Patterning of Hard Coatings for Incorporation of Solid Lubricant Microreservoirs

2007 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan G Guleryuz ◽  
James Krzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Conventional Photolithography ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Test ◽  
Microscopy Examination

ABSTRACTHard coatings containing microscopic reservoirs for solid lubricant storage have the potential to advance the development of dry, self-lubricating coatings. In the present study we have investigated several methods for fabricating hard coatings that incorporate microscopic reservoirs. These methods all involve the use of placeholders on the substrate surface that are later removed after deposition of the hard coating. One method uses a solution containing ceramic beads, while the second method uses conventional photolithography methods. Coatings using both of these methods were fabricated using TiN as the hard coating. The effectiveness of the microreservoirs for solid lubricant storage was examined by conducting pin-on-disk test using various solid lubricants, including graphite and indium. The performance of coatings with random arrangements of microreservoirs was scattered while samples with the ordered arrangements of microreservoirs all performed well. Optical microscopy examination of the wear tracks showed the microreservoirs were generally successful at trapping the graphite lubricant during wear. With a sufficient density and appropriate distribution of the microreservoirs, the significant improvements in tribological performance can be realized.

Tribological Characteristics Modification of Magnetorheological Fluid

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul Hee Lee ◽  
Deuk Won Lee ◽  
Jae Young Choi ◽  
Seung Bok Choi ◽  
Won Oh Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Oxidation Induction Time ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Linear Oscillation ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Test

Recently, research on the application of magnetorheological (MR) fluid in mechanical engineering has been widely expanded, while the performance of MR fluid in tribology has also been investigated. In this study, a modification of MR fluid, which is modified by adding certain additives, is attempted to improve tribological performance. After modification, wear and friction are measured by four-ball wear tester and linear-oscillation (SRV) tester under no magnetic fields. Subsequently, the oxidation induction time (OIT) is evaluated by pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). Then, to observe the tribological performance under magnetic fields, pin-on-disk test is conducted to confirm the effects of the commercial MR fluid and modified MR fluid on friction and wear in different operating and magnetic conditions. Also, the modification effects on surface roughness are investigated by using a profilometer. Moreover, the microscopic changes of surfaces and MR particles are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Electron Level ◽  
Intrinsic Nature

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

Improved Wear Performance by the Incorporation of Solid Lubricants During Thermal Spraying

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Marple ◽  
J. Voyer
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Minimum Wear

Abstract For components that are required to function in sliding or rubbing contact with other parts, degradation often occurs through wear due to friction between the two contacting surfaces. Depending on the nature of the materials being used, the addition of water as a lubricant may introduce corrosion and accelerate the degradation process. To improve the performance and increase the life of these components, coatings may be applied to the regions subject to the greatest wear. These coatings may be engineered to provide internal pockets of solid lubricant in order to improve the tribological performance. In the present study, coatings containing a solid lubricant were produced by thermal spraying feedstock powders consisting of a blend of tungsten carbide-metal and a fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer-based material. The volume content of this Teflon-based material in the feedstock ranged from 3.5 to 36%. These feedstocks were deposited using a high velocity oxy-fuel system to produce coatings having a level of porosity below 2%. Sliding wear tests in which coated rotors were tested in contact with stationary carbon-graphite disks identified an optimum level of Teflon-based material in the feedstock formulation required to produce coatings exhibiting minimum wear. This optimum level was in the range of 7-17% by volume and depended on the composition of the cermet constituent. Reductions in mass loss for the couples on the order of 50% (an improvement in performance by a factor of approximately two) were obtained for the best-performing compositions, as compared to couples m which the coating contained no solid lubricant.

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electron Level

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per set process conditions where they worked differently to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the already appropriately landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms come nearly at their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions depending on the source-behavior of their ejecting or dissociating associated to employed technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep their structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

Superlow Friction of WS2 Coatings in Ultrahigh Vacuum at Low Temperature

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Iwaki ◽  
Thierry Le Mogne ◽  
Julien Fontaine ◽  
Jean-Michel Martin ◽  
Shuichiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Friction Test ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Pin On Disk

