scholarly journals Preparation of (Pb,Ba)TiO3 powders and highly oriented thin films by a sol-gel process

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey W. Boland ◽  
Suresh C. Pillai ◽  
Wein-Duo Yang ◽  
Sossina M. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Solid solution Pb1-xBaxTiO3, with particular emphasis on Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3, was prepared using a sol-gel process incorporating lead acetate trihydrate, barium acetate, and titanium isopropoxide as precursors, acetylacetone (2,4 pentanedione) as a chelating agent, and ethylene glycol as a solvent. The synthesis procedure was optimized by systematically varying acetylacetone: Ti and H2O:Ti molar ratios and calcination temperature. The resulting effects on sol and powder properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystallization of the perovskite structure occurred at a temperature as low as 450 °C. Thin films were prepared by spin coating on (100) MgO. Pyrolysis temperature and heating rate were varied, and the resultant film properties investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and XRD. Under optimized conditions, highly oriented films were obtained at a crystallization temperature of 600 °C.

Comparison between the optical and surface properties of TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel process

2011 ◽  
Vol 1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo M. Viana ◽  
Nelcy D. S. Mohallem
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Refraction Index ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tio2 Thin Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel Process

ABSTRACTColloidal precursor solutions, obtained from a mixture of titanium isopropoxide, isopropyl alcohol and silver nitrate, were used to fabricate amorphous TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 thin films by sol-gel process. The films were deposited on borosilicate substrates, which were heated at 400 °C for 30 minutes and cooled rapidly to the formation of amorphous coatings. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The thickness, roughness, refraction index, and particle size of the TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 films were determined and compared. Finally, hydrophobic-hydrophilic property was evaluated to the thin films produced.

Microstructure and Optical Properties of (Zr0.8, Sn0.2)TiO4 Thin Films Grown on Si(100) Substrates by a Sol-Gel Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3693-3696
Author(s):  
Wen Xiu Cheng ◽  
Ai Li Ding ◽  
Ping Sun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Indirect Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Transition Type

Amorphous and crystalline (Zr0.8,Sn0.2)TiO4 （ZST） thin films deposited on Si(100) substrates have been prepared by a sol-gel process. The crystal structure and surface morphologies of the thin films have been studied by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The crystalline ZST films on Si(100) substrata with a (111) orientation The refractive index n and extinction coefficient k of the amorphous and crystalline thin films were obtained by spectroscopy ellipsometry as a function of phone energy in the range from 0.7 to 5.4 eV. The absorption edges for amorphous and crystalline ZST are 3.83 and 3.51eV of indirect–transition type respectively.

Parametric Optimization of a Sol-Gel Process for the Synthesis of Highly-Oriented (Pb, Ba)TiO3 Thin Films

2002 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wein-Duo Yang ◽  
Suresh C. Pillai ◽  
Stacey W. Boland ◽  
Sossina M. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Lead Acetate Trihydrate ◽  
Acetate Trihydrate ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Optimized Conditions

ABSTRACTA sol-gel process incorporating lead acetate trihydrate, barium acetate and titanium isopropoxide as precursors, acetylacetone as a chelating agent, and ethylene glycol as a solvent was used to prepare solid solution (Pb0.5,Ba0.5)TiO3. Water content, annealing temperature and heating rate were varied and the resulting effects on material properties were studied using TGA/DSC, FTIR, FESEM and X-ray diffraction. Crystallization of the perovskite structure occurred at a temperature as low as 450°C. Thin films were prepared by spin coating on (100) MgO using the optimized precursor sol. Pyrolysis and anneal temperatures were varied and the resultant film properties investigated. The pyrolysis temperature used to dry the film was found to strongly affect orientation. Under optimized conditions, highly oriented films were obtained at a crystallization temperature of 600°C.

Preparation, Microstructure and Physical Characteristics of Ferroelectric Pb5Ge3O11 Thin Films for Memory Application

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. X. Liu ◽  
C. Caragianis-Broadbridge ◽  
A. H. Lehman ◽  
J. McGuinness ◽  
T. P. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe report sol-gel process of Pb5Ge3O11 (PGO) as well as the microstructure and physical properties of ferroelectric PGO films for memory applications. The PGO sol was prepared from lead acetate hydrate, germanium isopropoxide, and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether. The reactions taking place during the sol-gel process were examined in detail. Diethanolamine (DEA) was added to help maintain the desired species ratio and prevent germanium oxide precipitation. The preferred orientation of the PGO thin films was well controlled by the heating and reflux procedures in the sol-gel preparation process. Additionally, to examine the impact of postdeposition processing, selected samples were oxygen annealed at temperatures ranging from 450–650°C. The samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), non-contact (planview) atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). The resulting data indicate that the microstructure and physical properties of PGO films depend strongly on the precursor preparation as well as the post deposition annealing temperature.

