scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF AN ARTIFICIAL COMMERCIAL FEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON LARVAL REARING AND CRABLET PRODUCTION OF MUD CRAB Scylla tranquebarica

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunarto Gunarto ◽  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Herlinah Herlinah ◽  
Sulaeman Sulaeman ◽  
Muliani Muliani
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

The effects of an artificial commercial feed supplementation on larval rearing and crablet production of mud crab Scylla tranquebarica. In mass production of mud crab seeds, only rotifer and Artemia nauplii are usually fed to mud crab larvae rearing until the larvae develop to crablet stage. The supplementation of artificial commercial feed from zoea-3 stage is expected to supply an essential nutrient required for an optimum larval development. The research was aimed to determine the optimum dosage of commercial feed supplementation for a successful larval rearing to produce crablet in hatchery. Newly hatched larvae of mud crab were stocked at a density of 100 ind./L. The larvae were fed with rotifer and Artemia nauplii. Microbound artificial commercial feed sized <100 microns (protein 52%, fat 14,5%, fiber 3% and water content 10%) was supplemented to the larvae from zoea-3 to megalopa stage at different dosages namely: a). 0.5 mg/L/2 days; b). 0.75 mg/L/2 days; c). 1.0 mg/L/2 days; d). 1.25 mg/L/2 days. Larval population, larval development indices (LDI), megalopa occurrence index (MOI) and crablet production were observed and measured. Water quality (ammonium, nitrite, Total Organic Matter (TOM), and total Vibrio sp. count were also monitored. The LDI, MOI, and crablet production from each treatment were compared and tested using one way-ANOVA. The results showed that the survival rate of larvae at zoea-5 ranged between 29-33%. The LDI was not significantly different (P>0.05) among treatments. However, the MOI of treatment A and B at day 21 ph was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with treatment C and D. In addition, the crablet production in treatment B, C and D were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with treatment A. It was concluded that the supplementation of artificial commercial feed in larval rearing of S. tranquebarica could be applied at the dosage range of 0.75-1.25 mg/L/2-days from zoea-3 until crablet (C-7) stage.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF WEANING TIME ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea)THE EFFECTS OF WEANING TIME ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Haryati Haryati ◽  
Yushinta Fujaya ◽  
Early Septiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Research Experiment

Live foods such as rotifers and Artemia are commonly used as foods in larval rearing of mud crab (S. olivacea). However, the continuous availability and nutritional consistency of live foods are difficult to control. Thus, the development of artificial diets to partially or fully replaced live foods is needed to overcome the limitations of live foods. The purpose of this research was to determine the best stage at which mud crab larvae can be weaned from live foods to artificial diets. The research experiment consisted of: treatment-1, the larvae were fed with live foods from zoea-1 to megalopa stages as the control treatment; treatment-2, the larvae were fed with artificial diet from zoea-2 to megalopa stages; and treatment-3, the larvae were fed with artificial diet from zoea-3 to megalopa stages. In treatment-4, artificial diet was given from zoea-4 to megalopa stages. The growth and survival rate of larvae in treatment-1, 3, and 4 were not significantly different (P>0.05) but significantly different with treatment-2. Based on the present results, this study suggests that artificial diet can be given to mud crab larvae (S. olivacea) from the third zoea stage.

scholarly journals SUBSTITUSI PENGGUNAAN NAUPLIUS ARTEMIA DENGAN PAKAN MIKRO DALAM PEMELIHARAAN LARVA KEPITING BAKAU, Scylla olivacea