Today molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the most commonly used solid lubricant for vacuum applications. Its good tribological performance is considered to be due to its lamellar structure. Coefficient of friction in the millirange (so-called “superlow friction” or “superlubricity”) has already been observed in ultrahigh vacuum at ambient temperaturure for pure and stoichiometric MoS2 coatings. On the other hand, tungsten disulfide (WS2) is also a solid lubricant which has a lamellar structure and works as well as MoS2 in vacuum. However, it is not widely used nor well studied due to its high cost, and until today there is no report of the achievement of the superlow friction in vacuum. In the present work, we report the superlow friction of WS2 coatings obtained in ultrahigh vacuum and at low temperature. Pin-on-disk reciprocating friction test for RF sputtered WS2 coatings on silicon substrates mated against counterpart steel (AISI 52100) pins were conducted in ultrahigh vacuum (3×10−7 Pa) at temperatures ranging from −130 to +200°C. The origin of this superlow friction was discussed.

scholarly journals Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Process Conditions

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the appropriately already landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms nearly incorporated in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface in the deposition chamber of certain energy source-based technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep the structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

scholarly journals Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Process Conditions

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop with significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors under recovering of certain transition state provide the provision for electrons (of outer ring) belonging to gas atoms to undertake another clamp of energy knot, in each case, clamping to unfilled states (of outer ring) belonging to solid atoms. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force exerting at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force exerting at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the landed atom where the position of nitrogen atoms (dealing double clamping of their electrons) becomes nearly in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface positioned in the deposition chamber. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different nature atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep them adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of films and coatings but also in the diversified class of materials, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

scholarly journals Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Electron Level ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
The Difference

Coating of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate is of great interest to the scientific community. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms when their force-energy behaviors in certain transition states provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gas atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. In TiN coating, Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of ejecting or dissociating of solid-natured atoms from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.

Ion-Assisted Adhesion Treatments for MoS2-Metal Alloy Solid Lubricating Coatings

2002 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Savan ◽  
Vladislav Spassov ◽  
Yvonne Gerbig ◽  
Henry Haefke ◽  
Frans Munnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Adhesion Layer ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Functional Layer ◽  
Sputter Etching

ABSTRACTAdhesion layers are well-known to significantly improve the lifetime of MoS2-based solid lubricants. Typically, adhesion layers are “optimized” based on a phenomenological tests and then their deposition parameters are held fixed while the functional coating is studied. Here we examine the adhesion layer itself, while holding an MoS2 layer constant. In particular, the critical interfaces between the adhesion layer and the substrate, and between the adhesion layer and functional coating are regarded. MoS2-metal solid lubricant is chosen as the functional layer because it is a relatively brittle material whose performance is significantly affected by the quality and type of adhesion treatments. Substrate surface sputter cleaning was done by cathodic arc evaporation with different arc energies and substrate bias voltages. In addition to sputter etching of any surface oxides or other contaminants, some level of shallow implantation might be expected. The more usual surface preparation technique of argon plasma sputter etching was also used for comparison. Chromium and titanium were tested as adhesion layer materials. The adhesion layer thickness and deposition pressure were varied. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the adhesion layers and their interfaces with the substrates and with the MoS2-metal coatings. Ballon-disk tribometer sliding wear tests were made to assess changes in solid lubricant performance coming from variations in the adhesion layer. Scratch test characterizations were made to further evaluate adhesion layer performance.

scholarly journals Towards developing robust solid lubricant operable in multifarious environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya V. Ayyagari ◽  
Kalyan C. Mutyala ◽  
Anirudha V. Sumant
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Humid Atmosphere ◽  
Wear Friction ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Sliding Test

Abstract Conventional solid lubricants such as MoS2, graphite, or diamond-like carbon films demonstrate excellent tribological performance but only in specific environments due to their inherent materials properties. This limitation prohibits using these solid lubricants in environments that change dynamically. This study presents the results of a novel solid lubricant that was developed using a combination of solution-processed 2D-molybdenum disulfide and graphene-oxide (GO) that can be deposited on to stainless steel substrates using a simple spray-coating technique and show exceptional performance in multifarious environments namely, ambient (humid) atmosphere, dry nitrogen, and vacuum. The tribological performance of the coatings was evaluated using a ball-on-disc sliding test and demonstrated an excellent wear/friction performance in all environments and coating survived even after 44 km of linear sliding. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the tribolayers suggested in-operando friction-induced re-orientation of MoS2 layers that were protected by GO layers and, an absence of MoOx peaks indicate a strong resistance to intercalation with moisture and oxygen. The simplicity and robustness of the hybrid MoS2–GO solid lubricant in mitigating wear-friction behavior of steel-on-steel tribopair in a multifarious environment is a game-changing and is promising for various applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document