scholarly journals Surface Energy Compatibilites of Cellulose and Polypropylene

1992 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Quillin ◽  
Daniel F. Caulfield ◽  
James A. Koutsky
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Alkyl Ketene Dimer ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fiber ◽  
Sizing Agents

AbstractIn addition to its use in recycled paper products, recovered lignocellulosic fiber can be used as a reinforcement filler in composites with polyolefins. However, problems in both processing and product performance are often caused by the incompatibilities of surface energies between hydrophilic cellulose and non-polar polyolefin. This poor match in surface polarities is detrimental to strong adhesive bonding between olefin and cellulose. This work examines the effect of surface energy on the adhesion properties of polypropylene and cellulose. In particular, three materials accepted as paper-sizing agents were used to change the cellulosic fiber's surface energy to make it more compatible withthe surface energy of polypropylene.Cellulose fibers were treated by various methods with (1) alkyl ketene dimer, (2) alkenyl succinic anhydride, and (3) stearic acid and were characterized by their surface energies as determined by single fiber wettability measurements using the Wilhelmy technique. These measurements are discussed in detail. Results from these measurments can be related to differences in adhesion between treated cellulose and polypropylene, which can be measured by internal bond tests on hot-pressed composite sheets.Results indicate that the use of sizing agents reduces the acid/base (hydrogen bonding) character of the cellulose surface. Interactions involving hydrogen bonding are important in cellulose/modified-polypropylene composites. Reduction of these interactions appears to lead to a corresponding reduction in adhesion between cellulose and polypropylene.

scholarly journals Application of Atomic Force Microscope to Investigate the Surface Micro-Adhesion Properties of Asphalt

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Ji ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Xugang Zhai ◽  
Haiwei Zou ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Force Curves ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Microscope Probe

The surface energy and bonding coefficient of asphalt are important factors that affect the adhesion performance of asphalt/aggregate. In this study, the micro-bee-like-structure of asphalt and force curves between the microscope-probe and asphalt were measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM). To investigate the influence of asphalt properties on micro-adhesion of asphalt, five types of asphalt were used in four states: original, aged at 163 °C, immersed in water and added anti-stripping agent. The results demonstrate that the surface energy of grade 90 asphalt is greater than that of grade 70 asphalt when oil source is the same and that of modified asphalt is greater than matrix asphalt. The surface energies and bonding coefficients of asphalts decreased after aging and immersion. The surface energies of asphalts were greatly improved by adding anti-stripping agent and the bonding coefficients of the asphalts increased by 5.04–37.14% after adding an anti-stripping agent.

Effects of hydrophobic sizing on paper dry and wet-strength properties: A comparative study between AKD sizing of NBSK handsheets and rosin sizing of CTMP handsheets

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5350-5360
Author(s):  
Antti Korpela ◽  
Aayush Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Jaakko Asikainen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Alkyl Ketene Dimer ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Sizing Agents

Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and rosin sizing are used in papermaking to decrease paper’s tendency to absorb liquid water. Earlier information regarding the effects of internal sizing on paper dry strength is not consistent. In the present laboratory study, AKD sizing of handsheets made from Nordic bleached softwood pulp (NBSK), and rosin sizing of handsheets made from Nordic hardwood chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) were done via an internal sizing method, and by immersing handsheets in aqueous sizing agent dispersion. In the study, AKD sizing had no significant effect on the dry strength of NBSK handsheets. The result corresponds to practical experiences of papermakers. However, both AKD sizing methods resulted in a substantial and long-lasting increase of handsheet wet-strength. Unlike internal AKD sizing of NBSK handsheets, rosin internal sizing of CTMP handsheets resulted in decreased handsheet dry strength. The decrease indicates that, under the conditions present during the experiment, rosin sizing agents interfered with interfiber hydrogen bonding of CTMP fibers. Given that, in practice, no such undesired effects have been commonly linked to rosin sizing, the observed effect may be specific to sheet-making conditions. However, the effect of rosin sizing on strength properties and their variation cannot be ruled out completely.

scholarly journals Effect of Ionizing Beta Radiation on the Strength of Bonded Joints of Polycarbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Jan Navratil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Contact Angle Of Wetting

In this study there was found that ionizing beta radiation increased the strength of bonded joints and improved the adhesion properties of polycarbonate (PC). Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface tension than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance. The measurement results indicated that ionizing beta radiation was a very effective tool for the improvement of adhesive properties and increased the strength of bonded joints of polycarbonate. Bonded surfaces with ionizing beta radiation doses of 0, 33, 66, and 99 kGy were irradiated. The best results were achieved by irradiation at dose of 66 kGy by which the highest surface energy and the highest strength of bonded joints of PC were achieved. The strength of bonded joints after irradiation was increased up to 50 % compared to untreated material. A similar trend was observed even for contact angle of wetting and surface energy.