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Asda Laining
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Crab Larva ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Adanya molting death sindrom yang umumnya terjadi pada stadia zoea-5 ke megalopa dan ke krablet-1 pada kepiting bakau, Scylla olivacea, diduga berkaitan dengan ketidakcukupan nutrien yang dikonsumsi larva, sehingga perlu dicobakan penggunaan pakan buatan (mikro) pada stadia tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis optimum penggunaan pakan mikro (micro diet, MD) untuk mensubstitusi penggunaan nauplius Artemia (Art) dalam pemeliharaan larva kepiting bakau. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah larva kepiting bakau stadia zoea-4—5. Hewan uji tersebut dipelihara dalam wadah bak fibre berisi air laut 150 L dengan kepadatan 12 ind./L. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah pemberian pakan uji berupa: nauplius Artemia sebanyak 100% (100% Art), nauplius Artemia 75% + pakan mikro 25% (75% Art + 25% MD), nauplius Artemia 50% + pakan mikro 50% (50% Art + 50% MD), nauplius Artemia 25% + pakan mikro 75% (25% Art + 75% MD), dan pakan mikro 100% (100% MD). Pemberian pakan uji dilakukan pada pagi dan sore hari selama 15 hari pemeliharaan (hingga larva mencapai stadia krablet-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada penggunaan nauplius Artemia 50% + pakan mikro 50% didapatkan sintasan krabet-1 tertinggi (5,6%) dan berbeda nyata (<0,05) dengan sintasan krablet pada penggunaan 100% nauplius Artemia (sintasan 2,4%) dan 100% pakan mikro (sintasan 2,1%). Bobot badan, lebar karapaks krablet, dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan relatif sama di antara perlakuan. Penggunaan pakan mikro dapat menggantikan 50% penggunaan Artemia dalam pemeliharaan larva (zoea-5 hingga krablet-1) kepiting bakau.Cases of molting death syndrome generally occur on the transitional stage of zoea-5 to megalopa stage and to crablet-1 of mud crab, Scylla olivacea. It is suspected that the event could be related to nutrient insufficiency consumed by the larvae which can be supplemented using artificial diet (micro diet). This study aims to obtain an optimum dosage use of the micro diet (MD) to substitute the use of Artemia nauplii (Art) in the crab-larva rearing. Test animals used were mud crab larvae of zoea-4—5 stadia. The test animals were reared in the fiberglass containers, filled with seawater as much as 150 L, and stocked with a density of 12 ind./L. The treatments tested were feeding tests in the form of: Artemia nauplii as much as 100% (100% Art), Artemia nauplii 75% + micro diet 25% (75% Art + 25% MD), Artemia nauplii 50% + micro diet 50% (50% Art + 50% MD), Artemia nauplii 25% + 75% micro diet (25% Art + 75% MD), and micro diet 100% (100% MD). The larvae were fed daily in the morning and afternoon for 15 days until the larvae reach crablet stage. The results showed that the use of Artemia nauplii 50% + 50% micro diets obtained the highest survival rate (5.6%) of crablet-1 and significantly different (<0.05) with the survival rates of crablet fed with 100% of Artemia nauplii (survival rate of 2.4%) and crablet fed with 100% micro diet (survival rate of 2.1%). Body weight, carapace width of crablet, and digestive enzyme activities were relatively similar between the treatments. The use of micro diet could replace 50% of the utilization of Artemia nauplii in larvae (zoea-5 to crablet-1) rearing of mud crab.

scholarly journals Extension of Rotifer (Brachionus Plicatilis) Inclusions in the Larval Diets of Mud Crab, Scylla Paramamosain (Estampodor, 1949): Effects on Survival, Growth, Metamorphosis and Development Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ong Moc Quy ◽  
Ravi Fotedar ◽  
Ho Thi Truong Thy
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Feeding Regimes

