Real-Time Investigation of Solid and Liquid State Reactions In Au-Sn/Cu System

1989 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyong Oh ◽  
Igor Y. Khandros ◽  
Janet L. Poetzinger
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Eutectic Temperature ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
In Situ Investigation

AbstractA real-time x-ray analysis technique has been developed and employed for in-situ investigation of solid and liquid state reactions in Au-Sn/Cu system as a function of temperature. Typically, 1 μm eutectic Au-Sn films were deposited on 1.5 μm Cu layers on Si wafers. Phase changes in Au-Sn films on Cu from ambient to above the eutectic temperature have been investigated. Cu diffusion into Au-Sn film above 250 °C resulted in a ternary Au-Sn-Cu compound and raised the melting temperature of the structure to about 325 °C. This affects joining characteristics of the Au-Sn metallization.

scholarly journals In-Situ Imaging of Molten High-Entropy Alloys Using Cold Neutrons

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Derimow ◽  
Louis Santodonato ◽  
Benjamin MacDonald ◽  
Bryan Le ◽  
Enrique Lavernia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Complex Alloy ◽  
Phase Liquid

Real-time neutron imaging was utilized to produce a movie-like series of radiographs for in-situ observation of the remixing of liquid state immiscibility that occurs in equiatomic CoCrCu with the addition of Ni. A previous neutron imaging study demonstrated that liquid state immiscibility can be observed in-situ for the equiatomic CoCrCu alloy. In this follow-up study, equiatomic buttons of CoCrCu were placed alongside small Ni buttons inside an alumina crucible in a high-temperature vacuum furnace. The mass of the Ni buttons was specifically selected such that when melted in the same crucible as the CoCrCu buttons, the overall composition would become equiatomic CoCrCuNi. Neutron imaging was simultaneously carried out to capture 10 radiographs in 20 °C steps from 1000 °C to 1500 °C and back down to 1000 °C. This, in turn, produced a movie-like series of radiographs that allow for the observation of the buttons melting, the transition from immiscible to miscible as Ni is alloyed into the CoCrCu system, and solidification. This novel imaging process showed the phase-separated liquids remixing into a single-phase liquid when Ni dissolves into the melt, which makes this technique crucial for understanding the liquid state behavior of these complex alloy systems. As metals are not transparent to X-ray imaging techniques at this scale, neutron imaging of melting and solidification allows for the observation of liquid state phase changes in real time. Thermodynamic calculations of the isopleth for CoCrCuNix were carried out to compare the observed results to the predictions resulting from the current Thermo-Calc TCHEA3 thermodynamic database. The calculations show a very good agreement with the experimental results, as the calculations indicate that the CoCrCuNix alloy solidifies from a single-phase liquid when x ≥ 0.275, which is close to the nominal concentration of the CoCrCuNi alloy (x = 0.25). The neutron imaging shows that the solidification of CoCrCuNi results from a single-phase liquid. This is evident as no changes in the neutron attenuation were observed during the solidification of the CoCrCuNi alloy.

In-situ Investigation of Bainite Formation with fast X-Ray Diffraction (iXRD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
A. Kopp ◽  
T. Bernthaler ◽  
D. Schmid ◽  
G. Ketzer-Raichle ◽  
G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation

scholarly journals In situ investigation of degradation at organometal halide perovskite surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at realistic water vapour pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (37) ◽  
pp. 5231-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Chun-Ren Ke ◽  
Alex S. Walton ◽  
David J. Lewis ◽  
Aleksander Tedstone ◽  
Paul O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Lead Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Organometal Halide Perovskite ◽  
Methylammonium Lead Iodide

Near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy enables the study of the reaction of in situ-prepared methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite at realistic water vapour pressures for the first time.

scholarly journals In Situ Investigation of the Early-Stage Growth of Nanoporous Alumina

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thérèse Gorisse ◽  
Ludovic Dupré ◽  
Marc Zelsmann ◽  
Alina Vlad ◽  
Alessandro Coati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Alumina Layer ◽  
Nanoporous Alumina ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Low X ◽  
X Ray Absorption

We report the successful use of in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to follow the anodization of aluminum. A dedicated electrochemical cell was designed and developed for this purpose with low X-ray absorption, with the possibility to access all azimuthal angles (360°) and to remotely control the temperature of the electrolyte. Three well-known fabrication techniques of nanoporous alumina, i.e., single, double, and pretextured, were investigated. The differences in the evolution of the scattering images are described and explained. From these measurements, we could determine at which moment the pores start growing even for very short anodization times. Furthermore, we could follow the thickness of the alumina layer as a function of the anodization time by monitoring the period of the Kiessig fringes. This work is aimed at helping to understand the different steps taking place during the anodization of aluminum at the very early stages of nanoporous alumina formation.

scholarly journals In situ observation of phase changes of a silica-supported cobalt catalyst for the Fischer–Tropsch process by the development of a synchrotron-compatible in situ/operando powder X-ray diffraction cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Hoffman ◽  
Joseph A. Singh ◽  
Stacey F. Bent ◽  
Simon R. Bare
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Co Nanoparticles

In situ characterization of catalysts gives direct insight into the working state of the material. Here, the design and performance characteristics of a universal in situ synchrotron-compatible X-ray diffraction cell capable of operation at high temperature and high pressure, 1373 K, and 35 bar, respectively, are reported. Its performance is demonstrated by characterizing a cobalt-based catalyst used in a prototypical high-pressure catalytic reaction, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, using X-ray diffraction. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica were studied in situ during Fischer–Tropsch catalysis using syngas, H2 and CO, at 723 K and 20 bar. Post reaction, the Co nanoparticles were carburized at elevated pressure, demonstrating an increased rate of carburization compared with atmospheric studies.

scholarly journals Real-time in-situ Investigation of III-V Nanowire Growth using Custom-designed Hybrid Chemical Vapor Deposition-TEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1716-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Dick Thelander ◽  
L. Reine Wallenberg ◽  
Axel R. Persson ◽  
Marcus Tornberg ◽  
Daniel Jacobsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nanowire Growth ◽  
In Situ Investigation
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