TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL INFLUENCES ON ROAD MORTALITY IN OTTERS: CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMICHAI GUTER ◽  
AMIT DOLEV ◽  
DAVID SALTZ ◽  
NOGA KRONFELD-SCHOR
Keyword(s):  
Road Mortality ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Conservation implications of the temporal and spatial distribution of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in Crete

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Xirouchakis ◽  
Manolis Nikolakakis
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gypaetus Barbatus ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Bearded Vulture ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

We carried out a four-year (1995-1999) survey on the foraging and breeding distribution of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus on the island of Crete. The age classes of all birds sighted were systematically recorded and data on seasonal distribution patterns were collected; 262 observations were made covering an area of about 4,000 km2, at altitudes ranging from 200 m to 2,450 m a.s.l (mean 1,100 m). Adult birds were distributed evenly throughout the island while young birds avoided active territories and were mostly sighted at the periphery of the high mountains. The species depended almost entirely on domestic livestock herded into and away from the mountains seasonally, with birds foraging in the uplands (> 1,200 m a.s.l.) from early May to late October and frequenting midland pastures (600-1,200 m a.s.l.) for the rest of the year. The mean altitude of nesting sites was 750 m (range = 280-1,450 m), with 80% of nests positioned below the 1,000 m contour. Bearded Vultures are more vulnerable to human-induced mortality within their breeding territories and on midland pastures in winter than in the upland areas in summer.

scholarly journals The effects of landscape structure and road topography on mortality of mammals: A case study of two different road types in Central Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bitušík ◽  
Marcela Kocianová-Adamcová ◽  
Juraj Brabec ◽  
Radovan Malina ◽  
Jerguš Tesák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
The Road ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Migration Corridor

The magnitude, composition, temporal and spatial patterns of mammal road mortality were assessed along some sections of two different road types (I/51 and R1) connecting the towns of Banská Bystrica, Zvolen and Banská Štiavnica (Central Slovakia). Road kills were surveyed using a car, three or four times per week from March 2008 to December 2012. We conducted 440 surveys, traveling a total of 39,700 km, and recorded 5,416 road mortality events (120 kills per km on average). Mammals were represented by 693 individuals (12.8% of the total number of carcasses) identified into 20 species and categories, respectively. The most frequently identified species were fox, hedgehog and domestic cat, a substantial part fell into the category of small mammals, as they could not be mostly identified to a genus. We found significant temporal and spatial differences in the magnitude of road-kills and identified several road segments as mortality hotspots both for all observations and for each season. Using logistic models we found significant relationships between the number and composition of the mammal casualties and higher proportion of arable land, built-up areas and roads in the landscape bordering the roads. Road topography was found to be among the important variables in explaining road-kills as carnivores were most susceptible to be killed on the raised segments and insectivores and herbivore mammals on the raised or buried segments of the roads. Construction of the fence along the R1 expressway in 2010 was related to significant decrease in road-kills, however, significantly higher mortality level was recorded at the segments with the underpass where streams with line riparian vegetation are crossed by the road. This effect was not identified at segments with expressway feeders. This finding suggests that the line vegetation continues to serve as migration corridor and leads animals to the R1 road where they find defects in fencing and try to cross through them and enter the road.

scholarly journals Proximity to Hibernacula and Road Type Influence Potential Road Mortality of Snakes in Southwestern Saskatchewan

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Fortney ◽  
Ray G. Poulin ◽  
Jessica A. Martino ◽  
Dennilyn L. Parker ◽  
Christopher M. Somers
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Multivariate Modelling ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Road Type ◽  
Park Area

The behaviour of snakes makes them vulnerable to road mortality, which may have conservation implications for some species. We examined factors affecting road mortality of snakes around Grasslands National Park of Canada (GNP), Saskatchewan, an area inhabited by a unique snake community within Canada, including the threatened Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris). Systematic surveys (n = 45) of roads in the Grasslands National Park area in 2009 yielded 36 dead and 18 live snakes. Multivariate modelling revealed that proximity to hibernacula was positively correlated with presence of snakes on roads. Paved roads had disproportionately higher numbers of snake mortalities, suggesting that traffic patterns are a bigger risk factor than road use per se. Some radio-tracked Eastern Yellow-bellied Racers (2 of 17; 12%) and Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) (4 of 5; 80%) captured at emergence from hibernacula had road areas in their home ranges. These individuals equipped with radio-transmitters used roads and immediately adjacent areas significantly more than expected, based on their availability, suggesting possible selection for roads. Strategies to reduce road mortality of snakes should focus on key stretches of roads, such as those near winter hibernacula or riparian zones. The placement of paved roads in sensitive areas like those in and around Grasslands National Park should be carefully considered to minimize snake mortality.

scholarly journals Ants biting amphibians: a review and new observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Kaczmarski ◽  
Michał Michlewicz ◽  
Piotr Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Formica Polyctena ◽  
Lasius Fuliginosus ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Antagonistic interactions between insects and amphibians are the subject of many scientific articles, mostly concerning amphibian predation on insect, but many fewer examples exist of the opposite situation. In this article we review available information from the literature and add our own observations collected during amphibian pitfall trap monitoring in 2012–2016 in Western Poland, as well as discuss potential conservation implications of observed behavior. We identified a total of 29 cases involving 94 individual ants attacking four species of Anura, Rana temporaria, Pelophylax esculentus complex, Bufo bufo, and Pelobates fuscus, and biting their back, cloaca, armpits, or hind legs. Bites were inflicted by three ant species: Myrmica rubra, Lasius fuliginosus, and Formica polyctena. The number of ants found on an amphibian was positively and significantly correlated with its body length. To date, direct damage by ants on amphibians was reported mainly from the tropics in general predation accident. However, as we document here, it is probably a more common phenomenon, especially in some ecological traps or during pitfall trapping, which is a common method to mitigate road mortality of frogs and toads.

Space and Time Distribution of Hard X-Ray Emission in a Loop at the Beginning of a Flare

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 275-277
Author(s):  
M. Karlický ◽  
J. C. Hénoux
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Electron Bombardment ◽  
Spatial Evolution ◽  
Superthermal Electrons ◽  
Flare Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Superthermal Electron ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Chromospheric Evaporation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractUsing a new ID hybrid model of the electron bombardment in flare loops, we study not only the evolution of densities, plasma velocities and temperatures in the loop, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of hard X-ray emission. In the present paper a continuous bombardment by electrons isotropically accelerated at the top of flare loop with a power-law injection distribution function is considered. The computations include the effects of the return-current that reduces significantly the depth of the chromospheric layer which is evaporated. The present modelling is made with superthermal electron parameters corresponding to the classical resistivity regime for an input energy flux of superthermal electrons of 109erg cm−2s−1. It was found that due to the electron bombardment the two chromospheric evaporation waves are generated at both feet of the loop and they propagate up to the top, where they collide and cause temporary density and hard X-ray enhancements.

Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
James E. Crandall ◽  
Linda C. Hassinger ◽  
Gerald A. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Patterns ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Olfactory Systems ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoconjugates

Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

Temporal and spatial interrelationships of confronting cisternae to nuclear envelope

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 930-931
Author(s):  
John R. Palisano
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Although confronting cistemae (CC) have been observed in a variety of tumor cells and normal fetal rat, mouse, and human epithelial tissues, little is known about their origin or role in mitotic cells. While several investigators have suggested that CC arise from nuclear envelope (NE) folding back on itself during prophase, others have suggested that CC arise when fragments of NE pair with endoplasmic reticulum. An electron microscopic investigation of 0.25 um thick serial sections was undertaken to examine the origin of CC in HeLa cells.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

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