Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system

Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

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Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies involve reversible cranial dura matter

Oxford Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1093/omcr/omab077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Kataoka ◽

Daisuke Shimada ◽

Hitoki Nanaura ◽

Kazuma Sugie

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cell Death ◽

Nervous System ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Neuromuscular Disorders ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽

The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT This case is the first document to describe a patient receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies which showed cranial dura matter involvement. According to the increasing use of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, adverse effects can occur in several organs since its ligand PD-L1 and PD-L2 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. The estimated rate of neurological complications is 1–4.2% of patients, and neuromuscular disorders are the most common. Adverse effects on the central nervous system including encephalitis are less frequent. Here, a patient receiving anti-PD-1 antibodies showed cranial dura matter involvement, and the dura enhancement on MRI was resolved by withdrawal of the treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies only.

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Odor Perception

Human Olfactory Displays and Interfaces ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2521-1.ch002 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 44-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mitsuo Tonoike

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Information Processing ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Olfactory Acuity ◽

Central Regions ◽

Olfactory Systems ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Though olfaction is one of the necessary senses and indispensable for the maintenance of the life of the animal, the mechanism of olfaction had not yet been understood well compared with other sensory systems such as vision and audition. However, recently, the most basic principle of “signal transduction on the reception and transmission for the odor” has been clarified. Therefore, the important next problem is how the information of odors about is processed in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and how odor is perceived in the human brain. In this chapter, the basic olfactory systems in animal and human are described and examples such as “olfactory acuity, threshold, adaptation, and olfactory disorders” are discussed. The mechanism of olfactory information processing is described under the results obtained by using a few new non-invasive measuring methods. In addition, from a few recent studies, it is shown that olfactory neurophysiological information is passing through some deep central regions of the brain before finally being processed in the orbito-frontal areas.

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Odorant Receptors Signaling Instructs the Development and Plasticity of the Glomerular Map

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2015/975367 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pablo Valle-Leija

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Olfactory System ◽

Neural Circuits ◽

Odorant Receptors ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Essential Information ◽

Olfactory Information ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

And Function

The olfactory system provides a great opportunity to explore the mechanisms that underlie the formation and function of neural circuits because of the simplicity of its structure. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the peripheral olfactory epithelium (OE) take part in the initial formation and function of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB) inside the central nervous system. Glomeruli are key in the process of transduction of olfactory information, as they constitute a map in the OB that sorts the different types of odorant inputs. This odorant categorization allows proper olfactory perception, and it is achieved through the anatomical organization and function of the different glomerular circuits. Once formed, glomeruli keep the capacity to undergo diverse plasticity processes, which is unique among the different neural circuits of the central nervous system. In this context, through the expression and function of the odorant receptors (ORs), OSNs perform two of the most important roles in the olfactory system: transducing odorant information to the nervous system and initiating the development of the glomerular map to organize olfactory information. This review addresses essential information that has emerged in recent years about the molecular basis of these processes.

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Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Peripheral and Central Nervous System Myelin

Journal of Neurochemistry ◽

10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb00914.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sheldon L. Miller ◽

David Pleasure ◽

Meenhard Herlyn ◽

Barbara Atkinson ◽

Carolyn Ernst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies

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Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis

10.1093/med/9780199341016.003.0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Piccio ◽

Anne H. Cross

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

B Lymphocytes ◽

Autoimmune Disorder ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Immune Systems ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that targets myelin but affects both white matter and gray matter. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be mediated by cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems. CD4+ T lymphocytes of the Th1 and Th17 subtypes are believed to be critical for the initiation of multiple sclerosis. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies that deplete B lymphocytes has proven that B cells are critical to relapse development in multiple sclerosis. While immunopathophysiology is clearly important in MS, whether multiple sclerosis is truly an autoimmune disorder and the target or targets of the autoimmunity remain unknown.

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