Metal-Induced Nickel Silicide Nanowire Growth Mechanism in the Solid State Reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joondong Kim ◽  
Jong-Uk Bae ◽  
Wayne A. Anderson ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kim ◽  
Ki-Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Nickel Silicide ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Nanowire Growth ◽  
Silicide Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Deposited Metal

AbstractA unique nanowire growth was accomplished at 575 oC by the metal-induced growth (MIG). That is a spontaneous reaction between metal and Si. The deposited metal worked as a catalyst layer to grow nanowire in the solid-state. Various metals (Ni, Co, and Pd) were used in MIG nanowire fabrication and Ni-induced case was successful in demonstrating that metal species should be a dominant mover in nanowire growth. Transmission electron microscopy investigation was performed to observe the nanowire growth direction. The Ni to Si composition was studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy showing the Ni diffusion inside the nanowire as well as the Ni silicide layer. The practical application MIG nanowire was proven by fabricating nanoscale contacts.

Solid-state growth of nickel silicide nanowire by the metal-induced growth method

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2936-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joondong Kim ◽  
Jong-Uk Bae ◽  
Wayne A. Anderson ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kim ◽  
Ki-Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Nickel Silicide ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Silicide Layer ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Metal Induced Growth ◽  
State Growth

Unique nanowire growth was accomplished at 575 °C by the metal-induced growth (MIG) method. This involved a spontaneous reaction between metal and Si. The deposited metal worked as a catalyst layer to grow nanowires in the solid state. Various metals (Ni, Co, and Pd) were used in MIG nanowire fabrication, and the Ni-induced case was successful in demonstrating that metal species should be the dominant factor for growing nanowires. The Ni to Si composition was studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy showing the Ni diffusion inside the nanowire as well as the Ni silicide layer. The practical application of the MIG nanowire was proved by fabricating nanoscale contacts.

scholarly journals Post-nucleation evolution of the liquid-solid interface in nanowire growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina B Maliakkal ◽  
Daniel Jacobsson ◽  
Marcus Ulf Tornberg ◽  
Kimberly Dick
Keyword(s):  
Interface Energy ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Nanowire Growth ◽  
Catalyst Droplet ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gaas Nanowires ◽  
Amorphous Substrates ◽  
First Time

Abstract We study using in situ transmission electron microscopy the birth of GaAs nanowires from liquid Au-Ga catalysts on amorphous substrates. Lattice-resolved observations of the starting stages of growth are reported here for the first time. It reveals how the initial nanostructure evolves into a nanowire growing in a zincblende <111> or the equivalent wurtzite <0001> direction. This growth direction(s) is what is typically observed in most III-V and II-VI nanowires. However, the reason for this preferential nanowire growth along this direction is still a dilemma. Based on the videos recorded shortly after the nucleation of nanowires, we argue that the lower catalyst droplet-nanowire interface energy of the {111} facet when zincblende (or the equivalent {0001} facet in wurtzite) is the reason for this direction selectivity in nanowires.

A Novel TEM Technique for Characterizing As-Grown CVD Diamond Films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 956-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang ◽  
J. Bentley ◽  
R.E. Clausing ◽  
L. Heatherly ◽  
L.L. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Microstructural studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) usually involve tedious specimen preparation. This process has been avoided with a technique that is described in this paper. For the first time, thick as-grown diamond films have been examined directly in a conventional TEM without thinning. With this technique, the important microstructures near the growth surface have been characterized. An as-grown diamond film was fractured on a plane containing the growth direction. It took about 5 min to prepare a sample. For TEM examination, the film was tilted about 30-45° (see Fig. 1). Microstructures of the diamond grains on the top edge of the growth face can be characterized directly by transmitted electron bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) images and diffraction patterns.

