Role of titanium on the reactive spreading of lead-free solders on alumina

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3222-3233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Gremillard ◽  
Eduardo Saiz ◽  
Velimir R. Radmilovic ◽  
Antoni P. Tomsia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Triple Line ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Liquid Front ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Lead Free Solders ◽  
Solid Liquid

The wetting of Sn3Ag-based alloys on Al2O3 has been studied using the sessile-drop configuration. Small additions of Ti decrease the contact angle of Sn3Ag alloys on alumina from 115° to 23°. Adsorption of Ti-species at the solid–liquid interface prior to reaction is the driving force for the observed decrease in contact angle, and the spreading kinetics is controlled by the kinetics of Ti dissolution into the molten alloy. The addition of Ti increases the transport rates at the solid–liquid interface, resulting in the formation of triple-line ridges that pin the liquid front and promote a wide variability in the final contact angles.

Dependence of the Contact Angle on Adsorption at the Solid-Liquid Interface

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A method for determining the surface tension of solid-fluid interfaces has been proposed. For a given temperature and fluid-solid combination, these surface tensions are expressed in terms of material properties that can be determined by measuring the amount of vapor adsorbed on the solid surface as a function of xV, the ratio of the vapor-phase pressure to the saturation-vapor pressure. The thermodynamic concept of pressure is shown to be in conflict with that of continuum mechanics, but is supported experimentally. This approach leads to the prediction that the contact angle, θ, can only exist in a narrow pressure range and that in this pressure range, the solid-vapor surface tension is constant and equal to the surface tension of the liquid-vapor interface, γLV. The surface tension of the solid-liquid interface, γSL, may be expressed in terms of measurable properties, γLV and θ: γSL = γLV(1 − cosθ). The value of θ is predicted to depend on both the pressure in the liquid at the three-phase, line x3L, and the three-phase line curvature, Ccl. We examine these predictions using sessile water droplets on a polished Cu surface, maintained in a closed, constant volume, isothermal container. The value of θ is found to depend on the adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, nSL = nSL(x3L,Ccl). The predicted value of θ is compared with that measured, and found to be in close agreement, but no effect of line tension is found.

Adsorption of azacrown ethers at solid–liquid interface. Contact angle and neutron reflectivity study

2009 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Wojciechowski ◽  
Anna Brzozowska ◽  
Sebastien Cap ◽  
Witold Rzodkiewicz ◽  
Thomas Gutberlet
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Neutron Reflectivity ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Interface Contact ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Effect of Direct Current on Solid-Liquid Interfacial Tension and Wetting Behavior of Ga–In–Sn Alloy Melt on Cu Substrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Hui Xing ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Kaikai Song
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Wetting Behavior ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Solid Liquid

The effect of direct current (DC) on the wetting behavior of Cu substrate by liquid Ga–25In–13Sn alloy at room temperature is investigated using a sessile drop method. It is found that there is a critical value for current intensity, below which the decrease of contact angle with increasing current intensity is approximately linear and above which contact angle tends to a stable value from drop shape. Current polarity is a negligible factor in the observed trend. Additionally, the observed change in contact angles is translated into the corresponding change in solid-liquid interfacial tension using the equation of state for liquid interfacial tensions. The solid-liquid interfacial tension decreases under DC. DC-induced promotion of solute diffusion coefficient is likely to play an important role in determining the wettability and solid-liquid interfacial tension under DC.

Wetting and Interfacial Behavior of Molten Al on Mo-Ni(Co)-Si Coated SiC Ceramic

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
San Tuan Zhao ◽  
Xiang Zhao Zhang ◽  
Gui Wu Liu ◽  
Hong Yan Xia ◽  
Zhong Qi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Triple Line ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Sic Ceramic ◽  
Mo Content ◽  
Drop Technique

The Mo-Ni (Co)-Si metallizing coatings on the SiC ceramic substrate were prepared by vacuum cladding process. The wetting and spreading of molten Al on coated SiC ceramic substrates at 900 oC were investigated by the sessile drop technique, and the interfacial behavior of the Al/coated SiC wetting couples was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the final contact angle of Al/M20NiSi coated SiC was close to 0o. With the increase of Mo content in the Mo-Ni-Si coating, the shape of the sessile drop became very irregular due to the strong interactions between the Al drop and the coating, so it was unable to precisely characterize the contact angles of Al/Mo30NiSi and Al/Mo40NiSi systems. The final contact angle of Al/Mo10CoSi coated SiC system was also close to 0o, however, the final contact angle of Al/Mo20CoSi coated SiC system climbed to ~42o with the Mo content increasing from 10 at.% to 20 at.%. The significant increase of contact angle may be caused by the accumulation of Mo near the triple line which can impede the spreading of Al drop.

Mass-Area Method to Measure the Contact Angle on Hydrophilic Surfaces

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hie Chan Kang ◽  
Anthony M. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Spherical Cap ◽  
Present Measurement ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Hydrophilic Surfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A mass-area method is proposed to overcome problems in the measurement of the equilibrium contact angles for rough and hydrophilic surfaces. A goniometer usually measures the contact angle at the top plane of a rough surface, not the contact line of the solid-liquid interface. The present method estimates the contact angle indirectly from the volume of the liquid and the size of the contact area, assuming a spherical cap and consistent with a minimization of the free energy. The present method shows a roughly linear relationship with measurements by a goniometer for smooth surfaces of various solid materials with various liquids, but the goniometer measurements are smaller. An example test and the error of the present measurement method are presented and discussed.

Metastable Nanobubbles at the Solid–Liquid Interface Due to Contact Angle Hysteresis

Langmuir ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishiyama ◽  
Yutaka Yamada ◽  
Tatsuya Ikuta ◽  
Koji Takahashi ◽  
Yasuyuki Takata
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Polar effects at solid/liquid interfaces

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Lowe ◽  
A. C. Riddiford
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Advancing Contact Angle ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Glass Surfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid

Studies of the advancing contact angle of water upon several alkylchlorosilaned glass surfaces at 22 °C lead to the view that, at zero or very low interfacial velocities, the free energy per unit area of the solid/liquid interface is governed by both dispersive and polar forces. At higher velocities, the polar forces may be neglected.

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