High-strength binary Ti–Fe bulk alloys with enhanced ductility

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3600-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri V. Louzguine ◽  
Hidemi Kato ◽  
Larissa V. Louzguina ◽  
Akihisa Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Injection Mold ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Bulk Alloys

The structure of hypoeutectic, hypereutectic, and eutectic Ti–Fe alloys produced in the shape of arc-melted ingots was found to consist of the ordered Pm-3m TiFe and disordered BCC Im3m β–Ti solid solution phase. The dimensions of the ingots were about 25–40 mm in diameter and 10–15 mm in height, and their structure was studied by x-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The rectangular parallelepiped-shaped samples 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 mm in size cut from the central part of the ingots exhibit a high strength of about 2000 MPa, except for Ti60Fe40, and a certain ductility. The relatively low density of Ti (4.5 Mg/m3) implies high strength/density ratio for the studied alloys. These alloys are characterized by the low cost of the alloying element Fe and, compared to most of the high-strength non-equilibrium materials, do not require additional injection mold casting or rapid solidification procedures.

Non-equilibrium Ti-Fe bulk alloys with ultra-high strength and enhanced ductility

2004 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin ◽  
Larissa V. Louzguina-Luzgina ◽  
Hidemi Kato ◽  
Akihisa Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Supersaturated Solid Solution ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Mechanical Fracture ◽  
Glassy Alloys ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Bulk Alloys

ABSTRACTThe high-strength and ductile hypo-, hyper- and eutectic Ti-Fe alloys were formed in the shape of the arc-melted ingots with the dimensions of about 25–40 mm in diameter and 10–15 mm in height. The structure of the samples consists of cubic Pm 3 m TiFe and BCC Im 3 m β-Ti supersaturated solid solution phase. The arc-melted hypereutectic Ti65Fe35 alloy has a dispersed structure consisting of the primary TiFe phase and submicron-size eutectic structure. This alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties: a Young's modulus of 149 GPa, a high mechanical fracture strength of 2.2 GPa, a 0.2 % yield strength of 1.8 GPa and 6.7 % ductility. The hard round-shaped intermetallic TiFe phase and the supersaturated β-Ti solid solution result in a high strength of the Ti65Fe35 alloy which in addition has much higher ductility compared to that of the nanostructured or glassy alloys. The reasons for the high ductility of the hypereutectic alloy are discussed.

Low-cost biodiesel production using waste oil and catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2093517
Author(s):  
Raheleh Talavari ◽  
Shokoufe Hosseini ◽  
GR Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
X Ray

With the production of renewable biofuels, concerns about the end of fossil fuels have been partially eliminated. On the other hand, the utilization of low-cost and waste materials to provide the raw essential substances to manufacture these fuels is of paramount importance. Biodiesel is one of these fuels and the required raw materials for the reaction are oil (triglycerides), alcohol and catalyst. In this work, travertine stone powder (as waste in the manufacture of building materials) was used as a catalyst and waste frying oil as a source of triglyceride for biodiesel production. Using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analysis, optimum temperature for catalyst calcination was selected at 900°C. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. Using the design of experiments Response Surface Methodology, the optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production yield of 97.74% were: reaction temperature 59.52°C (~60°C), time 3.8 h (228 min), catalyst concentration 1.36 wt.% and the methanol to oil molar ratio of 11:6. After reusing four times, the catalyst efficiency was reduced a little, and the biodiesel yield was 89.84%, indicating high strength and stability of the catalyst.

