 10nm. The spectral absorptivity of TiO2 nanotube arrays membrane calcined at 600°C towards ultravlolet light 349.7nm and visible light 443.9nm was relatively higher. It is also found that the crystal structure is greatly affected by calcining temperature.

High-Aspect-Ratio Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Anodized in KH2PO4/NH4F/Citric Acid Electrolytes

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Seong Je Cho ◽  
Jong Oh Kim ◽  
Dae Jin Yang ◽  
Won Youl Choi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Step Voltage ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes ◽  
Photocatalytic Application

Titanium of 99.7% purity was anodized in 1M potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4) water solution with 0.15M NH4F. Titanium oxide nanotubes were fabricated at anodization potential of 20 V and 4.64 pH. To control the pH of the solution, we have added weak acid such as citric acid because it has three dissociation constants (pKa) of 3.09, 4.75, and 5.41. Citric acid was very useful to control the pH of the 1M KH2PO4 water electrolyte solution within 3 to 5. The diameter and length of the titanium oxide nanotubes were independent on anodization time. The diameter of 120 nm and length of 2.8 μm at anodization time of 5 hrs were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Undesired thin oxide layer blocking the top of titanium oxide nanotubes was wiped out by increasing the anodization potential with the multi step voltage by 1 V reached to 25 V. The titanium oxide nanotubes having a very large surface area are very attractive for the battery, gas sensor, photocatalytic application, and biomaterials.

Photo Electrochemical Responses of Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays on Pure Titanium Substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Feng Qin Yu ◽  
Min Dong ◽  
Ya Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electrochemical Test ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes ◽  
Metallic Oxides ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes

This paper deals with photo electrochemical responses of titanium dioxide nanotubes on pure titanium. Photosensitive electrodes (anodes) with the major composition of doped oxides were made using the titanium oxide nanotubes. The responses of the oxide nanotubes with different additives to both ultraviolet (Uv) and visible (Vis) light were illustrated. Research results of the enhance absorption of visible light by adding transition metals or metallic oxides including Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, CoO, CuO, NiO, ZnO into the nanotubes will be shown. Finally, test results of the photo electrochemical fuel cells using diluted glycerol as the fuel under the irradiation of natural light will be presented and the open circuit voltage values will be given. The photo electrochemical test results show that the doped titanium oxide nanotubes show the n-type behavior. The photo anodes can absorb both ultraviolet and visible light. But the response to the ultraviolet light is five to ten times stronger.

scholarly journals Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Prepared by Anodic Oxidation and Their Application in Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI Huan-Huan ◽  
◽  
CHEN Run-Feng ◽  
MA Cong ◽  
ZHANG Sheng-Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes
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