Organic-Silica Hybrid Materials Consisting of the Double Four-Ring Silicate Structure as a Building Block

ABSTRACTCopolymerization of the cubic octameric silicate anion (Si8O208-) with dimethyldichlorosilane in 2, 2-dimethoxypropane has yielded organic-silica hybrid materials consisting of the S13O20 structure as a building block. The hybrid materials have shown high surface area by calcination in air. The reaction conditions have been optimized to produce the materials with higher specific surface area. As a result, the hybrid materials with BET surface area of 406 m2 g-1 have been obtained.

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Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

10.2118/207182-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Ayodele ◽

Victoria Ezeagwula ◽

Precious Igbokwubiri

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Surface Area ◽

Carbon Capture ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

High Surface ◽

Research Work ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

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Catalytic Activity of High-Surface-Area Amorphous MgO Obtained from Upsalite

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11111338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1338

Author(s):

Marek Gliński ◽

Ewa M. Iwanek (nee Wilczkowska) ◽

Urszula Ulkowska ◽

Agnieszka Czajka ◽

Zbigniew Kaszkur

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Main Product ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Hydrogenation Reaction ◽

Transfer Hydrogenation ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Transfer Hydrogenation Reaction

The first aim of the research was to synthesize a pure Upsalite, which is an amorphous form of MgCO3, by modifying a procedure described in the literature, so that it would be the precursor of a high-surface, amorphous magnesium oxide. The results indicate that within the studied reaction conditions, the type of alcohol used as the reactant has the most pronounced effect on the yield of reaction. From the two alcohols that led to the highest yield of Upsalite, methanol gave a substantially larger surface area (794 vs. 191 m2 g−1). The optimized synthesis conditions of Upsalite were used to obtain MgO via thermolysis, whose activity in the transfer hydrogenation reaction (THR) from ethanol, 2-propanol and 2-pentanol to various carbonyl compounds was determined. The optimal conditions for the thermolysis were as follows: vacuum, T = 673 K as the final temperature, and a heating rate of 2 deg min−1. The high-surface, amorphous magnesia (SBET = 488 m2 g−1) was found to be a very selective catalyst to 4-t-butylcyclohexanone in THR, which led to a diastereoselectivity of over 94% to the E-isomer of 4-t-butylcyclohexanol for more than 3 h, with conversions of up to 97% with either 2-propanol or 2-pentanol as the hydrogen donor. In the case of acrolein and 2-n-propylacrolein being used as the hydrogen acceptors, the unsaturated alcohol (UOL) was the main product of the reaction, with higher UOL yields noted for ethanol than 2-propanol.

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Synthesis of a high-surface area V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 catalyst and its application in the visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra03866c ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (42) ◽

pp. 24368-24376 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ajay Kumar Adepu ◽

Srinath Goskula ◽

Suman Chirra ◽

Suresh Siliveri ◽

Sripal Reddy Gujjula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Visible Light ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Titanium Silicate ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Synthesized Materials ◽

Visible Light Photocatalytic

In the present study, we synthesized several high-surface area V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 catalysts (vanado titanium silicate, VTS). The synthesized materials are characterized by PXRD, FE-SEM/EDAX, TEM, BET-surface area, FT-IR, UV-Vis, XPS, fluorescence and photocatalytic studies.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Flower-Like Co–La Oxide Micro/Nano Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1058 ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Shi Jing Lin ◽

Wu Tong Du ◽

Ting Ting Ding ◽

Yu Zhao ◽

You Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Cobalt Nitrate ◽

Element Distribution ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Micrometer Scale

Flower-like Co–La oxide micro/nanomaterials have been synthesized via an ethylene-glycol-mediated process, under the condition of that the mole ratio of lanthanum nitrate (La (NO3)3·6H2O) and cobalt nitrate (Co (NO3)2·6H2O) was 1:1 (based on the amount of Co (NO3)2·6H2O 0.002 mol), the dosage of urea was 2.2 g, the dosage of tetra-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) was 6.0 g, with magnetic stirring heating under 170 °C for 60 minutes in the 150mL ethylene glycol, the prepared precursors of Co–La oxides have regular flower-like morphology, in addition, the amount of TBAB and urea plays a significant role on the synthesis of the precursors. The flower-like Co–La oxides micro/nanomaterials were prepared after the precursors were calcinated in the muffle furnace at 800 °C for 2 h, the morphology, crystal properties and element distribution of the products were investigated by the analysis of SEM-EDX, XRD and BET, etc. The structures of these products with regular flower-like morphology are on the micrometer scale, which are hierarchically composed of nanosized building blocks, with highly polycrystalline nature, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 68.5 m2/g. Therefore, those micro/nanomaterials have been developed as promising catalytic materials for their not only keeping the high surface area of nanomaterials, but effectively inhibiting aggregation.

