Increase in Reported Prevalence of Microcephaly in Infants Born to Women Living in Areas with Confirmed Zika Virus Transmission During the First Trimester of Pregnancy — Brazil, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Kleber de Oliveira ◽  
Juan Cortez-Escalante ◽  
Wanessa Tenório Gonçalves Holanda De Oliveira ◽  
Greice Madeleine Ikeda do Carmo ◽  
Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Increase in Reported Prevalence of Microcephaly in Infants Born to Women Living in Areas with Confirmed Zika Virus Transmission During the First Trimester of Pregnancy — Brazil, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderson Kleber de Oliveira ◽  
Juan Cortez-Escalante ◽  
Wanessa Tenório Gonçalves Holanda De Oliveira ◽  
Greice Madeleine Ikeda do Carmo ◽  
Cláudio Maierovitch Pessanha Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Zika virus hijacks extracellular vesicle tetraspanin pathways for cell-to-cell transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B. York ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Allaura S. Cone ◽  
Leanne C. Duke ◽  
Mujeeb R. Cheerathodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Encapsulated Structures

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated structures released by cells which carry signaling factors, proteins and microRNAs that mediate intercellular communication. Accumulating evidence supports an important role of EVs in the progression of neurological conditions and both the spread and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. It has recently been demonstrated that EVs from Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals and cells contained replicative-competent viral RNA that was capable of infecting hepatocytes. Being a member of the same viral family, it is likely the Zika virus also hijacks EV pathways to package viral components and secrete vesicles that are infectious and potentially less immunogenic. As EVs have been shown to cross blood-brain and placental barriers, it is possible that Zika virus could usurp normal EV biology to gain access to the brain or developing fetus. Here, we demonstrate that Zika virus infected cells secrete distinct EV sub-populations with specific viral protein profiles and infectious genomes. Zika virus infection resulted in the enhanced production of EVs with varying sizes and density compared to those released from non-infected cells. We also show that the EV enriched tetraspanin CD63 regulates the release of EVs, and Zika viral genomes and capsids following infection. Overall, these findings provide evidence for an alternative means of Zika virus transmission and demonstrate the role of EV biogenesis and trafficking proteins in the modulation of Zika infection.ImportanceZika virus is a re-emerging infectious disease that spread rapidly across the Caribbean and South America. Infection of pregnant women during the first trimester has been linked to microcephaly, a neurological condition where babies are born with smaller heads due to abnormal brain development. Babies born with microcephaly can develop convulsions and suffer disabilities as they age. Despite the significance of Zika virus, little is known about how the virus infects the fetus or causes disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated structures released by cells that are present in all biological fluids. EVs carry signaling factors, proteins and microRNAs that mediate intercellular communication. EVs have been shown to be a means by which some viruses can alter cellular environments and cross previously unpassable cellular barriers. Thus gaining a greater understanding of how Zika affects EV cargo may aid in the development of better diagnostics, targeted therapeutics and prophylactic treatments.

scholarly journals Zika Virus-Derived E-DIII Protein Displayed on Immunologically Optimized VLPs Induces Neutralizing Antibodies without Causing Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cabral-Miranda ◽  
Stephanie M. Lim ◽  
Mona O. Mohsen ◽  
Ilya V. Pobelov ◽  
Elisa S. Roesti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Igg

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus similar to Dengue virus (DENV) in terms of transmission and clinical manifestations, and usually both viruses are found to co-circulate. ZIKV is usually transmitted by mosquitoes bites, but may also be transmitted by blood transfusion, via the maternal–foetal route, and sexually. After 2015, when the most extensive outbreak of ZIKV had occurred in Brazil and subsequently spread throughout the rest of South America, it became evident that ZIKV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with microcephaly and other neurological complications in newborns. As a result, the development of a vaccine against ZIKV became an urgent goal. A major issue with DENV vaccines, and therefore likely also with ZIKV vaccines, is the induction of antibodies that fail to neutralize the virus properly and cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection instead. It has previously been shown that antibodies against the third domain of the envelope protein (EDIII) induces optimally neutralizing antibodies with no evidence for ADE for other viral strains. Therefore, we generated a ZIKV vaccine based on the EDIII domain displayed on the immunologically optimized Cucumber mosaic virus (CuMVtt) derived virus-like particles (VLPs) formulated in dioleoyl phosphatidylserine (DOPS) as adjuvant. The vaccine induced high levels of specific IgG after a single injection. The antibodies were able to neutralise ZIKV without enhancing infection by DENV in vitro. Thus, the here described vaccine based on EDIII displayed on VLPs was able to stimulate production of antibodies specifically neutralizing ZIKV without potentially enhancing disease caused by DENV.

