scholarly journals Preparation of LiFePO4 Powders by Ultrasonic Spray Drying Method and Their Memory Effect

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193
Author(s):  
Tu Lan ◽  
Xiaolong Guo ◽  
De Li ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray

The memory effect of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was first discovered in LiFePO4, but its origin and dependence are still not clear, which is essential for regulating the memory effect. In this paper, a home-made spray drying device was used to successfully synthesize LiFePO4 with an average particle size of about 1 μm, and we studied the influence of spray drying temperature on the memory effect of LiFePO4 in LIBs. The results showed that the increasing of spray drying temperature made the memory effect of LiFePO4 strengthen from 1.3 mV to 2.9 mV, while the capacity decreased by approximately 6%. The XRD refinement and FTIR spectra indicate that the enhancement of memory effect can be attributed to the increment of Li–Fe dislocations. This work reveals the dependence of memory effect of LiFePO4 on spray drying temperature, which will guide us to optimize the preparation process of electrode materials and improve the management system of LIBs.

scholarly journals Commercial Cokes and Graphites as Anode Materials for Lithium - Ion Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Derwin ◽  
Kim Kinoshita ◽  
Tri D. Tran ◽  
Peter Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSeveral types of carbonaceous materials from Superior Graphite Co. were investigated for lithium ion intercalation. These commercially available cokes, graphitized cokes and graphites have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. The coke materials were investigated in propylene carbonate based electrolytes and the graphitic materials were studied in ethylene carbonate / dimethyl solutions to prevent exfoliation. The reversible capacities of disordered cokes are below 230 mAh / g and those for many highly ordered synthetic (artificial) and natural graphites approached 372 mAh / g (LiC6). The irreversible capacity losses vary between 15 to as much as 200 % of reversible capacities for various types of carbon. Heat treated cokes with the average particle size of 10 microns showed marked improvements in reversible capacity for lithium intercalation. The electrochemical characteristics are correlated with data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TAM), X - ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area analysis. The electrochemical performance, availability, cost and manufacturability of these commercial carbons will be discussed.

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Amorphous Tin-Copper Composite Oxide CuSnO3

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Rong Bin Du ◽  
Xue Jun Kong
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Charge Capacity ◽  
Composite Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Copper Composite

Composite oxides materials CuSnO3as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method using SnCl4•5H2O, NH3•H2O and Cu(NO3)2•3H2O as raw materials.The precursor CuSn(OH)6and CuSnO3powders were characterized by thermogravimertric(TG) analysis and differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrochemical properties of CuSnO3powders as anode materials of lithium ion batteries were investigated comparatively by galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments. The results show the average particle size of amorphous CuSnO3is 70nm. The initial capacity during the first lithium insertion is 1078 mA•h/g and the reversible charge capacity in first cycle is 775 mA•h/g. After 20 cycles, the charge capacity is 640 mA•h/g and this material shows moderate capacity fading with cycling. As a novel anode material for lithium ion batteries, amorphous CuSnO3demonstrates a large capacity and a low insertion potential with respect to Li metal.

Metallothermic Reduction at Low Temperature Synthesis of Ti4O7 Powder with Lithium Ion Insertion/Extraction Property

2019 ◽  
Vol 956 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Bei Lei Yan ◽  
Wei Wei Meng ◽  
San Chao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Extraction Property

In this work, a thermal reduction process via ultrafine titanium powder as the reducing agent under argon atmosphere is firstly used to prepare Ti4O7. Compared with the conventional method, this experiment process reduces the sintering temperature to 850°C. The phase transformation and the morphology of the as-prepared powders are examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, it is found that the Ti4O7 powders obtained by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited the crystal structure, distinctly possessing an average particle size around 750 nm. The as-prepared Ti4O7 nanoparticles are used as anode active material in lithium battery. The results demonstrate that the anode with Ti4O7 calcined at 850°C by titanium thermal reduction method exhibited insertion/extraction lithium ion property.

LiFe1-xMnxPO4/C COMPOSITE AS CATHODE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI FANG LIU ◽  
ZU BIAO WEN ◽  
YA FEI LIU ◽  
ZHONG HUA HU
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Charge Discharge

LiFe 1-x Mn x PO 4/ C composites were prepared as cathode material for lithium ion battery via solid-state reaction and using glucose as reducing agent and carbon source. The crystal structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The resultant samples were pure olivine compounds with an orthorhombic structure. Their electrochemical performance was studied by galvanostatic charge–discharge test and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the sample LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4/C with an average particle size of 400 nm exhibited the largest discharge capacity of 150 mAh g-1, excellent reversibility of charge–discharge and high capacity retention of 97% after a 50-cycle CV scanning. The improved electrical conductivity corresponding to the fine carbon layer around the LiFe0.8Mn0.2PO4 individual particle can be responsible for all these excellent electrochemical performance.

