Porcelain on Display Decorative and other Uses of Oriental Porcelain in Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver R. Impey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities

ABSTRACTChinese porcelain began to reach Europe in quantity in the late fifteenth century, Japanese in the mid seventeenth. Apart from a brief interlude in the mid seventeenth century, Chinese porcelain was imported until well into the nineteenth century, Japanese only until the 1740s. This porcelain was at first a rarity, to be mounted in precious-metal mounts or kept in the Cabinet of Curiosities. Soon it was to be displayed as part of the decorative effect in a room, while in some cases it became the decorative effect; the porcelain room. Porcelain was imitated in Europe and not much used until it was cheap enough. As the “China-mania” died, porcelain was kept as part of room decoration, often in the new china cupboards.

Why This Time and Place?

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Revolution

From about the late fifteenth century onwards, literature and learning acquired increased importance for the social position of noble and elite-commoner families in France. One reason is the expansion and rise to prominence of the royal office-holder milieu, which had no exact equivalent in, say, England, where the aristocracy was much smaller than the French nobility and where there was no equivalent of the French system of venality of office. In France, family literature often helped extend across the generations a relationship between two families—that of the literary producer and that of the monarch. From the late Middle Ages, the conditions for family literature were made more favourable by broad social shifts. Although this study focuses mainly on the period from the late fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century, it is likely that the production of works from within families of literary producers thrived especially up to the Revolution.

The Date and Significance of the Imbangala Invasion of Angola

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
African History ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Late Fifteenth

The study of Central African history is still in its infancy. Valuable indications can, however, be obtained by combining the study of oral traditions with that of Portuguese documentary evidence for events taking place near the coasts. It has long been known, for instance, that the overthrow of the powerful Songye rulers of the Luba country indirectly caused long-distance migrations, one of which, that of the Imbangala, came into contact with the Portuguese in Angola. Previous analyses of this migration have suggested that it culminated in the early seventeenth century. In this paper an attempt has been made to show that the Imbangala arrived in Angola much earlier, probably by the mid sixteenth century and certainly before 1575. This date indicates that the Luba invasion of Lunda, which was the direct cause of the migration, probably took place in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Finally, it has been tentatively suggested that the overthrow of Songye rule and the establishment of a new, expansionist Luba empire might have taken place as much as a century earlier, from the fourteenth to the fifteenth century.

III The Letter-Book of Thomas Bentham, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 113-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary O'Day ◽  
Joel Berlatsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
National Library ◽  
Rare Books

The letter-book of Thomas Bentham, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1560–79), is to be found in National Library of Wales MS. 4919D. The volume was purchased in May 1923, being one of some 500 volumes sold by Captain Ivor McClure on his removal from London to Malvern. Mr (later Sir) John Ballinger travelled up to London to examine the library on behalf of the National Library of Wales. Personal letters between the Librarian, Mr Ballinger, and Captain McClure survive for this period but provide no clue as to the origins of the library in general or of this volume in particular. The correspondence, moreover, does not indicate how the sale was made. The National Library of Wales Librarian's Report to the half yearly meeting of the court of Governors, held on 30 October 1923, makes no mention whatsoever of this purchase. It is known that at least three other rare books were bought from the same collection—a seventeenth-century Ethiopia psalter; the Divinae Institutiones of Lactantius (Latin, fifteenth century); and Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones (nineteenth century).

CHINESE DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING BEFORE THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Double Entry

This paper examines the origination and evolution of Chinese double-entry- bookkeeping from the fifteenth century to eighteenth century. It demonstrates that Chinese merchants and bankers invented some types of double-entry spontaneously around the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Several different versions of Chinese double-entry existed and evolved throughout this period to the nineteenth century. Chinese versions of double-entry are similar to Italian-style bookkeeping, although Chinese experience was independent of the dissemination of the Western methods.

Wangara, Akan and Portuguese in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. I. The matter of Bitu

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
Late Fifteenth

In late medieval and early modern times West Africa was one of the principal suppliers of gold to the world bullion market. In this context the Matter of Bitu is one of much importance. Bitu lay on the frontiers of the Malian world and was one of its most flourishing gold marts. So much is clear from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century writings, both African and European. A review of this body of evidence indicates that the gold trade at Bitu was controlled by the Wangara, who played a central role in organizing trade between the Akan goldfields and the towns of the Western Sudan. It is shown that Bitu cannot be other than Bighu (Begho, Bew, etc.), the abandoned Wangara town lying on the northwestern fringes of the Akan forest country, which is known (from excavation) to have flourished in the relevant period. In the late fifteenth century the Portuguese established posts on the southern shores of the Akan country, so challenging the monopolistic position which the Wangara had hitherto enjoyed in the gold trade. The Portuguese sent envoys to Mali, presumably to negotiate trade agreements. The bid was apparently unsuccessful. The struggle for the Akan trade in the sixteenth century between Portuguese and Malian interests will be treated in the second part of this paper.

