Precise Measurements of Transient Excess Carrier Lifetimes in II-VI Films and Superlattices

1989 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Doggett ◽  
Michael W. Thelander ◽  
J. F. Schetzina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Excess Carrier ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
System A ◽  
Transient Photoconductivity ◽  
Photoconductivity Decay

ABSTRACTA system has been developed for accurately measuring lifetimes for photo-induced excess current carriers in semiconductors using the transient photoconductivity decay method. The specifications of state-of-the-art equipment, considerations peculiar to the capture of fast transient pulses, and sophisticated statistical data analysis techniques are discussed. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the system (a) to measure lifetimes in the 40-ns - 75-µs range for temperatures varying from 77K to 300K with 10% accuracy for single lifetime decays and 30% accuracy for individual effective lifetimes in a multi-component decay, and (b) to use a 300-ns lifetime photoconductor as a detector to measure nanosecond-time-scale structure of laser pulses. The predominant excess carrier lifetimes of HgCdTe samples grown at NCSU by photoassisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) ranged from 46 ns at 300K to 341 ns at 77K. CdTe samples and CdMnTe-CdTe superlattices exhibited a multi-component decay with the two longest components having effective lifetimes of 26 µs and 4 µs for CdTe and 75 µs and 10 µs for CdMnTe-CdTe. These values were relatively insensitive to temperature variation.

scholarly journals Hubungan Integritas Guru PAK Dalam Melaksanakan Tugas dan Tanggungjawab Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Andrianus Nababan ◽  
Warseto Freddy Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interest And Motivation

This study aims to determine the relationship and magnitude of Christian religious teacher’s integrity in carrying out their duties and responsibilities to students of SMP Negeri 2 Lintongnihuta. The number of samples here was 129 students. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire using descriptive analysis. The results showed that there was an effect of Christian religious teacher integrity in carrying out duties and responsibilities to students. This research was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis techniques with the following steps: (1) The relationship test found that rcount r table was 0.621 0.349. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between the Integrity of Christian religious Teachers with Duties and Responsibilities, (2) The significant test of the relationship shows that tcount t table is 4.338 2.042. Based on the results of this study, teachers of religious education must have integrity that greatly influences a person in carrying out their duties and responsibilities regularly, consistently, honestly, in accordance with the professional ethics code for Christian religious teachers. As result, student interest and motivation will increase. 

Domain Structure and Transient Photoconductivity in Ordered Ga0.47In0.53As Epitaxial Films

1996 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Ahrenkiel ◽  
R. K. Ahrenkiel ◽  
D. J. Arent
Keyword(s):  
Domain Structure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Film Plane ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
Transient Photoconductivity ◽  
Photoconductivity Decay ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractWe examine the influences of spontaneous atomic ordering and the associated subvariant domain structure on the transient photoconductivity in epitaxial Ga0.47In0.53As films grown by MOCVD on InP 2°-<110>. Ultra-high frequency photoconductivity decay is used to measure carrier lifetimes in ordered and disordered material following excitation with a YAG laser. Ordered material shows an extended lifetime of 18–186 gis that decreases with incident power. Strongly ordered material showed two CuPt-B subvariants in TEM diffraction patterns and images. Ordering in the first 0.5 μm of growth consists of a fine, interwoven structure with the subvariants closely associated. The subvariants then segregate into imperfectly ordered columnar superdomains that form a mosaic in the film plane with numerous order/order interfaces. In addition, order/disorder interfaces form within and adjacent to the partially ordered superdomains. We attribute the extended transient photoconductivity lifetime in ordered samples to trapping effects that result from the subvariant domain structure.

