Comparison of Test Results for Zika Virus RNA in Urine, Serum, and Saliva Specimens from Persons with Travel-Associated Zika Virus Disease — Florida, 2016

We report the longitudinal follow-up of Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA in semen of a traveller who developed ZIKV disease after return to the Netherlands from Barbados, March 2016. Persistence of ZIKV RNA in blood, urine, saliva and semen was followed until the loads reached undetectable levels. RNA levels were higher in semen than in other sample types and declined to undetectable level at day 62 post onset of symptoms.

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Detection of Zika virus RNA in whole blood of imported Zika virus disease cases up to 2 months after symptom onset, Israel, December 2015 to April 2016

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.26.30269 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (26) ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Yaniv Lustig ◽

Ella Mendelson ◽

Nir Paran ◽

Sharon Melamed ◽

Eli Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Symptom Onset ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Infection Diagnosis ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Blood And Urine Samples ◽

Whole Blood Samples

Zika virus RNA presence in serum, whole-blood and urine samples from six Israeli travellers symptomatic for Zika virus disease was examined. Whole-blood samples were positive for as late as 2 months (58 days) post-symptom onset, longer than for urine (26 days) and serum (3 days). These findings suggest the utility of whole blood in Zika infection diagnosis.

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Spread of Zika virus disease

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.br0122161 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Virus Disease

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Estimating Contraceptive Needs and Increasing Access to Contraception in Response to the Zika Virus Disease Outbreak — Puerto Rico, 2016

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report ◽

10.15585/mmwr.mm6512e1er ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Naomi K. Tepper ◽

Howard I. Goldberg ◽

Manuel I. Vargas Bernal ◽

Brenda Rivera ◽

Meghan T. Frey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Access To Contraception

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Threshold Dynamics in a Model for Zika Virus Disease with Seasonality

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology ◽

10.1007/s11538-020-00844-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud A. Ibrahim ◽

Attila Dénes

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Threshold Dynamics ◽

Global Dynamics ◽

Threshold Parameter ◽

Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽

Linear Integral ◽

The Impact ◽

Disease Free

AbstractWe present a compartmental population model for the spread of Zika virus disease including sexual and vectorial transmission as well as asymptomatic carriers. We apply a non-autonomous model with time-dependent mosquito birth, death and biting rates to integrate the impact of the periodicity of weather on the spread of Zika. We define the basic reproduction number $${\mathscr {R}}_{0}$$ R 0 as the spectral radius of a linear integral operator and show that the global dynamics is determined by this threshold parameter: If $${\mathscr {R}}_0 < 1,$$ R 0 < 1 , then the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable, while if $${\mathscr {R}}_0 > 1,$$ R 0 > 1 , then the disease persists. We show numerical examples to study what kind of parameter changes might lead to a periodic recurrence of Zika.

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Prediction of seasonal patterns of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA detection in the U.S. swine industry

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720912406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 394-400

Author(s):

Giovani Trevisan ◽

Leticia C. M. Linhares ◽

Bret Crim ◽

Poonam Dubey ◽

Kent J. Schwartz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Robust Regression ◽

Historical Data ◽

The United States ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Test Results ◽

Swine Industry ◽

Cyclic Pattern ◽

Rna Detection ◽

Virus Rna

We developed a model to predict the cyclic pattern of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA detection by reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) from 4 major swine-centric veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) in the United States and to use historical data to forecast the upcoming year’s weekly percentage of positive submissions and issue outbreak signals when the pattern of detection was not as expected. Standardized submission data and test results were used. Historical data (2015–2017) composed of the weekly percentage of PCR-positive submissions were used to fit a cyclic robust regression model. The findings were used to forecast the expected weekly percentage of PCR-positive submissions, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), for 2018. During 2018, the proportion of PRRSV-positive submissions crossed 95% CI boundaries at week 2, 14–25, and 48. The relatively higher detection on week 2 and 48 were mostly from submissions containing samples from wean-to-market pigs, and for week 14–25 originated mostly from samples from adult/sow farms. There was a recurring yearly pattern of detection, wherein an increased proportion of PRRSV RNA detection in submissions originating from wean-to-finish farms was followed by increased detection in samples from adult/sow farms. Results from the model described herein confirm the seasonal cyclic pattern of PRRSV detection using test results consolidated from 4 VDLs. Wave crests occurred consistently during winter, and wave troughs occurred consistently during the summer months. Our model was able to correctly identify statistically significant outbreak signals in PRRSV RNA detection at 3 instances during 2018.