Passage to India: Jesuit Spiritual Economy between Martyrdom and Profit in the Seventeenth Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines G. Županov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
New Material ◽  
Spiritual Energy ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Spiritual Conquest

Abstract Historians today seem to agree that passions for spices and for acquisition of objects and territories from the late fifteenth century fuelled the “mercantile revolution” on a global scale. This article will argue that spirituality and commercial enterprise worked together to produce material objects, some of exceptional artistry. These artifacts, books, sculptures, paintings, and the attractive narratives written about or around them sparked spiritual enthusiasm wherever they reached their audience and became fundraising tools for further spiritual conquest and for creation of new material objects. In this case, I will trace the career of one particular Jesuit missionary, Marcello Mastrilli, who invented his own life and future martyrdom with a series of printed books and works of art, all marked by Mastrilli’s spiritual energy and his ability to fill the Jesuit purse.

scholarly journals Social Influences on the Typographic Medium in the Reformation and Counter-Reformation Period in Bratislava, the Capital of Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Marta Špániová
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Book Printing ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Town

Over the centuries, the typographic medium and book printing responded to the political, economic, cultural, and social conditions very sensitively. The author deals with social influences on the development of book printing in Bratislava from the fifteenth century when the first printer is documented in the town. She ponders the reasons for the long absence of typographic activities in Bratislava from the late fifteenth century to the early seventeenth century. Paradoxically, the Reformation gave an impetus to the further development of book printing in Bratislava, as a Catholic printing house was established there in direct response to Reformation printing in Hungary. Therefore, the author also examines the conditions of Reformation printing to which the beginnings of publishing activities are tied in the territory of Slovakia. In the second part of the study, she focuses on Catholic Revival literature published in Bratislava in the seventeenth century, which played an important role in implementing Catholic reforms in Hungary.

scholarly journals Annius of Viterbo (1432/7-1502) and the Beginnings of Urban History

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Ingrid D. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Intelligent Analysis ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Late Fifteenth

The late fifteenth-century antiquarian studies of the Dominican friar and forger Annius of Viterbo (1432/7-1502) exerted a remarkable influence on his contemporaries before his unmasking by sixteenth- and seventeenth-century scholars. However, a close examination of his native city, Viterbo, its history, and its topography reveal that Annius based his fantasies on real documents, real ancient artifacts, and a remarkably intelligent analysis of the city’s physical form and architectural history. Furthermore, his works can prove surprisingly illuminating about Viterbo’s real ancient and medieval past.

Introduction: The Ottoman Empire and its Frontiers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. S. PEACOCK
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Stretching across Europe, Asia and Africa for half a millennium bridging the end of the Middle Ages and the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was one of the major forces that forged the modern world. The chapters in this book focus on four key themes: frontier fortifications, the administration of the frontier, frontier society and relations between rulers and ruled, and the economy of the frontier. Through snapshots of aspects of Ottoman frontier policies in such diverse times and places as fifteenth-century Anatolia, seventeenth-century Hungary, nineteenth-century Iraq or twentieth-century Jordan, the book provides a richer picture than hitherto available of how this complex empire coped with the challenge of administering and defending disparate territories in an age of comparatively primitive communications. By way of introduction, this chapter seeks to provide an overview of these four themes in the history of Ottoman frontiers.

Collection of Avâriz and Nüzul Levies in the Ottoman Empire: A Case Study of the Province of Karaman, 1620-1700

Belleten ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (256) ◽  
pp. 897-912
Author(s):  
Süleyman Demi̇rci̇
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Financial Administration

The avariz and nüzul levies were among the most important of the regular sources of government revenue in the Ottoman empire during the seventeenth century, but there has been relatively little study of them. Originating in the late fifteenth century as irregular imposts levied at times of military need, it is clear that by the first quarter of the seventeenth century avariz and nüzul had become virtually annual levies throughout the majority of the Rumelian and Anatolian provinces. This article examines the nature of these levies as seen through collection procedures in the province of Karaman in the period 1620 to 1700, showing how the Ottoman financial administration developed this relatively new and lucrative source of income in a consistent and fair manner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document