Excess Carrier Lifetimes in a Bulk p-Type SiC Wafer Measured by the Microwave Photoconductivity Decay Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 556-557 ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Kawai ◽  
Tatsuhiro Mori ◽  
Masashi Kato ◽  
Masaya Ichimura ◽  
Shingo Sumie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Minority Carrier ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Excess Carrier ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
Photoconductivity Decay ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
P Type ◽  
Sic Wafer

We carried out mapping of the excess carrier lifetime for a bulk p-type 4H-SiC wafer by the microwave photoconductivity decay (μ-PCD) method, and we compared the lifetime map with structural defect distribution. Several small regions with short lifetimes compared with surrounding parts are found, and they correspond to regions with high-density structural defects. Excess carrier decay curves for this wafer show a slow component, which originates from minority carrier traps. From temperature dependence of the excess carrier decay curve, we found decrease of the time constant of the slow component with increasing temperature. We compared the activation energy of the time constant with that obtained from the numerical simulation, and concluded that the energy level for the minority carrier trap would be 125 meV from the conduction band.

Excess Carrier Lifetimes in a Bulk p-Type SiC Wafer Measured by the Microwave Photoconductivity Decay Method

2007 ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Masahiko Kawai ◽  
Tatsuhiro Mori ◽  
Masashi Kato ◽  
Masaya Ichimura ◽  
Shingo Sumie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excess Carrier ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
Photoconductivity Decay ◽  
P Type ◽  
Sic Wafer

Correlation between Strain and Excess Carrier Lifetime in a 3C-SiC Wafer

2012 ◽  
Vol 717-720 ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yoshida ◽  
Masashi Kato ◽  
Masaya Ichimura
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Excess Carrier ◽  
Carrier Lifetimes ◽  
Photoconductivity Decay ◽  
Sic Wafer

We obtained excess carrier lifetime maps by the microwave photoconductivity decay (µ-PCD) method in a free-standing n-type 3C-SiC wafer, and then we compared the lifetime maps with distributions of strains and defects observed by the optical microscopy and the Raman spectroscopy. We found that the excess carrier lifetimes are short in a strained region in 3C-SiC, which indicates that structural defects exist around a strained region.

FA’ALIYATU TADRIS AL-LUGAH AL-‘ARABIYAH FI AL-KITAB “MODUL HIKMAH” FI AL-SHAFFI AL-‘ASYIRI LI AL-MADRASAH AL-TSANAWIYYAH AL-ISLAMIYYAH AL-HUKUMIYYAH PAKEM SLEMAN BI YOGYAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 127-154
Author(s):  
Mohd. Fikri Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Right

