scholarly journals Development of technology of gas condensate extraction from the formation in the conditions of retrograde condensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3(57)) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Doroshenko ◽  
Oleksandr Titlov ◽  
Ivan Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Cycling Process ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Acceptable Method

The object of research is gas condensate fields at a late stage of their development under conditions of a decrease in reservoir pressure below the pressure of condensate separation from a gaseous state. Reservoir losses of condensate during the development of deposits in depletion mode can reach 78 %, which entails the need to use various methods of stimulating the reservoir system to remove it. The most acceptable method is the use of a cycling process by re-injection (recirculation) of the produced and separated gas into the formation. A significant disadvantage of the cycling process is the long-term conservation of gas reserves as a result of its re-injection into the reservoir and significant capital and operating costs for dry gas injection. From a technological point of view, the use of the cycling process is constrained by the low value of the sweep efficiency. Dry gas that is injected has a lower viscosity in terms of the gas-condensate mixture is withdrawn from the reservoir, and under the conditions of the heterogeneous structure of the reservoir, its rapid breakthrough from injection to production wells takes place and, as a result, a decrease in the efficiency of condensate recovery. As an alternative to the cycling process for extracting retrograde condensate from the reservoir, it has been proposed to squeeze it out with water. The paper proposes a unified waterflooding system, actually displacing condensate with water or a gas-water mixture. This is achieved by controlled operation of injection and production wells. First, gas is taken from the wells, and with the appearance of water in the product, methods of intensifying the transfer to the surface are used. If necessary, the wells are switched to forced production mode. The results of laboratory studies carried out on real samples of core material from the Andriyashivske gas condensate field (Ukraine) are presented. The directions of the implementation of gas-water repression in gas condensate fields with the parallel use of restrained reservoir gas available in the reservoir are substantiated. The technology allows to extract up to 50 % of the condensate dropped out in the reservoir.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AN ASPHALT-RESIN-PARAFFIN DEPOSITS INHIBITOR AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ITS INJECTION INTO THE BOTTOM-HOLE FORMATION ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 769-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Shamilevna KHAIBULLINA ◽  
Grigory Yurievich KOROBOV ◽  
Aleksandr Viktorovich LEKOMTSEV
Keyword(s):  
Core Material ◽  
Hole Formation ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Bulk Model ◽  
Corrosive Activity ◽  
The Impact

The problem of the formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in oil fields within the “well – bottom-hole formation zone” system is still relevant. To prevent the formation of ARPD in the “bottom-hole formation zone – well” system, the ARPD inhibitors must have high adsorption and low desorption properties concerning the rock. The composition of inhibitors often includes surfactants. Nonionic surfactants, namely, polyesters, are widely used to prevent the formation of ARPD. However, currently, little is known about inhibitors with a combined effect, for example, possessing depressor-dispersing properties for ARPD. This work aimed to develop a combined inhibitor possessing not only depressor-dispersing properties but also having good adsorption and desorption properties to the rock to prevent the formation of ARPD. The paper presents the research results on the development of an ARPD inhibitor, as well as the effects of determination of its depressor dispersing, inhibiting, and corrosive properties; the temperature of oil saturation with paraffin is determined as well. The studies of the ARPD inhibitor adsorption were carried out by the static and dynamic methods. In contrast, the process of the inhibitor desorption was studied by oil filtering through a saturated sample of the rock using a bulk model and core material. The impact of the fluid flow rate on the inhibitor desorption rate was studied. The technological parameters of the ARPD inhibitor solution injection into the bottom-hole formation zone of production wells were calculated. The developed composition has high inhibiting properties concerning the ARPD, depressor dispersing properties, low corrosive activity for a metal surface, and is capable of lowering the temperature of oil saturation with paraffin.

scholarly journals An Investigation into Sub-Critical Choke Flow Performance in High Rate Gas Condensate Wells

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3992
Author(s):  
Nasriani ◽  
Khan ◽  
Graham ◽  
Ndlovu ◽  
Nasriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Parameter Variation ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Data Points