The study evaluated the effects of extended dietary inclusions of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) on the survival, metamorphosis rate, growth and development time in the larvae of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain). The five most commonly published feeding regimes of mud crab (S. paramamosain) larvae were selected and tested by including rotifers onto them. Mud crab larvae in the first feeding regime were fed exclusively with Artemia nauplii (control or regime A), while those in feeding regimes 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed rotifers starting from zoea 1 (Z1) to various development stages of mud crab larvae whereas feeding with Artemia nauplii was commenced from the Z2 stage until the end of the trial (megalopa stage). The results of the larval feeding trial for 24 days of culture showed the progressive decrease in survival of the larvae in all feeding regimes. Extended inclusion of rotifer feeding until Z5 stage resulted in significantly higher survival than in the control from 18 day after hatching onwards. Larval survival was negatively correlated (R2 from 0.78 to 0.90) with the rearing time; however, different feeding regimes had no significant effect on this correlation. Extending inclusion of rotifer feeding until the Z3, Z4 and Z5 stages resulted in higher percentages of megalopa metamorphosis than in regime control, but did not significantly impact development time, carapace width, body length and wet weight of megalopa. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FEED RAW MATERIALS TYPES ON DISSOLVED PROTEIN CONTENT, PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS LEVEL AND FEED NUTRITION CONTENT OF ORANGE MANGROVE CRAB (Scylla olivacea) LARVAE FEED

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Haryati Haryati ◽  
Yushinta Fujaya ◽  
Edison Saade
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Hydrolysis Degree ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Feed Protein

Feed is one of the factors that affect the success of hatchery culture of mud crab (Scylla olivacea). The use of artificial feed in the form of microdiet can ensure availability, lower production costs and higher flexibility than natural feed. During this time the artificial feed used is a commercial feed, which is relatively expensive, therefore the need for research to produce artificial feed of good quality, with a cheap price.. The objective of this research is to determine the combination of raw material of artificial feed protein which produce dissolved protein content, protein hydrolysis degree and best protein content of feed. The experimental design used was completely randomized with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were the use of various combinations of feed protein ingredients : A) 100% Artemia flour, B) 100% fish meal, C) 100% squid meal, D) 50% Artemia and 50% fish meals, E) 50% Artemia and 50% squid meals, F) 50% fish and 50% squid meals, G) 35% fish, 35% squid and 30% Artemia meals, H) commercial feed. The parameters used were dissolved protein content, protein hydrolysis degree and protein feed content. The results showed that the difference of feed protein raw materials had significant effect (p <0,05) on soluble protein content and feed protein hydrolysis degree. The highest content of soluble protein in in the diet with a protein raw material was squid meal, but not significantly different (P> 0,05) than Artemia meal and combination between 50% Artemia and 50% squid meals, but significantly different (P < 0.05) than other treatments. The highest degree of protein hydrolysis in the diet with a protein raw materials was Artemia meal, but not significantly different (P> 0.05) than in commercial feed as well as combination between Artemia and squid meal (P> 0.05), but significantly different (P <0, 05) compared to other treatments. Feed protein content according to the needs of mangrove crab larvae. Fat content with a protein raw materials was 100% artemia meal was higher than the need. Carbohydrate content with a protein raw materials were 100% artemia meal, a combination of 50% artemia meal and 50% squid meal and commercial feed according to the needs of mud crab larvae.

scholarly journals Optimisation of nursery rearing for megalopa of giant mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775)

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antony ◽  
C.P. Balasubramanian ◽  
J. Balamurugan ◽  
K.P. Sandeep ◽  
I.F. Biju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Gracilaria Tenuistipitata ◽  
Crab Larvae