scholarly journals Risks of Zika virus during the first trimester of pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Molnár ◽  
Stephen Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

scholarly journals Risk estimates for microcephaly related to Zika virus infection - from French Polynesia to Bahia, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Johansson ◽  
Luis Mier-y-Teran-Romero ◽  
Jennita Reefhuis ◽  
Suzanne M Gilboa ◽  
Susan L Hills
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been linked to birth defects,1 yet the magnitude of risk remains uncertain. A study of the Zika outbreak in French Polynesia estimated that the risk of microcephaly due to ZIKV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy was 0.95% (95% confidence interval: 0.34-1.91%), based on eight microcephaly cases identified retrospectively in a population of approximately 270,000 people with an estimated 66% ZIKV infection rate.2

scholarly journals Maternal immunity and antibodies to dengue virus promote infection and Zika virus–induced microcephaly in fetuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. eaav3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay P. S. Rathore ◽  
Wilfried A. A. Saron ◽  
Ting Lim ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Ashley L. St. John
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emergent flaviviral pathogen, has been linked to microcephaly in neonates. Although the risk is greatest during the first trimester of pregnancy in humans, timing alone cannot explain why maternal ZIKV infection leads to severe microcephaly in some fetuses, but not others. The antigenic similarities between ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV), combined with high levels of DENV immunity among ZIKV target populations in recent outbreaks, suggest that anti-DENV maternal antibodies could promote ZIKV-induced microcephaly. We demonstrated maternal-to-fetal ZIKV transmission, fetal infection, and disproportionate microcephaly in immunocompetent mice. We show that DENV-specific antibodies in ZIKV-infected pregnant mice enhance vertical ZIKV transmission and result in a severe microcephaly-like syndrome, which was dependent on the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRN. This novel immune-mediated mechanism of vertical transmission of viral infection is of special concern because ZIKV epidemic regions are also endemic to DENV.

scholarly journals ZIKA virus reveals broad tissue and cell tropism during the first trimester of pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham El Costa ◽  
Jordi Gouilly ◽  
Jean-Michel Mansuy ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Claude Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

scholarly journals Abortion in Cases of Zika Virus Congenital Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (07) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mota ◽  
Luciano Cavalcanti ◽  
Alanna Delfino ◽  
Thayse Lopes ◽  
André Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Boolean Operator ◽  
International Public Health ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

AbstractThe emergency in international public health caused by the Zika virus gave rise to the discussion about abortion in cases of congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS). Therefore, we propose to carry out a bibliographic review on abortion in these cases. Five databases were searched using the following terms: abortion, miscarriage, and zika, with the interposition of the Boolean operator “AND.” In the selected literature, we found references to the lack of information concerning the risks and severity of CZS, to the great psychological distress suffered by pregnant women, and to the risk of unsafe abortions as a justification for abortion in cases of CZS. However, it is necessary to have available tests that could diagnose, in the first trimester of pregnancy, that the fetus has been affected by the virus, and that it may have important limitations, in order to subsidize the qualified discussion about abortion in these cases.

scholarly journals Clinical, Neuroimaging, and Neurophysiological Findings in Children with Microcephaly Related to Congenital Zika Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Lucia C. Lage ◽  
Alessandra Carvalho ◽  
Paloma Ventura ◽  
Tania Taguchi ◽  
Adriana Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Malformation Of Cortical Development ◽  
Brain Malformations ◽  
Cutaneous Rash ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection appeared in Brazil in 2015, causing an epidemic outbreak with increased rates of microcephaly and other serious birth disorders. We reviewed 102 cases of children who were diagnosed with microcephaly at birth and who had gestational exposure to ZIKV during the outbreak. We describe the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological findings. Most mothers (81%) reported symptoms of ZIKV infection, especially cutaneous rash, during the first trimester of pregnancy. The microcephaly was severe in 54.9% of the cases. All infants presented with brain malformations. The most frequent neuroimaging findings were cerebral atrophy (92.1%), ventriculomegaly (92.1%), malformation of cortical development (85.1%), and cortical–subcortical calcifications (80.2%). Abnormalities in neurological exams were found in 97.0% of the cases, epileptogenic activity in 56.3%, and arthrogryposis in 10.8% of the infants. The sensorineural screening suggested hearing loss in 17.3% and visual impairment in 14.1% of the infants. This group of infants who presented with microcephaly and whose mothers were exposed to ZIKV early during pregnancy showed clinical and radiological criteria for congenital ZIKV infection. A high frequency of brain abnormalities and signs of early neurological disorders were found, and epileptogenic activity and signs of sensorineural alterations were common. This suggests that microcephaly can be associated with a worst spectrum of neurological manifestations.

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