Reduction of Excess Self-Interstitials in Silicon by Germanium and Silicon Implantation-Induced Damage

1989 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Implantation Damage ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
Silicon Implantation

AbstractWe have investigated a phenomena first reported by Pfiester and Griffin, that the presence of implanted Ge in Si can substantially reduce excess self-interstitial concentrations [ J. R. Pfiester and P. B. Griffin, Appl. Phys. Lett., 52, 471 (1988) ]. By studying the effects of Ge implantation on P diffusion, we are able to deduce that residual implantation damage can act as an efficient sink for self-interstitials. This effect can also be produced by Si self-implantation, demonstrating that there is nothing unique about the chemical indentity of Ge in reducing self-interstitial concentrations. Our experiments provide solid evidence that there is no unexpectedly strong interaction of Ge with self-interstitials, a situation that would undermine the validity of previous Ge diffusion experiments aimed at studying Si self-diffusion. Our experimental results show that the effect of Ge implantation on P diffusion is a complicated function of implantation conditions. Diffusion is affected by the order of thl P and Ge implants as well as by changes in implant energies and doses.

IDENTIFY OF THE MICRO-DEFECTS IN SEMI-INSULATING GaAs

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4484-4486
Author(s):  
YUESHENG XU ◽  
CHUNLING ZHANG ◽  
LEI TANG ◽  
CAICHI LIU ◽  
JINGCHEN HAO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Koh Etching ◽  
Scanning Electron

The micro-defects in semi-insulating gallium arsenide (SI-GaAs) were investigated by means of chemical etching (ultrasonic aided Abtahams-Buiocchi etching, melting KOH etching), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that the micro-defects in SI-GaAs are micro-precipitates of As with the size of microns. Micro-defects and dislocations have strong interaction, dislocations absorb the micro-defects and micro-defects decorate on the dislocations.

Mechanism of Cr Diffusion in GaAs

1991 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu ◽  
T. Y. Tan ◽  
U. Gösele
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dissociative Mechanism ◽  
Interstitial Diffusion ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Self Diffusion Coefficient

ABSTRACTDiffusion of substitutional Cr atoms (Crs) in GaAs results from the rapid migration of interstitial Cr atoms (Cri) and their subsequent changeover to occupy Ga sites (or vise versa), a typical substitutional-interstitial diffusion (SID) process. There are two possible ways for the Cri-Crs changeover to occur: the kick-out mechanism in which Ga self-interstitials are involved, and the dissociative mechanism in which Ga vacancies are involved. The Crs indiffusion profiles are of characteristic shapes indicating the dominance of the kick-out mechanism, while the Crs outdiffusion profiles are error-function shaped, indicating the dominance of the dissociative mechanism. In this study, an integrated SID mechanism, which takes into account the effects of both the kick-out and dissociative mechanisms, is used to analyze Cr diffusion results. Going beyond just qualitative consistency, the Cr in- and outdiffusion features in GaAs are explained on a quantitative basis. In this model the kick-out mechanism dominates Cr indiffusion while the dissociative mechanism dominates Cr outdiffusion. Parameters used to fit existing experimental results provided quantitative information on the Ga self-interstitial contribution to the Ga self-diffusion coefficient.

Self-diffusion of polystyrene in solution 1. Experimental results of the NMR pulsed field gradient technique

1988 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fleischer ◽  
O. E. Zgadzai ◽  
V. D. Skirda ◽  
A. I. Maklakov
Keyword(s):  
Field Gradient ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Gradient Technique

Quantum Chromodynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Michael E. Peskin
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Abelian Gauge

This chapter introduces non-Abelian gauge symmetry and the associated field equations for spin-1 particles. It proposes the gauge theory Quantum Chromodynamics as the theory of the strong interaction. It describes the property of asymptotic freedom, which explains a number of mysteries in the experimental results shown in the previous three chapters.