Investigation of the structure and properties of hypereutectic Ti-based bulk alloys

2004 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri V. Louzguine-Luzgin ◽  
Larissa V. Louzguina-Luzgina ◽  
Akihisa Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Mn Additions ◽  
Bulk Alloys ◽  
Compound Tife ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Tife

ABSTRACTStructure and mechanical properties of binary Ti-TM (TM-other transition metals) and ternary Ti-Fe-(TM, B or Si) alloys produced in the shape of the arc-melted ingots of about 25 mm diameter and 10 mm height are studied. The formation of high-strength and ductile hypereutectic alloys was achieved in the Ti-Fe, Ti-Fe-Cu and Ti-Fe-B systems. The structures of the high-strength and ductile hypereutectic alloys studied by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were found to consist of the primary cubic Pm3 m intermetallic compound (TiFe-phase or a solid solution on its base) and a dispersed eutectic consisting of this Pm3m intermetallic compound + BCC Im 3 m β-Ti supersaturated solid solution phase. The hypereutectic Ti-Fe alloy showed excellent compressive mechanical properties. The addition of Cu improves its ductility. B addition increased mechanical strength. Ni, Cr and Mn additions caused embrittlement owing to the formation of alternative intermetallic compounds. The deformation behaviour and the fractography of the Ti-based alloys were studied in details. The reasons for the high strength and good ductility of the hypereutectic alloys are discussed.

scholarly journals Tailoring Compressive Strength and Absorption Energy of Lightweight Multi-Phase AlCuSiFeX (X = Cr, Mn, Zn, Sn) High-Entropy Alloys Processed via Powder Metallurgy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4945
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Hansung Lee ◽  
Byungmin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Fcc Phase

The development of lightweight HEAs with high strength and low cost is an urgent requirement. In this study, equimolar AlCuSiFeX (X = Cr, Mn, Zn, Sn) lightweight HEAs were fabricated by advanced powder metallurgy. The mechanical alloying was performed for 45 h, and the powder compacts were densified at 650 °C. The final results revealed that AlCuSiFeSn lightweight HEA was composed of a single face-centered cubic (FCC) and Cu81Sn22, whereas AlCuSiFeZn showed a dual FCC and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures. Similarly, AlCuSiFeMn alloy contained a BCC + FCC phase with a µ-phase, whereas a σ-phase was present in AlCuSiFeCr in addition to FCC + BCC phases. We also calculated various thermodynamic parameters to predict the solid-solution phase stability of each of the above lightweight HEAs. It was found that lightweight HEAs with additive elements Sn and Zn tend to predominant FCC phases, whereas those with Cr and Mn result in major BCC with hard µ and σ phases, which further improve their mechanical strength. A maximum fracture strain of 23% was obtained for AlCuSiFeSn followed by 19% for AlCuSiFeZn HEA. The compressive fracture mechanisms of these lightweight HEAs are also discussed and reported here.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

BRUSH CASTING ALLOY 21C

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Beryllium Copper

Abstract BRUSH CASTING ALLOY 21C is a beryllium copper alloy of high strength with cobalt as the second alloying element (1.0 to 2.0% Co). Use is in age-hardened temper. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Cu-575. Producer or source: Brush Wellman Inc..

INCONEL ALLOY X-750

Alloy Digest ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract INCONEL alloy X-750 is an age-hardenable, nickel-chromium alloy used for its corrosion and oxidation resistance and high creep rupture strength at temperature up to 1500 F. It also has excellent properties at cryogenic temperatures. It was originally developed for use in gas turbines, but because of its low cost, high strength and weldability it has become the standards choice for a wide variety of applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-115. Producer or source: Huntington Alloy Products Division, An INCO Company.

ALUMINUM A356

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Permanent Mold ◽  
Aluminum Company ◽  
Mold Casting ◽  
Hardening Heat Treatment

Abstract Aluminum A356 is a sand and permanent mold casting alloy that responds to an age-hardening heat treatment. It is recommended for aircraft and missile components where high strength and corrosion resistance are required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-192. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

ALCOA 7020 T651

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Aerospace Structures

Abstract Aluminum 7xxx series alloys contain zinc as the main alloying element, usually in combination with magnesium and copper. High-strength 7020 alloy is widely used in aerospace structures and is approved by the world’s leading airframe builders. For engineering applications this alloy is generally used in the T651 temper in order to provide maximum strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-400. Producer or source: Alcoa Mill Products Inc.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

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