This study aims to determine the method of teaching Arabic by using the book "Wisdom Module" in the success of reading skills at MAN Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta and to find out the extent of the effectiveness of Arabic teaching by using the book "Module Wisdom" in the success of reading skills at MAN Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. The results of this study are expected to be a scientific paper that is able to enrich insights about learning Arabic, especially insights for teachers to choose the right method, especially adjusting the ability of students in learning. This type of research is Field Research (field research) by taking a location in MAN Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. Data collection is done by using methods of observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are performed using non-statistical data analysis or descriptive data analysis. The results showed that: 1 method used by teachers in teaching Arabic is the method of memorization, reading, examinations, and question and answer. And the Al-Qiroah Method used by the teacher is divided into two, 1. Silent reading, 2. Hard reading. 2. The effectiveness of teaching Arabic by using the book "Wisdom Module" has been effective, and get high results and Arabic exam results (excellent reading) "very good". Can be proven the results of class 10, namely: 83.82 and this is in accordance with Suharsimi Arikunto in his book that is 80-100 and very good interview with Ustad Muhammad Rosid that students are already interested in reading Arabic texts in the book "Wisdom Module" and this very good, and he also said that the use of the book "Wisdom Module" is very effective than the use of books from school.   التجريد  يهدف البحث لمعرفة طريقة  تدريس اللغة العربية  فى الكتاب "مودل حكمة" فى نجاح مهارة القراءة للمدرسة ا الثانوية  الإسلامية  الحكومية فاكم سليمان بيوكياكرتا. لمعرفة فعالية التدريس اللغة العربية فى الكتاب "مودل حكمة" فى نجاح مهارة القراءة للمدرسة  الثانوية  الإسلامية  الحكومية  فاكم سليمان بيوكياكرتا. والمرجو من نتائج هذا البحث  أن يكون بحثا عمليا يزيد علي معرفة  فى تعليم اللغة العربية و خصوصا فى اختيار المناهج المناسبة  و الموافقة بمهارة الطلاب فى اللغة العربية. هذا البحث  بحث ميداني فى المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية  الحكومية  فاكم سليمان  بيوكياكرتا. وطرق جمع البيانات هي طريقة المراقبة, والمقابلة, وطريقة الوثائق و الإستفتاء. وطريقة تحليل البيانات بطريقة  تحليل البيانات غير إحصائية  أو الوصفي. دلت نتيجة هذا البحث : 1.  أن طريقة التى استخدمه المعلّم يعنى طريقة الحفظ, وطريقة القراءة,و طريقة الإختبار,  وطريقة التساؤلات. وتنقسم طريقة القراءة التى استحدمه المعلّم إلى قسمين: 1(. القراءة الصامتة , 2. القراءة الجهرية). 2. فعالية تدريس اللغة العربية فى الكتاب "مودول الحكمة"  فعّال,  وتؤدى إلى نتيجة عالية وحصول الإختبار اللغة العربية  "جيد جدا" ودليل علي أن نتيجة من الصف العاشر 84,82 وهذا مناسب مع سوحارسم أريكونتو فى كتبه يعنى 80-100  "جيد جدا".والمقابلة مع الأستاذ محمد رشيد أن أكثر الطلاب قد مهرو فى قراءة النصوص اللغة العربية فى الكتاب "مودول الحكمة", وهذا أحسن. وقال أيضا أن استخدام الكتاب "مودول الحكمة" أشد فعلا  من استخدام كتاب اللغة العربية من المدرسة. الكلمة الر ئيسية  : فعالية تدريس اللغة العربية، الكتاب "مودول حكمة" , مهارة القراءة

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Ira Irviana ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Very High

Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran hasil belajar matematika murid SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar; (2) mengetahui gambaran penerapan pendekatan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas IV SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar; (3) mengetahui pengaruh penerapan pendekatan kontekstual terhadap hasil belajar matematika murid di SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar tahun 2017, sampel penelitian yaitu murid kelas IV SD Inpres BTN IKIP I Makassar. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes hasil belajar matematika dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) Hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas IV SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar sebelum penerapan pendekatan kontekstual berada pada kategori sangat rendah, setelah penerapan pendekatan kontekstual berada pada kategori sangat tinggi. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol berada pada kategori sangat rendah ke kategori rendah; (2) penerapan pendekatan kontekstual pada umumnya terlaksana dengan baik berdasarkan hasil dan pelaksanaannya. (3) penerapan pendekatan kontekstual berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran matematika siswa kelas IV SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar.ABSTRACTThis study aims to (1) find out the picture of mathematics learning results of students of SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar; (2) to know the description of the application of contextual approach in mathematics learning in grade IV of SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar; (3) determine the effect of applying contextual approach to the results of mathematics learning of students at SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar. This research is a type of quasi research experiment. The population in this study was all students at SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar in 2017, a sample of research that is grade 4 students of SD Inpres BTN IKIP I Makassar. Data collection techniques through mathematics study results tests and observation sheets. Descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis techniques. The results showed: (1) Students' learning outcomes in mathematics learning in grade IV of SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar before the application of contextual approaches are in a very low category after the application of contextual approaches are in a very high category. While in the control group is in a very low category to a low category; (2) The application of contextual approach is generally carried out properly based on the results and implementation. (3) The application of contextual approach affects the learning outcomes in mathematics subjects of grade 4 students of SD Inpres BTN IKIP 1 Makassar.

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