Dielectric Properties of Sol-Gel Derived MgAl2O4 Thin Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Ching Fang Tseng ◽  
Cheng Hsing Hsu ◽  
Chun Hung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dissipation Factor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Surface Morphologies

This paper describes microstructure characteristics of MgAl2O4 thin films were deposited by sol-gel method with various preheating temperatures and annealing temperatures. Particular attention will be paid to the effects of a thermal treatment in air ambient on the physical properties. The annealed films were characterized using X-ray diffraction. The surface morphologies of treatment film were examined by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. At a preheating temperature of 300oC and an annealing temperature of 700oC, the MgAl2O4 films with 9 μm thickness possess a dielectric constant of 9 at 1 kHz and a dissipation factor of 0.18 at 1 kHz.

scholarly journals Surface and Optical Properties of Gd-Doped ZrO2 Nano Films

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ognian Dimitrov ◽  
Irina Stambolova ◽  
Sasho Vassilev ◽  
Katerina Lazarova ◽  
Silvia Simeonova
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Skin Conditions

Nanosized coatings of ZrO2 were deposited on silicon substrates using sol-gel and spin coating techniques. The precursor solutions were prepared from ZrOCl2.8H2O with the addition of different percentage (0.5–5%) of rare earth Gd3+ ions as dopant. The thin films were homogeneous, with average thickness of 115 nm and refractive index (n) of 1.83. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed the presence of a varying mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystalline phases, depending on the dopant, all of which with nanosized crystallites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods were deployed to investigate the surface morphology and roughness of the thin films, respectively. They revealed a smooth, well uniform and crack-free surface with average roughness of 0.8 nm. It was established that the dopant concentration affects the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the samples. The undoped films exhibited broad violet-blue PL emission, while the addition of Gd3+ ions resulted in new narrow bands in both UV-B and visible light regions, characteristic of the rare earth metal. The intensive emission located at 313 nm can find useful application in medical lamps for treatment of different skin conditions.

scholarly journals Structural and optical properties of Fe- doped ZnO thin films prepared by Sol–Gel spin coating process and their photocatalytic activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Selma M. H. Al-Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Doped Zno

Pure and Fe-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline films were preparedvia a sol–gel method using -C for 2 h.The thin films were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanningelectron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV- visible spectroscopy. TheXRD results showed that ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure andthe Fe ions were well incorporated into the ZnO structure. As the Felevel increased from 2 wt% to 8 wt%, the crystallite size reduced incomparison with the pure ZnO. The transmittance spectra were thenrecorded at wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 1000 nm. Theoptical band gap energy of spin-coated films also decreased as Fedoping concentration increased. In particular, their optical band gapenergies were 3.75, 3.6, 3.5, 3.45 and 3.3 eV doping concentration of0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% Fe, respectively. The performance of thepure and doped ZnO thin films was examined for the photocatalyticactivity using organic dyes (methyl orange, methyl blue, methylviolet). The samples ZnO with concentration of Fe showed increasedphotocatalytic activity with an optimal maximum performance at0.8 wt%.

scholarly journals Highly c-axis Oriented ZnO Thin Films by Sol-gel Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Kutlu ◽  
Necdet H. Erdogan ◽  
Nazmi Sedefoglu ◽  
Hamide Kavak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coating Method

Abstract This study reports the effect of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO (Zinc Oxide) thin films deposited on a glass substrate by the sol-gel spin coating method. Those properties of ZnO were examined with UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), before and after annealing. XRD results revealed that all the samples had a highly c-axis oriented wurtzite structure. A 1 (LO) mode in Raman spectra also confirmed the highly oriented ZnO films. Optical measurement indicated that transmittance of the films was above %85, and the optical band gap slightly decreased with the increasing annealing temperature from 350 to 550 °C. Morphological analysis displayed that increasing annealing temperature improved surface morphology and enlarged the grain size from 2-3 nm for as-deposited samples to 150 nm for annealed at 550 °C.

scholarly journals Sol-gel synthesis and study of neodymium substitution effects in Co-Al-Nd-O system with possible applications as novel inorganic pigments

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1574-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Jonynaite ◽  
Darius Jasaitis ◽  
Rimantas Raudonis ◽  
Algirdas Selskis ◽  
Remigijus Juskenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

AbstractIn the present work, the formation of cobalt aluminium spinel (CoAl2O4) as well as novel cobalt neodymium-aluminates with nominal compositions of CoAl1.75Nd0.25O4, CoAl1.5Nd0.5O4 and CoAlNdO4 by an aqueous sol-gel process and the sinterability of the products are investigated. The metal ions, generated by dissolving starting materials of metals in the diluted acetic acid were complexed by 1,2-ethanediol to obtain the precursors for the mixed metal ceramics. The phase purity of the synthesized compounds was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructural evolution and morphological features of the products were studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which together with the optical characterization of these new compounds showed that the sol-gel-derived materials could be successfully used as effective cobalt-based ceramic pigments.

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