There have been some correlations in the literature to predict the gas and liquid flow rate through wellhead chokes under subcritical flow conditions. The majority of these empirical correlations have been developed based on limited production data sets that were collected from a small number of fields. Therefore, these correlations are valid within the parameter variation ranges of those fields. If such correlations are used elsewhere for the prediction of the subcritical choke flow performance of the other fields, significant errors will occur. Additionally, there are only a few empirical correlations for sub-critical choke flow performance in high rate gas condensate wells. These led the authors to develop a new empirical correlation based on a wider production data set from different gas condensate fields in the world; 234 production data points were collected from a large number of production wells in twenty different gas condensate fields with diverse reservoir conditions and different production histories. A non-linear regression analysis method was applied to their production. The new correlation was validated with a new set of data points from some other production wells to confirm the accuracy of the established correlation. The results show that the new correlation had minimal errors and predicted the gas flow rate more accurately than the other three existing models over a wider range of parameter variation ranges.

Mechanism Analysis of Indigenous Microbial Enhancement for Residue Oil Recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Fu Chang Shu ◽  
Yue Hui She ◽  
Zheng Liang Wang ◽  
Shu Qiong Kong
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Microbial Enhancement ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Technological Treatment

Biotechnological nutrient flooding was applied to the North block of the Kongdian Oilfield during 2001-2005. The biotechnology involved the injection of a water-air mixture made up of mineral nitrogen and phosphorous salts with the intent of stimulating the growth of indigenous microorganisms. During monitoring of the physico-chemical, microbiological and production characteristics of the North block of the Kongdian bed, it was revealed significant changes took place in the ecosystem as a result of the technological treatment. The microbial oil transformation was accompanied by an accumulation of carbonates, lower fatty acids and biosurfactants in water formations, which is of value to enhanced oil recovery. The microbial metabolites changed the composition of the water formation, favored the diversion of the injected fluid from closed, high permeability zones to upswept zones and improved the sweep efficiency. The results of the studies demonstrated strong hydrodynamic links between the injection wells and production wells. Microbiological monitoring of the deep subsurface ecosystems and the filtration properties of the fluids are well modified, producing 40000 additional tons of oil in the test areas.

Disturbance energy growth in core–annular flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 44-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orazzo ◽  
G. Coppola ◽  
L. de Luca
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Modal Theory

AbstractThe linear stability of the horizontal pipe flow of an equal density oil–water mixture, arranged as acore–annular flow(CAF), is here reconsidered from the point of view of non-modal analysis in order to assess the effects of non-normality of the linearized Navier–Stokes operator on the transient evolution of small disturbances. The aim of this investigation is to give insight into physical situations in which poor agreement occurs between the predictions of linear modal theory and classical experiments. The results exhibit high transient amplifications of the energy of three-dimensional perturbations and, in analogy with single-fluid pipe flow, the largest amplifications arise for non-axisymmetric disturbances of vanishing axial wavenumber. Energy analysis shows that the mechanisms leading to these transient phenomena mostly occur in the annulus, occupied by the less viscous fluid. Consequently, higher values of energy amplifications are obtained by increasing the gap between the core and the pipe wall and the annular Reynolds number. It is argued that these linear transient mechanisms of disturbance amplification play a key role in explaining the transition to turbulence of CAF.

On the theory of electron-transfer processes in aqueous solutions

1954 ◽  
Vol 222 (1148) ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Interpretation ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes

It has been realized for some time that simple electron-transfer processes play an important part in the mechanism of many oxidation-reduction reactions in solution. An attempt has been made to give a quantum-mechanical interpretation of these processes on the basis of the earlier theories of electron transfer in the gaseous state (Landau 1932; Bates & Massey 1943). The present treatment for solutions takes into account the role of the solvent, with particular reference to the operation of the Franck—Condon principle and it also leads to some definite picture of the transition state for the electron transfer process. A number of examples are discussed, including electron transfer between like ions of different valency and also reactions involving complex ions, e.g. metal porphyrins, the reactions of which are of importance in certain biochemical processes. It appears that the application of certain theoretical principles leads to a satisfactory understanding of electron-transfer processes in solution from a qualitative and, in some cases, also from a semi-quantitative point of view.