CONSERVATION LAWS AND VECTOR MODEL OF PARTICLES

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
UNG CHAN TSAN
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Weak Interaction ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Abstract Space ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
The Difference

Any particle is defined by a set of additive quantum numbers: A, L, individual flavours. These numbers could be considered as the components of a vector C which is characteristic of each particle. Each particle is associated to a vector C representing the particle in an abstract space. The electric charge Q could be interpreted as the projection of C on a vector Q(0). If C=0, particle and antiparticle are the same particle. If C≠0, particle and antiparticle are represented by opposite vectors and are different even if Q=0. In this framework, the neutron is different from the antineutron (many experimental facts confirm this statement) and the neutrino is different from the antineutrino. A direct and important consequence of the difference between the neutrino and the antineutrino is that ββ0ν decay should be strictly forbidden. It is indeed in agreement with all up to now experimental results which show no hint of any ββ0ν event. The features of messengers would explain why electromagnetism and strong interaction conserve A, L and individual flavours and consequently also total flavour while weak interaction conserves only A, L and total flavour.

scholarly journals Nonaccelerator study of the residual nuclear strong interaction

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Value Range

The present status and recent developments in the nonaccelerator study of residual strong nuclear interaction in solids are briefly reviewed. The emphasis is on new experimental results and they interpretation which were not available in earlier reviews. Artificial activation of the strong interaction by adding of one neutron to the nucleus causes the global reconstruction of the macroscopic characteristics of solids. The experimental evidence of macroscopic manifestation of the strong interaction in optical spectra of solids which is different by term of one neutron from each other (using LiD crystals instead of LiH) has been presented. This evidence is directly seen from luminescence (reflection) and scattering spectra. As far as the gravitation, electromagnetic and weak interactions are the same in both of kind crystals, it only emerges the strong interaction in deuterium nucleus. Therefore a sole conclusion is made that the renormalization of the energy of electromagnetic excitations (electrons, excitons, phonons) is carried out by the strong nuclear interaction. There is a common place in Standard Model of modern physics that the strong nuclear force does not act on leptons. Our experimental results show the violation of this strong conclusion. Moreover, observation of the isotopic shift phononless line in the photoluminescence (reflection) spectra of the whole series of LiHx D1-x mixed crystals is permit to construct change of the strong interaction coupling, α_{s}, in the wide value range. The necessity to take into account the more close relation between quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics is underlined. In the first step the quantum electrodynamics should be taken into account the strong interaction at the description of elementary excitations (electrons, excitons, phonons) dynamics in solids. Our experimental results open a new avenue in the investigation of the hadron - lepton interaction via study the low - temperature characteristics (reflection, photoluminescence) of solids and may shed light on a number of fundamental puzzles in modern physics, particularly on the unification of forces

Shape-controlled synthesis for silver: Triangular/hexagonal nanoplates, chain-like nanoplate assemblies, and nanobelts

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2200-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Xiujian Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhi Li ◽  
Xiaotao Sui
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Hexagonal Nanoplates

Individual triangular/hexagonal nanoplates, chain-like nanoplate assemblies, and nanobelts in the case of silver were selectively synthesized using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). The molar ratio of AgNO3/PVP, concentration of AgNO3, temperature, and process time were crucial factors in determining the morphologies of the final products. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that the products were favorable to form individual nanoplates because of the strong interaction between PVP and Ag+, and the outline of the nanoplates was controlled by the ratio of AgNO3 and PVP. The formation of novel chain-like nanoplate assemblies could be explained by the secondary growth of the nanocrystals. If the reaction continuously lasted for another 7 h, the chain-like assemblies could transform into nanobelts with width of 40∼100 nm and the length of several micrometers.

An Apparatus for Non Destructive Study of Atom Transport in Liquids

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1472-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Larsson ◽  
L. Broman ◽  
C. Roxbergh ◽  
A. Lodding
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Present Apparatus ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A description is given of a method developed for diffusion and electrotransport measurements in liquids, which permits several successive readings on a sample in uninterrupted anneal. Errors from solidification and sectioning are avoided, and the reproducibility of measured diffusion coefficients is better than two percent. Experimental results are given for gallium self-diffusion. The present apparatus can be conveniently applied to many liquids solidifying below some 280 °C utilizing gamma tracers with energies in the range 0.2 - 2.0 MeV. The design can be modified for higher temperatures.

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