Three nursery rearing trials were conducted to overcome the inconsistent survival of megalopa of the giant mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1775) during metamorphosis to crab instar. In the first trial, 3-4 days old megalopa (4.73 mg mean body weight) were stocked in hapas erected in outdoor brackishwater ponds and indoor fiberglass (FRP) tanks at densities of 500 nos. m-2 and 1 no. l-1 respectively and reared for 15 days using minced clam meat (Meretrix casta) as feed. Outdoor hapas were provided with seaweed, Gracilaria tenuistipitata as shelter. Mean survival rate of crab instar following three consecutive runs were significantly higher (p<0.05) for megalopa reared in outdoor hapas (57.7±2.7%) over indoor FRP tanks (24.1±2.2%). To ascertain the life stage that yields optimal survival on weaning from indoor hatchery to ponds, zoea 5 (Z5) and megalopa 1-day old (M1), 2-day old (M2), 3-day old (M3) and 4-day old (M4) were reared in hapas for15 days and fed on minced clam meat. Three day and 4-day old megalopa demonstrated significantly higher survival rates (p<0.05) of 62.3±3.08% and 69.6±2.35% respectively to crab instar stage at conclusion of the trial. Megalopa (3-4 days old, 5.05 mg mean body weight) were stocked to 100 l tanks (stocking density - 1 no. 4 l-1) and reared for a period of 8 days using different feeds viz., artemia biomass (T1), minced clam meat (T2), crab larvae (T3) and artemia nauplii (T4) in the third trial to evaluate various production parameters. Crab instar conversion rate (number of crab instars/number of megalopa stocked × 100) was significantly higher (p<0.0001) for megalopa fed using artemia biomass (T1) and minced clam meat (T2) at 74.66±5.81% and 72.00±2.30% respectively. Results of the present study indicate that, high density rearing (500 no. m-2) of megalopa (3-4 days old) in outdoor hapas provided with seaweed refuge for short periods (15 days) would yield higher survival rate to crab stage. Nursery rearing of megalopa in ponds reduces the hatchery phase in mud crab larval rearing and maximise production of crab instars.

scholarly journals Crablet of Mud Crab Scylla Olivacea Production from the Different Stages of Larvae fed Artemia Nauplii Enriched Using Nannochloropsis sp

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunarto Gunarto ◽  
Andi Parenrengi ◽  
Early Septiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Crab Larvae ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Brackishwater Pond ◽  
Stage D ◽  
Larvae Development

Improvement of feed quality for mangrove crab larvae rearing is one of theimportant factors to increase of crablet production. The aim of the research was to knowthe influenzing of enriched Artemia nauplii using Nannochloropsis sp fed to the differentstages of larvae Scylla olivacea on crablet production. Twelve units of tanks volume 250L filled with saline water salinity 30 ppt, aerated, then stocked with new hatched mud crablarvae zoea-1 at the density 100 ind./L. The larvae zoea-1 were fed rotifer, Brachionus sp.and after zoea-3, beside fed by rotifer, the larvae were also fed by Artemia naupli. Fourtreatments were tested, namely: A). Artemia nauplii enriched using Nannochloropsis sp.was given to the larvae zoea-3 until develop to megalop stage. B). Artemia nauplii enrichedusing Nannochloropsis sp was given to the larvae zoea-4 until develop to megalop stage.C). Artemia nauplii enriched using Nannochloropsis sp was given to the larvae zoea-5 stageuntil develop to megalop stage. D). Artemia nauplii without enriched using Nannochloropsissp. was given to the larvae zoea-3 until develop to megalop stage. Result of the researchshowed that the highest of Larvae Development Indexes and Megalop Occurence Indexeswas obtained in treatment A and resulted the highest of crablet production, then followed bytreatment C and B and those were significantly different (P<0.05) with the crablet productionin treatment D. The use of Artemia nauplii enriched by Nannochloropsis sp. to feed larvae,S. olivacea stage zoea-3 to zoea-5 until develop to the megalop stage is one of the key factorto enhance the crablet production. By this finding, the crablet production in hatchery will beincreased and the mud crab culture in brackishwater pond able to developed.