scholarly journals Two-phase flow in Hele-Shaw cells: numberical studies of sweep efficiency in a five-spot pattern

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard W. Sahwartiz ◽  
Anthony J. Degregoria
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionless Parameter ◽  
Viscosity Ratio ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Porous Media Flow ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Range Of Values

AbstractThe unsteady Hele-Shaw problem is a model nonlinear system that, for a certain parameter ranger, exhibits the phenomenon known as viscous fingering. While not directly applicable to multiphase porous-media flow, it does prove to be an adequate mathematical model for unstable dieplacement in laboratory parallel-plate devices. We seek here to determine, by use of an accurate boundary-integral frount-tracking scheme, the extent to which the simplified system captures the canonical nonlinear behavior of displacement flows and, in particular, to ascertain the role of noise in such systems. We choose to study a particular pattern of injection and production “wells.” The pattern chosen is the isolated “five-spot,” that is a single source surrounded by four symmetrically-placed sinks in an infinite two-dimensional “reservoir.” In cases where the “pusher” fluid has negligible viscosity, sweep efficiency is calculated for a range of values of the single dimensionless parameter τ, an inverse capillary number. As this parameter is reduced, corresponding to increased flow rate or reduced interfacial tension, this efficiency decreases continuously. For small values of τ, these stable displacements change abruptly to a regime characterized by unstable competing fingers and a significant reduction in sweep efficiency. A simple stability argument appears to correctly predict the noise level required to transit from the stable to the competing-finger regimes. Published compilations of experimental results for sweep efficiency as a function of viscosity ratio showed an unexplained divergence when the pusher fluid is less viscous. Our simulations produce a similar divergence when, for a given viscosity ratio, the parameter τ is varied.

scholarly journals Kafka’s animals between mimicry and assimilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Barbara Di Noi
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
The Subject

Abstract In Kafka’s literary world, several animals emerge; they belong to an odd and enigmatic fauna, on the edge between violence and artistry but also between stillness and music; according to the writer, scripture represents both the fault and the punishment waiting for the solitary artist. Animals, especially depicted as hordes of small mice or other rodents, also hint to the heterogeneous structure of the Self, who doesn’t manage to keep under control all the divisions in his ambiguous dentity. Through opposition between the point of view of the subject, who considers his own isolation as indispensable to carry on writing, and the multitude of escaping small animals, Kafka also expresses and experiences his own impossibility of “description” (Beschreibung). In the meantime, Kafka’s animals embody the creatural and unconscious sources of imagination the writer draws from that constantly escape his own control and willingness, pushing forwards into an unknown and inhospitable region, towards the wasteland, the eternal winter that can be identified with scripture. In writing, a deep metamorphosis of the Self takes place. Kafka shares this belief with one of the writers he most admired and considered his master, Gustave Flaubert, who firmly thought that, while writing, one loses his previous identity, becoming someone else, even assuming the appearence of the “otherness”. We can state that Kafka’s imagery of animals takes to the extreme the paradox and ambiguity the idea of writing relies on, also reproducing, especially, in his hybrid creatures, the feeling of uncertainty and lack of safety of the assimilated Jewish artist.

The Lomond Field, Block 23/21, UK North Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srmuti Jena ◽  
David Olowoleru
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Production History ◽  
Very High

AbstractLomond is a gas–condensate field on the east flank of the Central Graben UK Continental Shelf, some 230 km east of Aberdeen in Block 23/21. The field was discovered in 1972 and was developed with nine production wells from an integrated production platform. Lomond is a large salt-induced anticline with four-way dip closure. The reservoir comprises Paleocene turbidite sandstones with the majority of the hydrocarbon volume in the Forties Sandstone Member and the top seal is provided by laterally extensive mudstones of the Sele Formation. The field is structurally compartmentalized with three different hydrocarbon–water contacts, but with the gas leg in pressure communication. Significant reservoir and structural complexities are observed in Lomond Field; however, the production behaviour exhibits classical tank-like depletion behaviour over its production history. With a very high recovery factor to date, the field has produced 883 bcf or 86% of the gas resource initially in place.

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