Strength of Bonded Joints of Linear Low – Density Polyethylene after Radiation Cross – Linking

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Jan Navratil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Contact Angle Of Wetting

In this study there was found that ionizing beta radiation increased the strength of bonded joints and improved the adhesion properties of linear low – density polyethylene (LLDPE). Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface tension than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance. The measurement results indicated that ionizing beta radiation was a very effective tool for the improvement of adhesive properties and increased the strength of bonded joints of linear low – density polyethylene. Bonded surfaces with ionizing beta radiation doses of 0, 66, 132 and 198 kGy were irradiated. The best results were achieved by irradiation at dose of 132 kGy by which the highest surface energy and the highest strength of bonded joints of LLDPE were achieved. The strength of bonded joints after irradiation was increased up to 60 % compared to untreated material. A similar trend was observed even for contact angle of wetting and surface energy.

Influence of Ionizing Beta Radiation on the Surface Energy and Strength of Bonded Joints (at an Elevated Temperature) of Thermoplastic Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Jan Navratil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Bonded Joint

In this study there was found that ionizing beta radiation increased the strength of bonded joints and improved the adhesion properties of polycarbonate (PC). Bonded joints at elevated temperature (60 °C) were tested. Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface energy than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance. The measurement results indicated that ionizing beta radiation was a very effective tool for improvement of adhesive properties and increased the strength of bonded joints of PC at elevated temperature (60 °C). Bonded surfaces with ionizing beta radiation doses of 0, 33, 66, 99, 132, 165 and 198 kGy were irradiated. The best results were achieved by irradiation at doses of 66 kGy by which the highest surface energy and the highest strength of bonded joints of PC were achieved. The strength of bonded joints after irradiation was increased up to 10 % and surface energy up to 30 % compared to untreated material.

Strength of Bonded Joints of Polypropylene after Radiation Cross-Linking

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1167-1170
Author(s):  
Martin Bednarik ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Manas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Jan Navratil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Bonded Joint ◽  
Contact Angle Of Wetting

In this study there was found that ionizing beta radiation increased the strength of bonded joints and improved the adhesion properties of polypropylene (PP). Generally, for the formation of quality bonded joint it is important to wet the adhesive bonding surface well. Wettability is characterized by the contact angle of wetting. The liquid has to have a lower surface tension than the solid in order to be able to wet the solid substance. The measurement results indicated that ionizing beta radiation was a very effective tool for the improvement of adhesive properties and increased the strength of bonded joints of polypropylene. Bonded surfaces with ionizing beta radiation doses of 0, 33, 66 and 99 kGy were irradiated. The best results were achieved by irradiation at dose of 66 kGy by which the highest surface energy and the highest strength of bonded joints of PP were achieved. The strength of bonded joints after irradiation was increased up to 450 % compared to untreated material. A similar trend was observed even for surface energy.

Effect of Plasma Surface Treatment on Surface Energy and Adhesion Properties for Cr Coating on Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 735-741
Author(s):  
Dong-Yong Kim ◽  
Eun-Wook Jeong ◽  
Kwun Nam Hui ◽  
Youngson Choe ◽  
Jung-Ho Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Plasma Surface ◽  
Plasma Surface Treatment ◽  
Cr Coating

scholarly journals Vertical Orientation of Liquid Crystal on 4-n-Alkyloxyphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrene Containing Liquid Crystal Precursor

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Kyutae Seo ◽  
Hyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Surface Energies

We synthesized a series of polystyrene derivatives that were modified with precursors of liquid crystal (LC) molecules, such as 4-ethyloxyphenol (homopolymer PEOP and copolymer PEOP#; # = 20, 40, 60, and 80, where # indicates the molar fraction of 4-ethyloxyphenoxymethyl in the side chain), 4-n-butyloxyphenol (PBOP), 4-n-hexyloxyphenol (PHOP), and 4-n-octyloxyphenol (POOP), via polymer modification reaction to investigate the orientation of LC molecules on polymer films, exhibiting part of the LC molecular structure. LC molecules showed a stable and uniform vertical orientation in LC cells fabricated with polymers that have 4-ethyloxyphenoxymethyl in the range of 40–100 mol%. In addition, similar results were obtained in LC cells fabricated with homopolymers of PEOP, PBOP, PHOP, and POOP. The vertical orientation of LC molecules in LC cells fabricated with polymer films correlated to the surface energy of polymer films. For example, vertical LC orientation was observed when the total surface energies of the polymer films were lower than approximately 43.2 mJ/m2. Good alignment stabilities were observed at 150 °C and 20 J/cm2 of ultraviolet irradiation for LC cells fabricated with PEOP film.

SURFACE ENERGY ENGINEERING OF Cu SURFACE BY STRAIN: FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350054 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. HE ◽  
Y. W. LIU ◽  
W. J. TONG ◽  
J. G. LIN ◽  
X. F. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Energy Engineering

Surface energies of strained Cu surfaces were studied systematically using first-principles methods. Results showed that the strain-stabilization of Cu surface was anisotropic and strongly related to the strain distribution. This strain-induced approach could be used as an effective way to engineer the surface energies of metals.

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