scholarly journals Improvement of water quality for mass anopheline rearing: evaluation of the impact of ammonia-capturing zeolite on larval development and adult phenotypic quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwamaka Oluchukwu Akpodiete ◽  
Frédéric Tripet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria vector control approaches that rely on mosquito releases such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) and suppression or replacement strategies relying on genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) depend on effective mass production of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anophelines typically require relatively clean larval rearing water, and water management techniques that minimise toxic ammonia are key to achieving optimal rearing conditions in small and large rearing facilities. Zeolites are extensively used in closed-system fish aquaculture to improve water quality and reduce water consumption, thanks to their selective adsorption of ammonia and toxic heavy metals. The many advantages of zeolites include low cost, abundance in many parts of the world and environmental friendliness. However, so far, their potential benefit for mosquito rearing has not been evaluated. Methods This study evaluated the independent effects of zeolite and daily water changes (to simulate a continuous flow system) on the rearing of An. coluzzii under two feed regimes (powder and slurry feed) and larval densities (200 and 400 larvae per tray). The duration of larval development, adult emergence success and phenotypic quality (body size) were recorded to assess the impact of water treatments on mosquito numbers, phenotypic quality and identification of optimal feeding regimes and larval density for the use of zeolite. Results Overall, mosquito emergence, duration of development and adult phenotypic quality were significantly better in treatments with daily water changes. In treatments without daily water changes, zeolite significantly improved water quality at the lower larval rearing density, resulting in higher mosquito emergence and shorter development time. At the lower larval rearing density, the adult phenotypic quality did not significantly differ between zeolite treatment without water changes and those with daily changes. Conclusions These results suggest that treating rearing water with zeolite can improve mosquito production in smaller facilities. Zeolite could also offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for water recycling management systems in larger production facilities. Further studies are needed to optimise and assess the costs and benefits of such applications to Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) mosquito-rearing programmes. Graphic abstract

Effect of methyl farnesoate and farnesoic acid during 5th zoea and megalopa metamorphosis in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1950 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-863
Author(s):  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Fengying Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Lingbo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Methyl Farnesoate ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Juvenile Crab ◽  
Farnesoic Acid

Abstract The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is one of the economically important aquaculture species in China. The larval development of the mud crab is characterized by two significant morphological changes, from the 5th zoea (Z5) to the megalopa (M) stage and from the M to the first juvenile crab (C1) stage. In this study, we found that methyl farnesoate (MF) could prohibit the Z5 to M metamorphosis in a concentration-dependent manner, and that a concentration of 10 μM MF could completely prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis. Farnesoic acid (FA) could also prohibit the Z5 metamorphosis, but its effects seemed to be concentration-independent. In addition, MF could delay rather than prohibit the M to C1 metamorphosis, while FA had no effect on the M to C1 metamorphosis at all. To summarize, it is hypothesized that either absence of MF and FA, or at least very low levels of these substances, might be necessary for a successful Z5 to M metamorphosis.

Embryonic and larval development of the caridean shrimp Palaemon argentinus (Decapoda, Caridea): effects of salinity and diet

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Carolina Tropea ◽  
Liane Stumpf ◽  
Laura S. López Greco
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Caridean Shrimp ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The caridean shrimp Palaemon argentinus is a species of commercial and ecological interest. Its numerous larval stages, the lack of knowledge on their nutritional requirements, and their ability to survive in a wide range of salinities raise questions on the optimum conditions for larval rearing in captivity. The present study was aimed at evaluating embryonic development under different salinities and larval development under different combinations of salinities and diet regimes, in order to define alternative, cheaper culture conditions. We tested salinities usually encountered by the species in natural habitats (0.1, 1 and 5 ppt) and a highly protein-inert diet (Tetracolor®) as a potential replacement for live food (nauplii of Artemia salina). The incubation period and fecundity were similar among salinity treatments. Overall, the number of survival days and percentage of zoeae that moulted two, three and four times were higher when embryogenesis occurred at 5 ppt and when larvae were exposed to 5 ppt. These results suggest that the conditions experienced by embryos affect the performance of the first larval stages, and probably reflect the lower energetic requirements of zoeae to osmoregulate as water and haemolymph osmolarity become closer. On the other hand, larval performance was better when fed A. salina nauplii than Tetracolor®. The latter may not cover the nutritional requirements of zoeae or may have low digestibility due to insufficient enzymes in the undeveloped larval digestive system. Based on the present results, we conclude that a salinity of 5 ppt combined with a diet consisting of Artemia sp. nauplii is optimal for larval culture at early stages.

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