Current Status of Solid-State X-Ray Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Martin Peckerar ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Charge ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Solid state x-ray sensing systems have been used for many years in conjunction with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Such systems conveniently provide users with elemental area maps and quantitative chemical analyses of samples. Improvements on these tools are currently sought in the following areas: sensitivity at longer and shorter x-ray wavelengths and minimization of noise-broadening of spectral lines. In this paper, we review basic limitations and recent advances in each of these areas. Throughout the review, we emphasize the systems nature of the problem. That is. limitations exist not only in the sensor elements but also in the preamplifier/amplifier chain and in the interfaces between these components.Solid state x-ray sensors usually function by way of incident photons creating electron-hole pairs in semiconductor material. This radiation-produced mobile charge is swept into external circuitry by electric fields in the semiconductor bulk.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of an Aluminum-Silver-Stainless Steel Solid State Bond

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
M. J. Carr ◽  
J. F. Shewbridge ◽  
T. O. Wilford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Dimensional Control ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Time

Strong solid state bonds are routinely produced between physical vapor deposited (PVD) silver coatings deposited on sputter cleaned surfaces of two dissimilar metal parts. The low temperature (200°C) and short time (10 min) used in the bonding cycle are advantageous from the standpoint of productivity and dimensional control. These conditions unfortunately produce no microstructural changes at or near the interface that are detectable by optical, SEM, or microprobe examination. Microstructural problems arising at these interfaces could therefore easily go undetected by these techniques. TEM analysis has not been previously applied to this problem because of the difficulty in specimen preparation. The purpose of this paper is to describe our technique for preparing specimens from solid state bonds and to present our initial observations of the microstructural details of such bonds.

Observation of solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
J. R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Alumina Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Optical Applications

Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate. Systems containing Y2O3 (yttria) and Al2O3 (alumina) are seen in many technologically relevant applications. For example, yttria is being explored as a coating material for alumina fibers for metal-ceramic composites. The coating serves as a diffusion barrier and protects the alumina fiber from reacting with the metal matrix. With sufficient time and temperature, yttria in contact with alumina will react to form one or a combination of phases shown by the phase diagram in Figure l. Of the reaction phases, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is used as a material for lasers and other optical applications. In a different application, YAG is formed as a secondary phase in the sintering of AIN. Yttria is added to AIN as a sintering aid and acts as an oxygen getter by reacting with the alumina in AIN to form YAG.

scholarly journals Understanding the local structure of disordered carbons from cellulose and lignin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Meng ◽  
Cristian I. Contescu ◽  
Peizhi Liu ◽  
Siqun Wang ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Graphite Sheet ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Disordered Carbon ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Softwood Kraft Lignin

AbstractAn electron microscopy investigation was performed to understand the relationship between the microstructure and properties of carbonized cellulose and lignin (softwood kraft lignin) relative to the structure of the original biomass components. Structure details at micro- and molecular levels were investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Atomic-resolution images revealed the presence of random disordered carbon in carbonized cellulose (C-CNC) and of large domains of well-ordered carbon with graphite sheet structure in carbonized lignin (C-Lignin). These structural differences explain why C-CNC exhibits higher surface area and porosity than C-Lignin. The presence of certain well-ordered carbon in carbonized lignin indicates some of the carbon in lignin are graphitized with heat treatment temperature up to 950 °C. This result is encouraging for future endeavors of attaining acceptable modulus of carbon fiber from lignin given suitable modifications to the chemistry and structure of lignin. The results of this research contribute to an improved understanding of the carbonization mechanism of the key cellulose and lignin components of biomass materials.

scholarly journals A New Nanocomposite Packaging Based on LASiS-Generated AgNPs for the Preservation of Apple Juice

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Sportelli ◽  
Antonio Ancona ◽  
Annalisa Volpe ◽  
Caterina Gaudiuso ◽  
Valentina Lavicita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Bulk Chemical

Designing bioactive materials, with controlled metal ion release, exerting a significant biological action and associated to low toxicity for humans, is nowadays one of the most important challenges for our community. The most looked-for nanoantimicrobials are capable of releasing metal species with defined kinetic profiles, either by slowing down or inhibiting bacterial growth and pathogenic microorganism diffusion. In this study, laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) has been used to produce bioactive Ag-based nanocolloids, in isopropyl alcohol, which can be used as water-insoluble nano-reservoirs in composite materials like poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the chemical state of pristine polymer and final composite material, thus providing useful information about synthesis processes, as well as storage and processing conditions. Transmission electron microscopy was exploited to study the morphology of nano-colloids, along with UV-Vis for bulk chemical characterization, highlighting the presence of spheroidal particles with average diameter around 12 nm. Electro-thermal atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate metal ion release from Ag-modified products, showing a maximum release around 60 ppb, which ensures an efficient antimicrobial activity, being much lower than what recommended by health institutions. Analytical spectroscopy results were matched with bioactivity tests carried out on target microorganisms of food spoilage.

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