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Analysis of Ribonucleotide 5′-Triphosphate Analogs as Potential Inhibitors of Zika Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Using Nonradioactive Polymerase Assays

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01967-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Gaofei Lu ◽

Gregory R. Bluemling ◽

Paul Collop ◽

Michael Hager ◽

Damien Kuiper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Nonstructural Protein ◽

Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽

Antiviral Compounds ◽

Double Stranded Dna ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Potential Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging human pathogen that is spreading rapidly through the Americas and has been linked to the development of microcephaly and to a dramatically increased number of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases. Currently, no vaccine or therapeutic options for the prevention or treatment of ZIKV infections exist. In the study described in this report, we expressed, purified, and characterized full-length nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) and the NS5 polymerase domain (NS5pol) of ZIKV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Using purified NS5, we developed an in vitro nonradioactive primer extension assay employing a fluorescently labeled primer-template pair. Both purified NS5 and NS5pol can carry out in vitro RNA-dependent RNA synthesis in this assay. Our results show that Mn2+ is required for enzymatic activity, while Mg2+ is not. We found that ZIKV NS5 can utilize single-stranded DNA but not double-stranded DNA as a template or a primer to synthesize RNA. The assay was used to compare the efficiency of incorporation of analog 5′-triphosphates by the ZIKV polymerase and to calculate their discrimination versus that of natural ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTPs). The 50% inhibitory concentrations for analog rNTPs were determined in an alternative nonradioactive coupled-enzyme assay. We determined that, in general, 2′-C-methyl- and 2′-C-ethynyl-substituted analog 5′-triphosphates were efficiently incorporated by the ZIKV polymerase and were also efficient chain terminators. Derivatives of these molecules may serve as potential antiviral compounds to be developed to combat ZIKV infection. This report provides the first characterization of ZIKV polymerase and demonstrates the utility of in vitro polymerase assays in the identification of potential ZIKV inhibitors.

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DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF CHEST CT USING CO-RADS CATEGORIZATION IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION WITH EMPHASIS ON IMPACT OF CT IN PATIENTS WITH DELAYED OR NEGATIVE INITIAL RTPCR TEST

10.36106/ijar/9301921 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-52

Author(s):

Tharani Putta ◽

Kaushik Deconda

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Vital Role ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Lung Involvement ◽

Test Results ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Diagnostic Role ◽

Pcr Test

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Role of chest CT in diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of chest CT when utilizing COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study including consecutive patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test (initial or repeat test) and chest CT done in our institute between June and September 2020. Spectrum of CT ndings, CO-RADS score and 25 point CT severity score (CTSS) were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 300 consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the analysis. Out of the 168 patients who underwent CT prior to positive RT-PCR result, 125 (74.4%) had CO-RADS 3, 4 or 5 score on chest CT. 32 study patients (10.6%) had initial negative RT-PCR of which 24 (75%) had CO-RADS 4 or 5 score. Of the total patients with CO-RADS 3 to 5 score (227), 20 (8.8%) had severe lung involvement (CTSS 18-25), 83 (36.6%) had moderate lung involvement (CTSS 8-17) and 124 (54.6%) had mild lung involvement (CTSS 1-7). The mean CTSS was 7.9 with mean lobar score being higher in lower lobes (RLL=1.82, LLL=1.78) compared to the upper and middle lobes (RUL=1.61, RML=1.19, LUL=1.53). CONCLUSION:CT using CO-RADS scoring system has good diagnostic performance. In addition to assessing disease severity, it plays a vital role in triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 especially when there is limited availability of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests, delay in RT-PCR test results or in negative RT-PCR cases when there is high index of clinical suspicion.

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Zika Virus: A Clinical Review

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v7i1.33766 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 719-725

Author(s):

Md Daharul Islam ◽

SM Tajdit Rahman ◽

Khaleda Akhter ◽

Md Azizul Hoque ◽

Anannya Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yellow Fever ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Abrupt Onset ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Antibodies Detection

Zika virus is a flavivirus related to Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus. It is considered an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquito of the genus Aedes. Its first description took place in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, isolated on Rhesus monkey used as bait to study the yellow fever virus. Clinical picture is characterized as a 'dengue-like' syndrome, with abrupt onset of fever; and an early onset of evanescent rash, often pruritic. Occasionally the disease has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The diagnosis can be performed by PCR or by IgG and IgM antibodies detection. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for Zika virus disease. Treatment is generally supportive. Control measures are same for dengue and chikungunya based mostly on health education and vector control.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 719-725

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