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Activated carbon fiber from liquefied wood and polyvinyl butyral as an additive for production of flexible all-carbon yarn supercapacitors

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2017-0143 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuxiang Huang ◽

Wenji Yu ◽

Guangjie Zhao

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Polyvinyl Butyral ◽

Activated Carbon Fiber ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Liquefied Wood ◽

New Material

AbstractA novel way to prepare mesoporous activated carbon fibers (ACFs-P) has been developed, while the ACFs-P with high surface area were obtained from liquefied wood by combining polyvinyl butyral (PVB) blending and steam activation. The porosity properties of the new material was investigated by N2adsorption and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was found to be 2710 m2g−1and a pore volume of 1.540 cm3g−1, of which 58.2% was mesoporous with diameters between 3 and 6 nm. ACFs-P had a higher methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity (962 mg/g) than the PVB-added carbon fibers (CFs-P) and ACFs-P without PVB (ACFs-C). Flexible all-carbon yarn supercapacitors can be produced from ACFs-P as powder or fiber. The fiber approach led to yarn supercapacitors with a less favorable electrochemical performance than the powder based production owing to the poor strength of the fibers. A 10 cm long yarn supercapacitor from the powdered ACFs exhibited a high specific length capacitance of 43 mF cm−1at 2 mV s−1. Yarn supercapacitors showed an excellent mechanical flexibility and its capacitor properties were not diminished after bending or crumpling.

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Novel Base Catalysts by Nitridation of Zeolite Y: Characterization and Catalytic Evaluation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1096 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 148-149 ◽

pp. 1096-1099

Author(s):

Gong Ming Peng ◽

De Lian Yi ◽

Lin Wu ◽

Zhao Hui Ou Yang ◽

Jian Guo Wang

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Zeolite Y ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Diethyl Malonate ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

In Situ Drifts ◽

Base Catalysts ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared

Novel base catalysts were obtained by subjecting Y zeolites to nitridation. These materials were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analysis, In situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform Spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS), Pyrrole adsorption. The results indicated nitrogen-incorporated NaY zeolite was well ordered and possess high surface area and pore volume. In situ DRIFTS experiments confirmed that N atoms had been introduced into the framework by nitridation to form -NH2- or -NH- species. It was found that Lewis basicity of these oxynitride materials increased by the pyrrole adsorption. Furthmore, the basic catalytic properties of nitrogen-incorporated zeolites were evaluated by Knoevenagal condensation of benzaldehyde with diethyl malonate and enhanced yield of product was achieved.

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Facile Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Swamp Taro Stalk via Single Step ZnCl2 Activation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 475-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.S. Mohammed Yahya ◽

Jeyashelly Andas ◽

Ghani Zaidi Ab

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Structure Type ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Single Step ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Type Iv

In this work, mesoporous activated carbon with high surface area was synthesized from swamp taro stalk by single step ZnCl2 activation. The synthesized activated carbon was characterized by Na2S2O3 volumetric method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. Under the single step ZnCl2 activation, the registered iodine number, BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter were 1087.57 mgg-1, 1242.26 m2g-1, 0.73cm3g-1 and 3.72 nm respectively with yield of 25.34%. SEM analysis evidenced the well-formation of porous structure. Type IV isotherm with H2 loops obtained from N2-sorption studies indicates the ink bottles shape mesoporous network structure. This research proved the successful conversion of plant waste into high grade activated carbon.

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A comparison of different activated carbon performances on catalytic ozonation of a model azo reactive dye

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ş. Gül ◽

O. Eren ◽

Ş. Kır ◽

Y. Önal

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Catalytic Ozonation ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Pore Properties

The objective of this study is to compare the performances of catalytic ozonation processes of two activated carbons prepared from olive stone (ACOS) and apricot stone (ACAS) with commercial ones (granular activated carbon-GAC and powder activated carbon-PAC) in degradation of reactive azo dye (Reactive Red 195). The optimum conditions (solution pH and amount of catalyst) were investigated by using absorbencies at 532, 220 and 280 nm wavelengths. Pore properties of the activated carbon (AC) such as BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameter were characterized by N2 adsorption. The highest BET surface area carbon (1,275 m2/g) was obtained from ACOS with a particle size of 2.29 nm. After 2 min of catalytic ozonation, decolorization performances of ACOS and ACAS (90.4 and 91.3%, respectively) were better than that of GAC and PAC (84.6 and 81.2%, respectively). Experimental results showed that production of porous ACs with high surface area from olive and apricot stones is feasible in Turkey.

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