scholarly journals Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials for Lithium - Ion Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Derwin ◽  
Kim Kinoshita ◽  
Tri D. Tran ◽  
Peter Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSeveral types of carbonaceous materials from Superior Graphite Co. were investigated for lithium ion intercalation. These commercially available cokes, graphitized cokes and graphites have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The coke materials were investigated in propylene carbonate based electrolytes and the graphitic materials were studied in ethylene carbonate / dimethyl solutions to prevent exfoliation. The reversible capacities of disordered cokes are below 230 mAh / g and those for many highly ordered synthetic (artificial) and natural graphites approached 372 mAh / g (LiC6). The irreversible capacity losses vary between 15 to as much as 200 % of reversible capacities for various types of carbon. Heat treated cokes with the average particle size of 10 microns showed marked improvements in reversible capacity for lithium intercalation. The electrochemical characteristics are correlated with data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TAM), X - ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analysis. The electrochemical performance, availability, cost and manufacturability of these commercial carbons will be discussed.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Fine Oil Palm Ash Powder by Ultrasonication and Alkaline Treatment for Its Evaluation as Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Methakarn Jarnthong ◽  
Chutarat Malawet ◽  
Lusheng Liao ◽  
Puwang Li ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Oil Palm Ash

Ultra-fine oil palm ash (OPA) particles were successfully prepared using ultrasonication along with optimal chemical deagglomeration. The influence of chemical treatment by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution on the OPA particles was found to be an important factor in enhancing deagglomeration efficiency. The average particle size of the original OPA (41.651 μm) decreased remarkably more than 130 times (0.318 μm) with an obvious increase of Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area after treating the OPA with 3M NaOH, followed by ultrasonication for 30 min. The changes in particle size and surface morphology were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the chemical functional groups of the untreated and treated OPA showed different patterns of infrared spectra by the presence of sodium carbonate species owing to the effect of NaOH treatment. The incorporation of both untreated and treated OPA in natural rubber by increasing their loading can improve cure characteristics (i.e., reducing optimum cure time and increasing torques) and cure kinetic parameters (i.e., increasing the rate of cure and reducing activation energy). Nevertheless, the strength, degree of reinforcement, and thermal stability of treated OPA as well as wettability between treated OPA particles and NR were greater than that resulting from the untreated OPA.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2FeSnSe4 Nanofilms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1873-1878
Author(s):  
Omar Abdulsada Ali ◽  
Sarmed S.M. Al-Awadi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Tem Transmission Electron Microscopy

Well dispersed Cu2FeSnSe4 (CFTSe) nanofilms were synthesized by hot-injection method. The structural and morphological measurements were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), Raman spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Chemical composition and optical properties of as-synthesized CFTSe nanoparticles were characterized using EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The average particle size of the nanoparticles was about 7-10 nm. The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that the synthesized CFTS nanofilms have a band gap (Eg) of about 1.16 eV. Photo-electrochemical characteristics of CFTSe nanoparticles were studied and indicated their potential application in photovoltaic applications.

Zn0.5Co0.5O Solid Solution Nanoparticles with Durable Life for Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries

Nano LIFE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1441015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Daoli Zhao ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Caihua Wang ◽  
Kaibin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion

Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O solid solution materials have been extensively studied for possible spintronic applications, however, there are only a few reports using Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O nanostructures for energy storage. Here, we report the preparation of Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O nanoparticles with the average particle size 10 nm and their application as anode material for rechargeable Li -ion batteries (LIBs). Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 O solid solution nanoparticles deliver a stable reversible capacity of 309 mA h g-1 up to 250 cycles at 1 C rate. These results show higher-rate capability and better cycle durability compared with those of the reported ZnO or ZnO -based anodes.

Nanocomposite of Tin and Lead Oxides Prepared in Plasma of Pulsed High-Voltage Discharge Process: Synthesis and Electrochemical Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Gnedenkov ◽  
Valery G. Kuryavyi ◽  
Denis P. Opra ◽  
Sergey L. Sinebryukhov ◽  
Alexander A. Sokolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Voltage Discharge

In the present paper, a composite containing mixed oxides of tin and lead has been synthesized by the method of pulsed high-voltage discharge. Material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The composite consists of SnO2 and PbO particles with an average size of ~350 nm, and SnPb2O4 nanowhiskers with size of 100 nm in diameter and few microns in length. The electrochemical performance of nanocomposite as a potential anode of lithium-ion battery has been investigated by the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge test in the potential range of 3.0–0.005 V. The reversible capacity of 821 mA·h/g was realized after 5-fold cycling at a current density of 100 mA/g. It was established that further cycling of the material is accompanied by a dramatic capacity fade: only 13 % of the initial capacity was obtained already after 10 cycles. The observed degradation in performance of nanocomposite results from its inability to compensate large lithiation/delithiation-induced volume expansion.