Surface Treatment of the Lithium Boron Oxide Coated LiMn2O4 Cathode Material in Li-Ion Battery

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Chan ◽  
Jenq Gong Duh ◽  
Shyang Roeng Sheen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cyclic Test ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
High Discharge Capacity

Surface modification on the electrode has a vital impact on lithium-ion batteries, and it is essential to probe the mechanism of the modified film on the surface of the electrode. In this study, a Li2O-2B2O3 film was coated on the surface of the cathode material by solution method. The cathode powders derived from co-precipitation method were calcined with various weight percent of the surface modified glass to form fine powder of single spinel phase with different particle size, size distribution and morphology. The thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis was used to evaluate the appropriate heat treatment temperature. The structure was confirmed by the X-ray diffractometer along with the composition measured by the electron probe microanalyzer. From the field emission scanning electron microscope image and Laser Scattering measurements, the average particle size was in the range of 7-8µm. The electrochemical behavior of the cathode powder was examined by using two-electrode test cells consisted of a cathode, metallic lithium anode, and an electrolyte of 1M LiPF6. Cyclic charge/discharge testing of the coin cells, fabricated by both coated and un-coated cathode material, provided high discharge capacity. Furthermore, the coated cathode powder showed better cyclability than the un-coated one after the cyclic test. The introduction of the glass-coated cathode material revealed high discharge capacity and appreciably decreased the decay rate after cyclic test.

scholarly journals Formulation of Spray-dried Proliposomes Loaded with Berberin

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Tran Thi Nhu Quynh ◽  
Duong Thi Thuan ◽  
Pham Thi Minh Hue
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Spray Dried

The aims of study was formulation and evaluation of berberin (BBR) loaded proliposomes by spray-drying method. BBR proliposomes were evaluated for appearance, spray-drying efficiency, morphology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Liposomes, obtained after hydration, were evaluated for particle size, size distribution, morphology and entrapment efficiency. The results showed that BBR proliposomes were prepared by spray-drying method with molar ratio of Hydrogenated soy phosphatidyl choline (HSPC): Sodium deoxycholat (NaDC): vitamin E (vtE): BBR = 7: 1: 6: 6. Mixture of manitol and Aerosil at weight ratio of 97:3 was used as carrier. Results of DSC showed that berberin was dispersed molecularly into proliposomes powder. BBR liposomes, obtained after hydration, had average particle diameter of about 29 μm and entrapment efficiency was 22.23%. Keywords Proliposomes, liposomes, berberin, sodium deoxycholate, spray-dried. References [1] W. Kong, J. Wei, A. Parrveen et al., Berberine is A Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Drug Working Through A Unique Mechanism Distinct From Statins, Nature Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2004, pp. 1344-1351, https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1135.[2] S. K. Kulkarni, A. Dhir, on The Mechanism of Antidepressant-Like Action of Berberine Chloride, European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 589, No. 1-3, 2008, pp. 163-172, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.05.043.[3] Y. T. Ho, J. S. Yang, T. C. Li et al., Berberine Suppresses in Vitro Migration and Invasion of Human SCC-4 Tongue Squamous Cancer Cells Through the Inhibitions of FAK, IKK, NF-Κb, U-PA and MMP-2 and-9, Cancer Letters, Vol. 279, No. 2, 2009, pp. 155-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.033.[4] S. Muneer, Z. Masood, S. Butt et al., Proliposomes as Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery System: A Brief Review, Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2017, pp. 448-450, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000448.[5] H. K. Omer, N. R. Hussein, A. Ferraz et al., Spray-Dried Proliposome Microparticles for High-Performance Aerosol Delivery Using a Monodose Powder Inhaler, AAPS PharmSciTech, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2018, pp. 2434-2448, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-018-1058-4.[6] T. T. H. Yen, T. T. N. Quynh, D. T. Thuan, P. T. M. Hue, Preparation of Berberin Liposomes, Contained Sodium Deoxycholate by Ethanol Injection Method, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Drug information, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2020, pp. 11-17 (in Vietnamese). [7] T. T. H. Yen, T. T. Hue, P. T. M. Hue et al., Preparation of Berberin Proliposomes by Film Deposition on Carrier Surface Method, VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2020, pp. 9-15, https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4204.[8] R. G. Ahmed, S. Sherif, Z. Zainab et al., Silymarin Spray-Dried Proliposomes: Preparation, Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation, Drug Delivery Letters, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2020, pp. 14-23, https://doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190722114211.[9] A. Bangham, M. M. Standish, J. C. Watkins Diffusion of Univalent Ions Across the Lamellae of Swollen Phospholipids, Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1965, pp. 238-252.    

Controlled Growth of Silicon Particles via Plasma Pulsing and their Application as Battery Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Schwan ◽  
Brandon Wagner ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Lorenzo Mangolini
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Plasma Reactors

Abstract The use of silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries requires a precise control over both their average size and their size distribution. Particles larger than the generally accepted critical size of 150 nm fail during lithiation because of excessive swelling, while very small particles (<10 nm) inevitably lead to a poor first cycle coulombic efficiency because of their excessive specific surface area. Both mechanisms induce irreversible capacity losses and are detrimental to the anode functionality. In this manuscript we describe a novel approach for enhanced growth of nanoparticles to ~20 nm using low-temperature flow-through plasma reactors via pulsing. Pulsing of the RF power leads to a significant increase in the average particle size, all while maintaining the particles well below the critical size for stable operation in a lithium-ion battery anode. A zero-dimensional aerosol plasma model is used to investigate the dynamics of particle agglomeration and growth in the pulsed plasma reactor. The accelerated growth correlates with the shape of the particle size distribution in the afterglow, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as metastable density, gas and electron temperature. The accelerated agglomeration in each afterglow phase is followed by rapid sintering of the agglomerates into single-crystal particles in the following plasma-on phase. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, while also underscoring the need for better characterization of their fundamental parameters in transient regimes.

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