Preparation and Characterization of Li [Mn2-xFex]O4 (x = 0.0-0.6) Spinel Nanoparticles as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Priti Singh ◽  
Anjan Sil ◽  
Mala Nath ◽  
Subrata Ray
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
Voltage Range

Nanosized powders in the system LiMn2−xFexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) have been synthesized by sol-gel technique using citric acid as chelating agent. The effect of Fe substitution on the structure and surface morphology of spinel LiMn2O4 has been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Electrochemical characteristics. The materials for all the compositions except x = 0.6 exhibit a phase pure cubic spinel structure as evident from the XRD analyses. Doping with Fe increases the crystallinity in the materials and decreases the average particle size. The surface morphology of the synthesized particles is spherical and polygonal type. Average particle size lies in the range of 60 to 400 nm. Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4 V Li/LiMn2-xFexO4 cells has been observed when a small amount of manganese in the spinel cathode is replaced with iron. The first discharge capacities of LiMn2−xFexO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) in a voltage range of 3 V to 4.3 V decreases as the x increases, however, the cyclic performance improves.

scholarly journals Preparation of LiFePO4 Powders by Ultrasonic Spray Drying Method and Their Memory Effect

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193
Author(s):  
Tu Lan ◽  
Xiaolong Guo ◽  
De Li ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray

The memory effect of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was first discovered in LiFePO4, but its origin and dependence are still not clear, which is essential for regulating the memory effect. In this paper, a home-made spray drying device was used to successfully synthesize LiFePO4 with an average particle size of about 1 μm, and we studied the influence of spray drying temperature on the memory effect of LiFePO4 in LIBs. The results showed that the increasing of spray drying temperature made the memory effect of LiFePO4 strengthen from 1.3 mV to 2.9 mV, while the capacity decreased by approximately 6%. The XRD refinement and FTIR spectra indicate that the enhancement of memory effect can be attributed to the increment of Li–Fe dislocations. This work reveals the dependence of memory effect of LiFePO4 on spray drying temperature, which will guide us to optimize the preparation process of electrode materials and improve the management system of LIBs.

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Su ◽  
Ying Yun Lin ◽  
Yu Li Fu ◽  
Fan Qian ◽  
Xiu Pei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Transmission Electron

Water-soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared using 2-mercapto-4-methyl-5- thiazoleacetic acid (MMTA) as a stabilizing agent and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The AuNPs product was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TEM image shows that the particles were well-dispersed and their average particle size is about 5 nm. The UV-vis absorption and FTIR spectra confirm that the MMTA-AuNPs was stabilized by the carboxylate ions present on the surface of the AuNPs.

Study on the synthesis of antibacterial plastic by using silver nanoparticles doped in zeolite framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Anh Quoc Le ◽  
Van Phu Dang ◽  
Ngoc Duy Nguyen ◽  
Kim Lan Nguyen Thi ◽  
Kim Lang Vo Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Zeolite Framework ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Transmission Electron

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped in the zeolite framework (AgNPs/Z) were successfully synthesized by γ-irradiation in ethanol solution of silver ion-zeolite (Ag+/Z) prepared by ion exchange reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zeolite 4A. The effects of the Ag+ concentration and irradiation dose on the formation of AgNPs/Z were also investigated. AgNPs/Z with the silver content of about 10,000 ppm and the average particle size of AgNPs of about 27 nm was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Firstly, AgNPs/Z was added into PP resins for creation of PP-AgNPs/Z masterbatch (Ag content of ~10.000 ppm) and then PP-AgNPs/Z plastics were preapared by mixing masterbatch with PP resins. The antibacterial activity of the PP-AgNPs/Z plastics was investigated against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that PP-AgNPs/Z plastic contained 100 ppm of Ag possessed a high antibacterial property, namely the bactericidal effect was more than 96 % on the platic surface. In conclusion, possessing many advantages such as: vigorously antibacterial effect and good dispersion in plastic matrix, AgNPs/Z is promising to be applied as bactericidal agent for plastic industry.

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Amorphous Tin-Copper Composite Oxide CuSnO3

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Rong Bin Du ◽  
Xue Jun Kong
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Charge Capacity ◽  
Composite Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Copper Composite

Composite oxides materials CuSnO3as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method using SnCl4•5H2O, NH3•H2O and Cu(NO3)2•3H2O as raw materials.The precursor CuSn(OH)6and CuSnO3powders were characterized by thermogravimertric(TG) analysis and differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrochemical properties of CuSnO3powders as anode materials of lithium ion batteries were investigated comparatively by galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments. The results show the average particle size of amorphous CuSnO3is 70nm. The initial capacity during the first lithium insertion is 1078 mA•h/g and the reversible charge capacity in first cycle is 775 mA•h/g. After 20 cycles, the charge capacity is 640 mA•h/g and this material shows moderate capacity fading with cycling. As a novel anode material for lithium ion batteries, amorphous CuSnO3demonstrates a large capacity and a low insertion potential with respect to Li metal.

A Study of Nanosize Fe3O4 Deposited on Carbon Matrix

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Banov ◽  
L. Ljutzkanov ◽  
I. Dimitrov ◽  
A. Trifonova ◽  
H. Vasilchina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Lithium Secondary Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Tests

Nanosized crystalline Fe3O4 (with an average particle size of 16 nm) was successfully synthesized on a carbon matrix surface. The prepared sample was heat-treated in the temperature range 300 °C–750 °C to remove residual impurities and to obtain a final product with a 77:23 ratio between magnetite and the carbon support. The sample was subjected to physicochemical and electrochemical tests. The purity of the phase and the particles size was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by field emission scanning electron micrographs. The specific surface area of the sample measured by the B.E.T method was 120 m2 g−1. A series of electrochemical tests including EIS, CV and long-term constant current cycling have been performed. The obtained reversible capacity within 15 cycles was in the range 400–550 mA h · g−1. The electrochemical behavior of the test sample and its possible practical use as an anode material in lithium secondary batteries are discussed.

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